American Zoologist articles from December 1999

American Zoologist archives from December 1999

Stress Proteins in Mammalian Hibernation(1).
December 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION In response to stressful stimuli, cells increase synthesis of one or more families of stress proteins. These highly conserved proteins enhance cell survival by reducing the accumulation of damaged or abnormal polypeptides...

Adaptive Significance of a Small Heat Shock/[Alpha]-Crystallin Protein (p26) in Encysted Embryos of the Brine Shrimp, Artemia franciscana(1).
December 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION In the context of resistence to environmental stress, the brine shrimp Artemia qualifies as a "Krogh animal," based on the famous physiologist August Krogh's statement that "For a large number of problems there will be some...

Heat Shock as a Regular Feature of the Life Cycle of Leishmania Parasites(1).
December 1, 1999... THE IMPACT OF LEISHMANIA PARASITES AS PATHOGENS Leishmania infections are major health problems in large parts of the world. According to WHO figures (WHO, 1990), more than 1.8 million humans are infected with one of the pathogenic...

Organismal, Ecological, and Evolutionary Aspects of Heat-Shock Proteins and the Stress Response: Established Conclusions and Unresolved Issues(1).
December 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION All organisms are critically dependent on proteins for maintenance, growth, reproduction, and the synthesis of other essential biomolecules. In turn, the biologically relevant function of proteins is critically dependent on...

Small Heat Shock Proteins Protect Electron Transport in Chloroplasts and Mitochondria During Stress(1).
December 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Small Hsps Most small Hsps range in size from 15-35 kD, are related to the [Alpha]-crystallin proteins, and share a highly evolutionarily conserved domain referred to as the "heat-shock domain" (Vierling, 1991; Arrigo and...

Heat Shock Responses of Closely Related Species of Tropical and Desert Fish(1).
December 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Small, livebearing fishes in the genus Poeciliopsis occupy thermally distinct habitats that range from Columbia through tropical Central America to the Sonora Desert of northwestern Mexico and southern Arizona. Some species...

Ecologically Relevant Variation in Induction and Function of Heat Shock Proteins in Marine Organisms(1).
December 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Although the pursuit of the ecological meaning of heat shock proteins (Hsps) is well underway, there are numerous challenges that await the integrative and ecological physiologist (Feder and Hofmann, 1999). It is well...

Heat Shock Proteins and Physiological Stress in Fish(1).
December 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Fish are exposed to biological and abiotic stressors in the wild, as well as in captivity. Environmental pollutants, disease, and various aspects of intensive aquaculture are some examples of those stressors. Fish also can...

Evolution of Thermotolerance and Variation in the Heat Shock Protein, Hsp70(1).
December 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Expression of Hsp70 and related Hsps is nearly universal, and these proteins are conserved across all organismal kingdoms (Lindquist, 1986). These protein families, therefore, must have appeared early in cell evolution, and...

Evolution of Senescence: Longevity and the Expression of Heat Shock Proteins(1).
December 1, 1999... Senescence occurs in natural populations of animals where it affects reproduction as well as age-specific survival (Gaillard et al., 1994; Newton and Rothery, 1997; Nichols et al., 1997; Packer et al., 1998). Recently the tools of molecular...

Chimpanzee and Red Colobus.(Review)
December 1, 1999... Chimpanzee and Red Colobus. The Ecology of Predator and Prey. CRAIG B. STANFORD. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA., 1998, xvii + 296 pp. Cloth: $35.00. Foreword by Richard Wrangham. ISBN: 0-674-11667-4. "Never have so many owed so...

Untangling Ecological Complexity: The Macroscopic Perspective.(Review)
December 1, 1999... Untangling Ecological Complexity: The Macroscopic Perspective. BRIAN A. MAURER. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1999. 251 p. ISBN 0-226-51133-2 (paper). The struggle to identify the proper spatial and temporal scale for understanding...