American Criminal Law Review articles from January 1997

American Criminal Law Review archives from January 1997

Globalization and the federal prosecution of white collar crime.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION Legal literature on the federalization of criminal law has grown significantly in the last two years.(1) Noteworthy in this discussion are references to increases in the number of federal crimes,(2) the number of...

Internal corporate investigations: the waiver of attorney-client privilege and work-product protection through voluntary disclosures to the government.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. INTERNAL INVESTIGATIONS AND WAIVER ISSUES III. MINORITY APPROACHES: "SELECTIVE WAIVER AND "SELF CRITICAL ANALYSIS A. Diversified Industries, Inc. v. Meredith and "Limited Waiver" B. "Self-Critical" Privilege...

Antitrust violations.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Conspiracy B. Restraint of Trade C. Interstate Nexus D. Intent III. DEFENSES A. Withdrawal from Conspiracy B. Statute of Limitations C. Double Jeopardy D....

Computer crimes.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION A. Defining Computer Crime B. Types of Computer-Related Offenses II. FEDERAL APPROACHES A. Federal Criminal Code 1. Computer Abuse Amendments Act of 1994 a. Offenses Under the Statute ...

Corporate criminal liability.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. CORPORATE CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR AGENT ACTION A. Scope of Employment B. For the Benefit of the Corporation C. Significance of the Agent's Employment Status 1. Common Law Standard 2. Model Penal...

Employment-related crimes.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. WORKER SAFETY A. Occupational Safety and Health Act 1. Employer's Willful Violation of Standard Causes Death a. Elements of the Offense i. Employer ii. Willful Violation ...

Environmental crimes.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. COMMON ISSUES A. Liability 1. Corporate 2. Responsible Corporate Officer Doctrine B. Common Defenses 1. Constitutional Defenses 2. Other Defenses C. Sentencing Issues ...

False claims.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION A. 31 U.S.C. Sections 3729-3733 B. 18 U.S.C. Section 287 II.ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Presentation of a Claim B. False, Fictitious, or Fraudulent Claims C. Knowledge D. Materiality III. DEFENSES...

False statements.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Statements B. Falsity C. Materiality D. Intent E. Jurisdiction III. DEFENSES A. Exculpatory "No" B. Ambiguity C. Double Jeopardy D. Multiplicity of...

Federal criminal conflict of interest.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. BRIBERY AND ILLEGAL GRATUITIES A. Elements of the Bribery Offense 1. Thing of Value 2. Federal Public Official 3. Corrupt Intent 4. Influence of a Public Official 5. Official Act...

Federal criminal conspiracy.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE. A. Agreement B. Illegal Goal C. Knowledge, Intent, and Participation D. Overt Act III. DEFENSES A. Statute of Limitations B. Insufficiency of the Indictment C....

Federal Food and Drug Act violations.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. Elements of the Offense A. Statutory Elements 1. Food, Drug, Cosmetic, or Device 2. Adulterated or Misbranded 3. Delivery or Transportation into Interstate Commerce B. "Responsible Relation"...

Financial institutions fraud.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. BANK FRAUD: [sections] 1344 A. Scope B. Elements of the Offense 1. Knowledge 2. Executes or Attempts to Execute 3. Scheme or Artifice 4. To Defraud or Obtain Monies by False or...

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. ACCOUNTING PROVISIONS A. Affected Parties B. Elements of the Offense 1. Record-keeping 2. Internal Controls C. Intent D. Affirmative Defenses E. Enforcement III. ANTI-BRIBERY...

Health care fraud.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. PROSECUTING MEDICARE AND MEDICAID FRAUD WITH GENERAL FEDERAL STATUTES A. Traditional Fraud Statutes 1. False Claims a. Elements of the Offense i. Presentation of a Claim ...

Intellectual property.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. THEFT OF TRADE SECRETS A. National Stolen Property Act. 1. Transported in Interstate Commerce 2. Goods, Wares or Merchandise. 3. Minimum Value of $5,000 4. Stolen, Converted or Taken by...

Mail & wire fraud.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Scheme to Defraud 1. Traditional Frauds 2. Fraud Involving Intangible Rights B. Intent to Defraud C. Mailing in Furtherance of a Scheme 1. Causing the Mails...

Money laundering.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. OVERVIEW OF THE STATUTE A. Section 1956 1. Transaction Money Laundering 2. Transportation Money Laundering 3. Sting Operations B. Section 1957 III. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE. A....

Obstruction of justice.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. OBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE; THE OMNIBUS PROVISION A. Scope of Section 1503 B. Elements of the Offense 1. Pending Proceedings 2. Knowledge and Intent 3. Interference or Attempt to Interfere ...

Organizational sentencing.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION: SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL GUIDELINES II. GUIDELINES PROVISIONS: OFFENSES COVERED AND SANCTIONS PERMITTED A. Remedial Measures B. Probation C. Imposition of Fines 1. Base Offense Level ...

Perjury.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION A. False Testimony Generally: 18 U.S.C. [sections] 1621 B. False Testimony to Court or Grand Jury: 18 U.S. C. [sections] 1623 C. Comparison of 18 U.S.C. [sections] 1621 and 18 U.S.C. [sections] 1623: Key...

Procedural issues.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. INITIATION OF PROSECUTION A. The Grand Jury 1. Standard of Review for Grand Jury Error 2. Prosecutorial Misconduct B. Document Production 1. Fifth Amendment Aspects of Document Production...

Racketeer influenced and corrupt organizations.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Two or More Predicate Acts of Rackeetering Activity B. Pattern C. Enterprise 1. Types of Enterprises 2. Proving the Enterprise 3. Person-Enterprise Rule ...

Securities fraud.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. ELEMENTS OF THE OFFENSE A. Substantive Fraud 1. Material Omissions and Misrepresentations a. Misstatements and Omissions b. Materiality c. Scienter d. Reliance ...

Tax evasion.(Twelfth Survey of White Collar Crime)
January 1, 1997... I. INTRODUCTION II. IRC SECTION 7201 A. Elements 1. Existence of a Tax Deficiency 2. Affirmative Act Constituting Evasion 3. Willfulness B. Defenses 1. Lack of Deficiency 2. Lack of...