American Criminal Law Review articles from March 2007

American Criminal Law Review archives from March 2007

Behind the scenes of the Enron trial: creating the decisive moments.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION: CHALLENGES POSED BY THE SKILLING AND LAY INVESTIGATIONS As the trial of Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling loomed in early 2006, (1) prosecutors struggled with fundamental weaknesses that we knew might lead to acquittals....

Antitrust violations.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Conspiracy B. Restraint of Trade C. Interstate Nexus D. Intent III. DEFENSES A. Withdrawal from Conspiracy B. Statute of Limitations C. Double Jeopardy...

Computer crimes.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION A. Defining Computer Crime B. Types of Computer-Related Offenses II. FEDERAL APPROACHES A. Federal Criminal Code 1. National Information Infrastructure Protection Act of ...

Corporate criminal liability.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. THE LAW OF CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY A. Corporations are Only Liable for the Acts of Employees if the Employees are Acting Within the Scope and Nature of Their Employment B. A...

Employment-related crimes.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. WORKER SAFETY A. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1. Employer's Willful Violation of Standard Causing Death. a. Elements of the Offense i. Employer ii. Willful...

Environmental crimes.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION A. Criminal versus Civil Penalties B. Enforcement C. Interaction with Other Criminal Violations II. GENERAL ISSUES A. Overview of Elements of Environmental Criminal Violations B. Liability ...

False statements and false claims.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. FALSE STATEMENTS A. Elements of a [section] 1001 Offense 1. Statements or Concealments 2. Falsity 3. Materiality 4. Intent 5. Jurisdiction ...

Federal criminal conspiracy.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Agreement B. Illegal Goal C. Knowledge, Intent, and Participation D. Overt Act III. DEFENSES A. Statute of Limitations B. Variance C. Multiplicitous...

Financial institutions fraud.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. BANK FRAUD STATUTE A. Purpose and Scope B. Elements of the Offense 1. Knowledge 2. Executes or Attempts to Execute 3. Scheme or Artifice 4. To...

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. ACCOUNTING PROVISIONS A. Covered Parties B. Elements of the Accounting Provisions 1. Record-keeping 2. Internal Controls C. Criminal Liability III. ANTI-BRIBERY...

Health care fraud.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. STATUTES ADDRESSING MEDICARE AND MEDICAID FRAUD A. Medicaid False Claims Statute 1. Elements of the Offense a. Statement of Material Fact b. False Representation c....

Intellectual property crimes.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. THEFT OF TRADE SECRETS A. Economic Espionage Act of 1996 1. Definition of Trade Secret 2. Elements of the Criminal Offenses a. Economic Espionage b. Theft of...

Mail and wire fraud.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Scheme to Defraud B. Intent to Defraud C. Mailing in Furtherance of a Scheme to Defraud 1. Causing the Mails and/or Wires to Be Used 2. The "In...

Money laundering.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. OVERVIEW OF THE STATUTE A. Section 1956 1. Transaction Money Laundering 2. Transportation Money Laundering 3. Sting Operations B. Section 1957 III. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSES ...

Obstruction of justice.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE: THE OMNIBUS PROVISION A. Scope of [section] 1503 B. Elements of a [section] 1503 Offense 1. Pending Judicial Proceedings 2. Knowledge of Pending Proceeding ...

Perjury.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION A. Section 1621: False Testimony Generally B. Section 1623: False Testimony to Court or Grand Jury C. Section 1622: Subornation of Perjury II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Oath B. Intent...

Public corruption.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. BRIBERY AND ILLEGAL GRATUITY A. Elements of the Bribery and Illegal Gratuity Offenses 1. Thing of Value 2. Public Official or Witness 3. Official Act 4. Intent ...

Racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Two or More Predicate Acts of Racketeering Activity B. Pattern C. Enterprise 1. Types of Enterprises 2. Proving the Enterprise 3. Person-Enterprise Rule ...

Securities fraud.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Material Misrepresentations and Omissions 1. Misstatements and Omissions a. Entanglement Liability 2. Materiality 3. Intent a....

Tax violations.(Twenty-Second Annual Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2007... I. INTRODUCTION II. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS UNDER I.R.C. [section][section] 7201, 7202, 7203, 7206, AND 7212(A) A. Policies and Procedures of IRS Investigations 1. Purposes of IRS Investigations 2. Policies...