Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs articles from April 2011

Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports and Issue Briefs archives from April 2011

Nigeria: elections and issues for congress.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Overview Political Context The 2003 Elections 2007 Elections The 2011 Elections: Challenges and Opportunities Development Challenges and Reform Initiatives Reforms to the Petroleum and Energy Sectors Financial Sector...

Diversity immigrant visa lottery issues.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Background Legislative Origins Eligibility Criteria Trends in Source Countries Demographic Features Legislative Issues Policy Questions Is it fair to have the diversity visa category when there are family...

Iran sanctions.
April 1, 2011... April 4, 2011 Summary There appears to be a growing international consensus to adopt progressively strict economic sanctions against Iran to try to compel it to verifiably confine its nuclear program to purely peaceful uses. In January...

Overview.(Iran Sanctions)(Brief article)
April 1, 2011... The Obama Administration's policy approach toward Iran has contrasted with the Bush Administration's by attempting to couple the imposition of sanctions to a consistent, direct U.S. effort to negotiate with Iran on the nuclear issue. That...

Sanctions against foreign firms that deal with Iran's energy sector: the Iran Sanctions Act (ISA).(Iran Sanctions)
April 1, 2011... The Iran Sanctions Act (ISA) is one among many U.S. sanctions in place against Iran. Since its first enactment, it has attracted substantial attention because it is an "extra-territorial sanction"-- it authorizes U.S. penalties against foreign...

Ban on U.S. trade and investment with Iran.(Iran Sanctions)
April 1, 2011... A ban on U.S. trade with and investment in Iran was imposed on May 6, 1995, by President Clinton, through Executive Order 12959.12 This followed an earlier March 1995 executive order barring U.S. investment in Iran's energy sector. The trade and...

Banking and finance: treasury department financial measures and CISADA.(Iran Sanctions)(Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act)
April 1, 2011... U.S. efforts to shut Iran out of the international banking system--gaining strength as other countries have joined the effort--have been implemented by the Treasury Department (office of Under Secretary of the Treasury Stuart Levey) through...

Terrorism list designation-related sanctions.(Iran Sanctions)
April 1, 2011... Several U.S. sanctions are in effect as a result of Iran's presence on the U.S. "terrorism list." The list was established by Section 6(j) of the Export Administration Act of 1979 (P.L. 96-72, as amended), sanctioning countries determined to...

Proliferation-related U.S. sanctions.(Iran Sanctions)
April 1, 2011... Iran is prevented from receiving advanced technology from the United States under relevant and Iran-specific anti-proliferation laws (28) and by Executive Order 13382 (June 28, 2005). Some of these laws and executive measures seek to penalize...

U.S. efforts to promote divestment.(Iran Sanctions)(Brief article)
April 1, 2011... A growing trend not only in Congress but in several states is to require or call for or require divestment of shares of firms that have invested in Iran's energy sector (at the same levels considered sanctionable under the Iran Sanctions Act)....

U.S. sanctions intended to support Iran's opposition.(Iran Sanctions)
April 1, 2011... A trend in the 111th Congress, after the Iran election dispute, was to promote the prospects for the domestic opposition in Iran. Proposals to target the Revolutionary Guard for sanctions, discussed throughout, represent one facet of the trend...

Blocked Iranian property and assets.(Iran Sanctions)(Brief article)
April 1, 2011... Iranian leaders continue to assert that the United States is holding Iranian assets, and that this is an impediment to improved relations. A U.S.-Iran Claims Tribunal at the Hague continues to arbitrate cases resulting from the 1980 break in...

U.N. sanctions.(Iran Sanctions)(United Nations)
April 1, 2011... The U.S. sanctions discussed in this report are more comprehensive than those imposed, to date, by the United Nations Security Council or by individual foreign countries or groups of countries, such as the European Union. However, there is...

International implementation and compliance.(Iran Sanctions)
April 1, 2011... U.S. allies have supported the Obama Administration's sanctions toward Iran, in part because the approach is perceived as not purely punitive, and in part because concerns about Iran's nuclear advancement have increased. U.S. and European/allied...

Recent or pending legislation to impose additional sanctions.(Iran Sanctions)(H.R. 6296, S. 366 and H.R. 740)(Table)(Report)
April 1, 2011... Some in Congress believe that the cumulative effect of U.S. and international sanctions remain insufficient to accomplish key U.S. policy goals toward Iran, and are advocating further steps. As far as economic sanctions, in the 111th...

Congressional budget resolutions: historical information.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution Formulation of the Budget Resolution Content of the Budget Resolution Number of Years Covered by the Budget Resolution Consideration and Adoption of the Budget...

U.S.-Vietnam economic and trade relations: issues for the 112th congress.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement (TPP) Vietnam's Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) Application Compliance with Eligibility Criteria Is Vietnam a "Communist" Country? Workers'...

The Japanese nuclear incident: technical aspects.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Could Harmful Levels of Fallout Reach the United States? What Is Radiation? Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactors Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation Sources of Radiation Exposure Measuring Exposure: Absorbed Dose v....

Effects of radiation from Fukushima Daiichi on the U.S. marine environment.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Situation Concerns Are there implications for U.S. seafood safety? How likely is it that radiation will reach U.S. marine waters, either through ocean currents or atmospheric transport? What are the likely responses if...

Cote d'Ivoire's post-election crisis.
April 1, 2011... April 5, 2011 Summary Cote d'Ivoire has entered a renewed period of extreme political instability following a contested presidential election designed to cap an often forestalled peace process. The election was held under the terms of the...

Recent developments.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)
April 1, 2011... The political crisis in Cote d'Ivoire has erupted into full-scale conflict. Rebel forces, who have been based in the north of the country since the inception of Cote d'Ivoire's civil conflict in 2002, began a renewed military offensive in late...

Introduction and implications for the United States.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)
April 1, 2011... Cote d'Ivoire, a former French West African colony of 21.1 million people that is nearly as large as New Mexico and is the world's leading cocoa producer, has entered a renewed period of extreme political instability in the wake of a contested...

Post-electoral crisis.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)
April 1, 2011... On November 28, 2010, a presidential election runoff vote was held between the incumbent president, Laurent Gbagbo, and former Prime Minister Alassane Dramane Ouattara, the two candidates who had garnered the most votes, 38% and 32%,...

International reactions.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)
April 1, 2011... Much of the international community--with at least one exception and some qualifications among African governments--has rejected Gbagbo's claim of electoral victory and endorsed Ouattara as the legally elected president of Cote d'Ivoire. In...

U.S. diplomatic and policy responses.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)
April 1, 2011... U.S. Stance On December 3, 2010, President Obama publicly congratulated Ouattara on his electoral victory, and stated that the IEC, "credible and accredited observers, and the United Nations have all confirmed this result and attested to its...

U.S. relations, assistance, and elections support.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)
April 1, 2011... U.S.-Ivoirian relations were traditionally cordial, but became strained after the 1999 ouster of former president Henri Konan Bedie in 1999 in a military coup by the late General Robert Gue'i, and remained so during President Gbagbo's tenure....

Outlook.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)
April 1, 2011... As of late-March 2011, both the Ouattara and Gbagbo camps were rigidly adhering to their respective positions, and mediation by regional bodies, such as ECOWAS and the AU, had yielded few concrete prospects for a peaceful resolution of the...

Appendix A. Background on the election.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)(Report)
April 1, 2011... The Long-Stymied Peace Process The 2010 presidential election was the main political objective of a peace process aimed at reunifying Cote d'Ivoire under a series of political-military agreements reached between 2003 and March 2007, when the...

Appendix B. Background to the crisis.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)(Report)
April 1, 2011... Historical Background As discussed in the body of this report (see text box "Cote d'Ivoire: Country Overview"), in the mid-1980s, demands for increased democratization, periodic social unrest, and political tensions emerged. Long-term cocoa...

Appendix C. Acronym table.(Cote d'Ivoire's Post-Election Crisis)(Report)
April 1, 2011... Table C-1. Acronyms Used in This Report (Some from the French, per common usages) Acronym Descriptor AfDB African Development Bank AI Amnesty International AUC AU Commission CFA CFA West African Communaute...

Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) and the role of congress in trade policy.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Introduction A Brief History of TPA The U.S. Constitution and Foreign Trade The Evolution of the Congressional-Executive Partnership The Creation of Fast Track Trade Authority Subsequent Renewals of Fast Track Trade...

Proposed U.S.-Colombia free trade agreement: background and issues.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Trade Promotion Authority Rationale for the Agreement Colombian Tariffs on Goods from the United States Review of the Proposed U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement Key CFTA Provisions Market Access Tariff...

Japan 2011 disaster: CRS experts.(Table)
April 1, 2011... April 7, 2011 The following tables provides access to names and contact information for CRS experts on policy concerns relating to the nuclear and humanitarian disaster unfolding in Japan. Policy areas identified include * Nuclear power,...

Iran: U.S. concerns and policy responses.
April 1, 2011... April 7, 2011 Summary The Obama Administration views Iran as a major threat to U.S. national security interests, a perception generated not only by Iran's nuclear program but also by its materiel assistance to armed groups in Iraq and...

Political history.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
April 1, 2011... The United States was an ally of the late Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi ("the Shah"), who ruled from 1941 until his ouster in February 1979. The Shah assumed the throne when Britain and Russia forced his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi (Reza...

Regime structure, stability, and opposition.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)(Report)
April 1, 2011... Iran's regime has always been considered authoritarian, but with a degree of popular input and checks and balances among power centers. The Islamic republican constitution provided for some elected and some appointed positions. The regime faced...

Other human rights practices.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
April 1, 2011... International criticism of Iran's human rights practices predates and transcends the crackdown against the Green movement. Table 3, which discusses the regime's record on a number of human rights issues, is based largely on the latest State...

Iran's strategic capabilities and weapons of mass destruction programs.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)(Report)
April 1, 2011... The Obama Administration views Iran, as the Bush Administration did, as one of the key national security challenges facing the United States. (10) This assessment is based largely on Iran's weapons of mass destruction (WMD) programs and its...

Foreign policy and support for terrorist groups.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
April 1, 2011... Iran's foreign policy is a product of the ideology of Iran's Islamic revolution, blended with longstanding national interests and what some describe as a near obsession about U.S. strategic power. Some of Iran's leaders, including Ahmadinejad,...

U.S. policy approaches and additional options.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)(Report)
April 1, 2011... The February 11, 1979, fall of the Shah of Iran, a key U.S. ally, opened a long and deep rift in U.S.-Iranian relations. As noted in the section on Iran's foreign policy and support of terrorism, U.S.-Iran differences significantly transcend the...

Conclusion.(Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses)
April 1, 2011... Mistrust between the United States and Iran's Islamic regime has run deep for more than three decades. Some argue that, no matter who is in power in Tehran, the United States and Iran have a common long-term interest in stability in the Persian...

Cyprus: reunification proving elusive.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Background Annan Plan The Christofias-Talat Negotiations: 2008-2010 A New Era: Christofias and Eroglu Issues EU Trade with North Cyprus Assessment April 7, 2011 Summary Attempts to resolve the Cyprus...

Changes in the arctic: background and issues for Congress.
April 1, 2011... April 7, 2011 Summary The diminishment of Arctic sea ice has led to increased human activities in the Arctic, and has heightened interest in, and concerns about, the region's future. The United States, by virtue of Alaska, is an Arctic...

Introduction.(Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress)(Brief article)
April 1, 2011... The diminishment of Arctic sea ice has led to increased human activities in the Arctic, and has heightened interest in, and concerns about, the region's future. Issues such as Arctic sovereignty claims; commercial shipping through the Arctic;...

Background. Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress.(Definition)(Report)
April 1, 2011... Definitions of the Arctic There are multiple definitions of the Arctic that result in differing descriptions of the land and sea areas encompassed by the term. Policy discussions of the Arctic can employ varying definitions of the region, and...

Issues for Congress.(Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress)
April 1, 2011... Climate Change and Loss of Arctic Sea Ice (27) Record low extent of Arctic sea ice in 2007 focused scientific and policy attention on its linkage to global climate change, and to the implications of projected ice-free (28) seasons in the...

CRS reports on specific arctic-related issues.(Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress)
April 1, 2011... CRS Report RL34266, Climate Change: Science Highlights, by Jane A. Leggett CRS Report RS21890, The U.N. Law of the Sea Convention and the United States: Developments Since October 2003, by Marjorie Ann Browne CRS Report RL32838, Arctic...

Appendixes.(Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress)
April 1, 2011... Appendix A. Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (Title I of P.L. 98-373) The text of the Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 (Title I of P.L. 98-373 of July 31, 1984 (190)) is as follows: TITLE I--ARCTIC RESEARCH AND POLICY SHORT...

Turkey-U.S. defense cooperation: prospects and challenges.(Company overview)
April 1, 2011... Contents Introduction: Issues for Congress Overview of Cooperation Background Turkey's Importance to U.S. National Security Cooperation During the Obama Administration In General On Libya and NATO's Role Military's...

Sudan: the crisis in Darfur and status of the North-South peace agreement.(Report)
April 1, 2011... April 8, 2011 Contents Recent Developments South Sudan and Abyei Referenda Unresolved CPA Issues Status of Abyei Border Demarcation, Citizenship Rights, and Other Issues Preparation for Independence The April...

African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870-2011.(Statistical data)
April 1, 2011... April 8, 2011 Summary There are 44 African American Members serving in the 112th Congress, all in the House of Representatives. There have been 132 African American Members of Congress: 126 have been elected to the House; five have been...

Introduction.(African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870-2011)(Statistical data)
April 1, 2011... One hundred thirty-two African Americans have served in the U.S. Congress: 126 in the House and six in the Senate. (1) Of these, 31 have been women. A record 44 African American Members (all in the House, including two delegates) serve in the...

African American Members in leadership positions.(African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870-2011)
April 1, 2011... Representative James E. Clyburn (D-SC, 1993-present), the House assistant minority leader in the 112th Congress, served as the House majority whip in the 110th- 111th Congresses, and as vice chair of the House Democratic Caucus in the 108th and...

Congressional Black Caucus (CBC).(African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870-2011)
April 1, 2011... The Congressional Black Caucus (CBC) traces its origins to the start of the 91st Congress in January 1969 when Representative Charles Diggs (MI) brought together the other African American Members of the House to form the Democratic Select...

Tables and data.(African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870-2011)(Brief article)
April 1, 2011... This section of the report provides tabular information on African American Members of Congress, including the Congresses in which they served, the committees, on which they served, and an indication of the committees they chaired or co-chaired,...

Alphabetical listing of African American Members, selected biographical information, and committee assignments during their tenure in office.(African American Members of the United States Congress: 1870-2011)(Directory)
April 1, 2011... Alphabetical Listing of African American Members, Selected Biographical Information, and Committee Assignments During Their Tenure in Office BALLANCE, FRANK W. Jr., a Representative from North Carolina. Born on February 15, 1942. Elected as a...

Japan's 2011 earthquake and tsunami: food and agriculture implications.
April 1, 2011... April 13, 2011 Contents Introduction Japan's Food Industry Production Trade Policy Priorities Initial Damage Assessment Potential Production Losses Potential Radioactive Contamination Possible Global Implications ...

France: Factors shaping foreign policy, and issues in U.S.-French relations.(Report)
April 1, 2011... April 14, 2011 Contents Introduction Current Domestic Context Religion and the State: Laicite and the debate over the role of Islam in French society., Factors Shaping French Foreign Policy A Global Perspective ...

ATPA renewal: background and issues.(Andean Trade Preference Act)(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents ATPA Overview U.S. Trade with Andean Countries U.S. Trade with Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru U.S. ATPA Imports ATPA Impact Possible Sectoral Effects Effects of Bolivia's Suspension under ATPA Policy Implications ...

The U.N. Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW): Issues in the U.S. Ratification Debate
April 1, 2011... April 15, 2011 Contents Introduction Background and Structure Objectives The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women Optional Protocol U.S. Actions Obama Administration Position Previous Administration Positions ...

The depreciating dollar: economic effects and policy response.(Report)
April 1, 2011... April 15, 2011 Contents Introduction Broad Economic Forces That Affect the Dollar Determinants of the Size and Direction of Cross-Border Asset Flows Interest Rate Differentials Between the United States and Other Economies ...

Political transition in Tunisia.(Report)
April 1, 2011... April 15, 2011 Contents Recent Developments New Prime Minister and Transition "Road Map" Reform Efforts Security Concerns Tunisia's "Jasmine Revolution" Relations with the United States The U.S. Response to Recent Events U.S....

Kenya: current conditions and the challenges ahead.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Most Recent Developments The International Criminal Court (ICC) Cases The New Constitution U.S.-Kenya Relations: Issues Southern Sudan Weapons in Kenya U.S. Assistance South Sudan Weapons in Kenya U.S. Assistance ...

Effects of radiation from Fukushima Daiichi on the U.S. marine environment.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Situation Concerns Are There Implications for U.S. Seafood Safety? How Likely Is It That Radiation Will Reach U.S. Marine Waters, Through Either Ocean Currents or Atmospheric Transport? What Are the Likely Responses If...

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: political developments and implications for U.S. interests.
April 1, 2011... Contents Most Recent Developments Background Overview of U.S. Policy Concerns Regional Responses After the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks on the United States Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan Azerbaijan and...

Afghanistan: post-Taliban governance, security, and U.S. policy.
April 1, 2011... April 15, 2011 Summary Stated U.S. policy is to ensure that Afghanistan will not again become a base for terrorist attacks against the United States. Following three policy reviews on Afghanistan, the latest in December 2010, the Obama...

Background.(Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy)
April 1, 2011... Afghanistan has a history of a high degree of decentralization, and resistance to foreign invasion and occupation. Some have termed it the "graveyard of empires." From Early History to the 19th Century Alexander the Great conquered what is...

Post-Taliban nation-building efforts.(Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy)
April 1, 2011... With Afghanistan devastated after more than 20 years of warfare by the time of the 2001 fall of the Taliban regime, there were questions about the extent of a U.S. and international commitment to Afghanistan. Taking the view that leaving the...

Security policy and force capacity building.(Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy)
April 1, 2011... Although the formal Obama Administration policy is to prevent Afghanistan from again becoming a safe haven for global terrorism, the U.S. definition of "success" of the stabilization mission in Afghanistan is to help build up an Afghan...

Regional dimension.(Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy)
April 1, 2011... Most of Afghanistan's neighbors believed that the fall of the Taliban would stabilize the region, but Islamist militants have not only continued to challenge the Afghan government but have also battled the government of Pakistan and have...

U.S. and international aid to Afghanistan and economic development issues.(Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy)
April 1, 2011... Some experts have long believed that accelerating economic development would do more to improve the security situation than any amount of combat. This belief appears to constitute a major element of Obama Administration policy, although some...

Residual issues from past conflicts.(Afghanistan: Post-Taliban Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy)
April 1, 2011... A few issues remain unresolved from Afghanistan's many years of conflict, such as Stinger retrieval and mine eradication. Stinger Retrieval Beginning in late 1985 following internal debate, the Reagan Administration provided about 2,000...

The proposed U.S.-Panama free trade agreement.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Background and Recent Developments Labor Code Amendments Tax Transparency Panama's Canal and Economic Relations with the United States Early U.S.-Panama Economic Relations The Canal and U.S. Trade Policy Panamanian Trade...

The New START Treaty: Central Limits and Key Provisions
April 1, 2011... Contents Introduction Central Limits and Key Provisions Central Limits Limits on Delivery Vehicles Limits on Warheads Conversion and Elimination ICBM Launchers Mobile ICBM launchers SLBM Launchers Heavy...

Jordan: background and U.S. relations.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Unrest in Jordan Dissent from within the King's Tribal Base Youth-Driven Protests and Islamists The King's Dilemma Country Overview Domestic Politics and the Economy The Hashemite Royal Family Parliament, Constitution,...

Panama: political and economic conditions and U.S. relations.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Recent Developments Political and Economic Conditions From the Endara to the Torrijos Administration Endara Government (1989-1994) Perez Balladares Government (1994-1999) Moscoso Government (1999-2004) ...

Nuclear cooperation with other countries: a primer.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents What Is a "Section 123" Agreement? Requirements Under the Atomic Energy Act Exempted vs. Non-exempted Agreements Congressional Review Export Licensing Subsequent Arrangements Examples of Subsequent Arrangements U.S.-Japan...

Lobbying registration and disclosure: before and after the enactment of the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Statutory Registration and Disclosure Provisions 1946 Act Registration Disclosure Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 Registration Disclosure Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 ...

Kuwait: security, reform, and U.S. policy.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Kuwaiti Government Changes and Political Reform Government-National Assembly Disputes 2008 Crisis and Election 2009 Election and Further Political Crises 2010-2011 Parliamentary Session: Disputes Expand Broader...

Securing nuclear materials: the 2010 summit and issues for congress.(Nuclear Security Summit )(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Introduction The 2010 Summit Summit Outcomes What Is "Nuclear Security"? Challenges to Achieving the Four-Year Goal Domestic Nuclear Security Measures Multilateral Efforts to Improve Nuclear Security The IAEA and Nuclear...

Reaching the debt limit: background and potential effects on government operations.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Federal Government Debt and the Debt Limit The Debt Limit and the Treasury Past Treasury Actions to Postpone Reaching the Debt Limit Current Treasury Actions in 2011 Surrounding the Debt Limit Potential Implications of Reaching...

Piracy off the Horn of Africa.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Recent Developments Background Piracy off the Horn of Africa: Profile The Pirates Motives Tactics and Demands Ransom v. Rescue: Considerations Regarding the Use of Force Piracy off the Horn of Africa:...

Syria: issues for the 112th Congress and background on U.S. sanctions.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Uprising and Crackdown in Syria Overview: Syria's Changing Political Landscape and Repercussions For U.S. Policy Background Recent Developments Dara'a March 30: Asad's Speech April 2011: Regime Brutally...

Intelligence issues for Congress.(Report)
April 1, 2011... Contents Most Recent Developments Background and Analysis Intelligence Community Authorization Legislation The "INTs": Intelligence Disciplines Other "INTs" Integrating the "INTs" Intelligence Budget Process The 9/11...