American Criminal Law Review articles from March 2004

American Criminal Law Review archives from March 2004

Train wreck? Or can the federal sentencing system be saved? A plea for rapid reversal of Blakely v. Washington.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. BLAKELY V. WASHINGTON AND THE FEDERAL SENTENCING GUIDELINES II. "CRISIS? WHAT CRISIS?" III. BLAKELY IN THE FEDERAL COURTS, SO FAR A. Blakely Does Not Apply to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines B. The Federal...

Antitrust violations.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Conspiracy B. Restraint of Trade C. Interstate Nexus D. Intent III. DEFENSES A. Withdrawal from Conspiracy B. Statute of Limitations C. Double...

Computer crimes.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... COMPUTER CRIMES I. INTRODUCTION A. Defining Computer Crime B. Types of Computer-Related Offenses II. FEDERAL APPROACHES A. Federal Criminal Code 1. National Information Infrastructure Protection Act of 1996 ...

Corporate criminal liability.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. THE LAW OF CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY A. Corporations are Only Liable for the Acts of Employees if the Employees are Acting Within the Scope and Nature of Their Employment B. A Corporation...

Employment-related crimes.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. WORKER SAFETY A. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1. Employer's Willful Violation of Standard Causing Death a. Elements of the Offense i. Employer ii....

Environmental crimes.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION A. Criminal versus Civil Penalties B. Enforcement C. Interaction with Other Criminal Violations II. GENERAL ISSUES A. Overview of Elements of Environmental Criminal Violations ...

False claims.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION A. 31 U.S.C. [subsection] 3729-3733 B. 18 U.S.C. [section] 287 II. ELEMENTS OF A 18 U.S.C. [section] 287 OFFENSE A. Presentation of a Claim B. False, Fictitious, or Fraudulent Claims C....

False statements.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Statements or Concealments B. Falsity C. Materiality D. Intent E. Jurisdiction III. DEFENSES A. Exculpatory "No". B. Ambiguity C. Double Jeopardy...

Federal criminal conflict of interest.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. BRIBERY AND ILLEGAL GRATUITY A. Elements of the Bribery and Illegal Gratuity Offenses 1. Thing of Value 2. Public Official 3. Official Act 4. Intent a. Bribery...

Federal criminal conspiracy.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Agreement B. Illegal Goal C. Knowledge, Intent, and Participation D. Overt Act III. DEFENSES A. Statute of Limitations B. Variance C....

Federal food and drug act violations.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION This article describes the elements of criminal violations of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act ("FDCA" or the "Act"). (1) In 1938, Congress enacted the FDCA pursuant to its constitutional authority to regulate interstate...

Financial institution fraud.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION This article reviews the development and application of three federal criminal statutes that govern offenses by or against financial institutions. Section II analyzes the Bank Fraud Statute, which targets fraud against...

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. (Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. ACCOUNTING PROVISIONS A. Covered Parties B. Elements of the Accounting Provisions 1. Record-keeping 2. Internal Controls C. Criminal Liability III. ANTI-BRIBERY...

Health care fraud.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. STATUTES ADDRESSING MEDICARE AND MEDICAID FRAUD A. Medicaid False Claims Statute 1. Elements of the Offense a. Statement of Material Fact b. False Representation c....

Intellectual property crimes.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. THEFT OF TRADE SECRETS A. Economic Espionage Act of 1996 1. Definition of Trade Secret 2. Elements of the Criminal Offenses a. Economic Espionage b. Theft of...

Mail and wire fraud.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Scheme to Defraud 1. Traditional Frauds 2. Fraud Involving Intangible Rights B. Intent to Defraud C. Mailing in Furtherance of a Scheme to Defraud ...

Money laundering.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. OVERVIEW OF THE STATUTE A. Section 1956 1. Transaction Money Laundering 2. Transportation Money Laundering 3. Sting Operations B. Section 1957 III. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSES ...

Obstruction of justice.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE: THE OMNIBUS PROVISION A. Scope of [section] 1503 B. Elements of a [section] 1503 Offense 1. Pending Judicial Proceedings 2. Knowledge of Pending Proceeding ...

Perjury.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION A. Section 1621: False Testimony Generally B. Section 1623: False Testimony to Court or Grand Jury C. Section 1622: Subornation of Perjury II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Oath B. Intent...

Procedural issues.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. INITIATION OF PROSECUTION A. The Grand Jury 1. Standard of Review for Grand Jury Error 2. Prosecutorial Misconduct B. Discovery 1. Rule 16 2. Jencks Act 3....

Racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Two or More Predicate Acts of Racketeering Activity B. Pattern C. Enterprise 1. Types of Enterprises 2. Proving the Enterprise 3....

Securities fraud.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Substantive Fraud 1. Material Misrepresentations and Omissions a. Misstatements and Omissions b. Materiality c. Intent ...

Tax violations.(Survey of White Collar Crime)
March 22, 2004... I. INTRODUCTION II. CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS UNDER I.R.C. [subsection] 7201, 7202, 7203, 7206, AND 7212(A) A. Policies and Procedures of IRS Investigations 1. Purposes of IRS Investigations 2. Policies ...