Journal of International Affairs articles from March 1999

Journal of International Affairs archives from March 1999

Editors' Foreword.
March 22, 1999... For Justice is one; it binds all human society and is based on one Law, which is right reason applied to command and prohibition. Whoever knows not this Law, whether it has been recorded in writing anywhere or not, is without Justice.(1) ...

The Pursuit of International Justice: Present Dilemmas and An Imagined Future.
March 22, 1999... Obstacles of an ideological and structural character complicate the pursuit of international justice during this early phase of globalization. At the same time, several developments associated with globalization are encouraging to those...

Beyond the Presidency: International Influence and the Pursuit of Justice.(Interview)
March 22, 1999... Jimmy Carter Thirty-ninth President of the United States Interviewed on 13 November 1998 by S. Austin Merril and Talya Tibbon for the Journal of International Affairs The Pursuit of justice is the craft of both institutions and...

A Prosecutor's Personal Account: From Nuremberg to Rome.
March 22, 1999... The Nuremberg trials in 1946 were the beginning of a process that sought to apply the rule of law to protect fundamental human rights of people everywhere. As a prosecutor at Nuremberg, I peered into the eyes of remorseless murderers--many of...

Institutions of International Justice.
March 22, 1999... The year 1998 was a watershed in efforts to create an international architecture capable of responding to massive or systematic violations of basic human rights. In July of that year, some 120 nations came together to create the governing...

NGOs and Human Rights: Sources of Justice and Democracy.
March 22, 1999... The United Nations-based system of universal human rights is one of the major achievements of this century Codified in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it provides a normative framework as well as a source of inspiration for achieving...

International Institutions and Gendered Justice.
March 22, 1999... In the five years since the World Conference on Human Rights affirmed that women's rights are a basic component of the human rights enterprise,(1) activists and human rights agencies have been struggling to make the conference's promise a...

Distributing the Gains: Justice and International Trade.
March 22, 1999... This article provides a normative assessment of the international trade regime. It analyzes the question of distributive justice: that is, how the gains from trade get distributed both within and between countries. Following John Rawls, I...

Multinational Enterprises and the Prospects for Justice.
March 22, 1999... One of the defining features of the modern era is the spread of business enterprises across international borders. Markets once considered peripheral or exotic are now often viewed as integral to a firm's success; and a global corps of...

International Justice and the Global Environment.
March 22, 1999... A body of international law requiring sovereign states to regulate behavior that affects the environment has not yet been well-developed. In light of this, some states claim that they have complete and independent authority over deciding if and...

"Neutrality" and the Absence of Reckoning: A Journalist's Account.
March 22, 1999... On the putrid afternoon of 5 August 1992, I stumbled into Omarska, as a reporter for the Guardian of London, along with a crew from the Independent Television Network (ITN). It was said we had "discovered" Omarska, but this was an inaccurate...

Responding to Rwanda: Accountability Mechanisms in the Aftermath of Genocide.
March 22, 1999... After the, Nazi Holocaust, the world community pledged "never gain." Yet the 50 years that have followed the Nuremberg trials have been a golden age of impunity as over 170 million civilians have been killed by their own governments without any...

The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda: A Report from the Field.
March 22, 1999... On 6 April 1994 a plane carrying the president of Rwanda was shot down on its approach into his country s capital, Kigali. The president, Juvenal Habyarimana, was a member of the Hutu ethnic group, one of three principal ethnic groups residing...

Dilemmas of Transitional Justice: The Case of South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
March 22, 1999... After almost three years of work, South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) delivered its final report to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. The delivery occurred amid considerable controversy as both former President...

Beyond Punishment: Justice in the Wake of Massive Crimes in Argentina.
March 22, 1999... "The history of power politics is nothing but the history of international crime and mass murder (including, it is true, some of the attempts to suppress them)." Karl Popper(1) In Argentina, between 1976 and 1983, thousands of people...

Elusive Justice for the Victims of the Khmer Rouge.
March 22, 1999... The theme of international justice suggests a range of both abstract concepts regarding how nations and individuals are held accountable as well as the institutions by which this process is accomplished. In this article, I will focus on the...

Northern Ireland: A Promising or Partisan Peace?
March 22, 1999... Despite the continuing difficulties of the April 1998 Good Friday Agreement--which for the first time allowed all the involved constituencies a voice and a role in the future of Northern Ireland--there is still a degree of optimism in the...

Are Sanctions Just? The Problematic Case of Iraq.
March 22, 1999... When seeking to uphold the norms of justice, the international community often utilizes the instrument of economic sanctions. Since the end of the Cold War, sanctions have become a frequent instrument of United Nations authority. The U.N....

Reconciling Order and Justice? New Institutional Solutions in Post-Conflict States.
March 22, 1999... From the killing fields of Cambodia to the Dirty War in Argentina, from apartheid to the Nazi genocide, from Nyarubuye in Rwanda to Srebenica--these words symbolize the capacity for what the philosopher Emmanuel Kant called radical evil."(1) In...

Challenging the Conventional Wisdom: Another View of the International Criminal Court.
March 22, 1999... Very little has excited the international legal and human rights communities as much in recent years as the prospect of establishing an international criminal court. On 17 July 1998 a statute for such a court was adopted in Rome by an...

Policy Perspectives Favoring the Establishment of the International Criminal Court.
March 22, 1999... The First World War was called "the war to end all wars." However, a short time later, the world again found itself in conflict. After the horrors of the Second World War were revealed, a new promise emerged: "never again." Since then, some 250...

Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History After Genocide and Mass Violence.(Review)
March 22, 1999... Between Vengeance and Forgivenss: Facing History After Genocide and Mass Violence Martha Minow (Boston: Beacon Press, 1998) 192 pp. As the journey into South Africa's past began in April 1996, the cries of Nomonde Calata pierced the air....

The Warrior's Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience.(Review)
March 22, 1999... The Warrior's Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience Michael Ignatieff (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1998) 224 pp. Michael Ignatieff's recent book, The Warrior's Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience is an informative and...

Zones of Peace in the Third World: South America and West Africa in Comparative Perspective.(Review)
March 22, 1999... Zones of Peace in the Third World: South America and West Africa in Comparative Perspective Arie M. Kacowicz (New York: State University of New York Press, 1998) 267 pp. While international relations scholars have traditionally devoted...

What Women Do in Wartime: Gender and Conflict in Africa.(Review)
March 22, 1999... What Women Do in Wartime: Gender and Conflict in Africa Meredeth Turshen and Clotilde Twagiramariya, eds. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998) 224 pp. This collection of essays examines the treatment of women during post-Second World War...

The Brink of Peace: The Israeli-Syrian Negotiations.(Review)
March 22, 1999... The Brink of Peace: The Israeli-Syrian Negotiations Itamar Rabinovich (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998) 283 pp. The strained history of Arab-Israeli peacemaking reveals that reconciliation became possible only when the parties...

Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru 1980-1995.(Review)
March 22, 1999... Shining and Other Paths: War and Society in Peru 1980-1995 Steve J. Stern, Editor (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1998) 534 pp. From 1970 to the present, Latin America has witnessed the birth and rebirth of revolutionary movements, the...