International Family Planning Perspectives articles from June 2006

International Family Planning Perspectives archives from June 2006

In this issue.
June 1, 2006... Current public health and social science research often focuses on populations characterized as being "at risk" of negative outcomes. Yet the conditions that make them vulnerable to these outcomes are frequently left unstated and may not apply...

HIV risk elevated in early syphilis infection.(Brief article)
June 1, 2006... Individuals who become infected with syphilis may have a temporarily increased risk of acquiring HIV. (1) According to a prospective study conducted between 1993 and 2000 in Pune, India, 172 of 2,324 men and women attending STI clinics who...

Misperceptions lead to failed breast-feeding.(Brief article)
June 1, 2006... Many new mothers cite insufficient breast milk as the reason for not following international recommendations to breastfeed infants exclusively for the first six months and then feed them breast milk with supplementary food until at least age...

Time to adjust ICPD cost estimates.(International Conference on Population and Development )(Brief article)
June 1, 2006... The estimated annual funding required to implement the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action needs to be substantially increased, according to a research commentary published by the policy...

Gender norms and HIV risk among drug users.(Brief article)
June 1, 2006... Female intravenous drug users may engage in higher levels of HIV risk behaviors than their male counterparts, according to a community-based study conducted in 2003-2004 in a medium-sized city in China's Sichuan Province. (1) Compared with male...

Water arsenic levels linked to stillbirths.(Brief article)
June 1, 2006... Exposure to high levels of arsenic during pregnancy increases a woman's risk of having a stillbirth, according to a study conducted in 2001-2003 in West Bengal, India. (1) The 202 married women aged 20-40 who participated reported 660...

Resistant HIV detected after nevirapine dose.(Brief article)
June 1, 2006... As part of a prospective study of mother-to-child HIV transmission conducted in Soweto, South Africa, 22 pregnant HIV-positive women underwent blood tests before and 2-12 months after receiving a single dose of the anti-retroviral drug...

Cost-effective ways to reduce child mortality.
June 1, 2006... Micronutrient fortification, measles immunization, case management of pneumonia and oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea are the most cost-effective interventions developing countries can use to achieve the millennium development goal of...

Parental support and sex.(UPDATE)(Brief article)
June 1, 2006... Adolescent females in El Salvador who reported feeling that their parents were not very supportive of them had elevated odds of being sexually experienced; however, the same was not true for their male counterparts. (1) More than one-quarter of...

Partnership dynamics and sexual health risks among male adolescents in the favelas of Recife, Brazil.
June 1, 2006... CONTEXT: Adolescents' past and current partnerships influence their sexual health risks. Males' responsibilities and needs in terms of sexual health have long received less attention than females'. It is important to examine male adolescent...

Provider and health facility influences on contraceptive adoption in urban Pakistan.
June 1, 2006... CONTEXT: Although the vast majority of Pakistani women are familiar with family planning methods, use of contraceptives remains low. Identifying the characteristics of family planning providers and health facilities that are associated with...

Protecting young women from HIV/AIDS: the case against child and adolescent marriage.
June 1, 2006... CONTEXT: In most developing countries, the majority of sexually active female adolescents are married. Although married adolescents are often assumed to be at low risk for HIV infection, little is known about the actual HIV risks these...

Health care providers' knowledge of, attitudes toward and provision of emergency contraceptives in Lagos, Nigeria.
June 1, 2006... CONTEXT: Emergency contraception can play an important role in reducing the rate of unintended pregnancies in Nigeria. Although it is included in the national family planning guidelines, there is limited awareness of this method among clients....

Correction.(Correction notice)
June 1, 2006... The Spanish abstracts for research articles published in the March issue of the journal had not been finalized. The correct versions have now been posted with their respective articles on the Guttmacher Web site, at...

Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning: predictors of correct use.
June 1, 2006... CONTEXT: Fertility awareness-based methods of family planning help women identify the days of the menstrual cycle when they are most likely to become pregnant. To prevent pregnancy, women avoid unprotected intercourse on these days. Efficacy of...

Many people who have herpes use condoms only during symptomatic outbreaks.
June 1, 2006... Three-fourths of individuals who know that they have genital herpes either abstain from vaginal sex or always use condoms when they have symptoms, but only one-fifth do so when they are free of symptoms. (1) In an international cross-sectional...

Starting breast-feeding soon after birth lowers infants' risk of neonatal death.
June 1, 2006... The longer the delay between birth and the start of breast-feeding, the greater the likelihood that infants will die before they are four weeks old, according to an observational study conducted in rural Ghana. (1) Breast-feeding was initiated...

Skewed sex ratio of births in India may be the result of sex-selective abortion.
June 1, 2006... Although determining the sex of a fetus--and terminating the pregnancy based on the test results--is illegal in India, about half a million female fetuses in the country are aborted each year because of a cultural preference for sons, according...

In Turkey, pregnant women's risk of domestic abuse is linked to education, income, number of children.
June 1, 2006... The presence and level of physical, emotional and sexual abuse during pregnancy varies according to the characteristics of women and their husbands, according to a 2003-2004 cross-sectional survey of pregnant rural and urban women in Malatya,...

In China, negative attitudes toward HIV-infected people are associated with risky sexual behavior.
June 1, 2006... In China, migrants who hold stigmatizing beliefs about HIV-infected people have higher levels of sexual risk behaviors and lower levels of protective behaviors than other migrants. (1) In a cross-sectional survey among sexually experienced...

Rates of cesarean delivery in developing countries suggest unequal access.
June 1, 2006... The best current estimate of the overall rate of cesarean delivery in developing countries is 12%, according to a study using nationally representative data from 82 nations with a median reference year of 1996. Regional rates vary from 3% in...