Footsteps articles from May 2000

Footsteps archives from May 2000

`They've Messed with the Wrong One Now'.(Rosa Parks)
May 1, 2000... Rosa Parks left her job as a tailor's assistant at the Montgomery Fair department store on a cold, dark Thursday evening. The date was December 1, 1955. She recognized the bus driver, James P. Blake, who had once left her at the curb after she...

THE MIA AND THE Boycott.(Montgomery Improvement Association; boycott of public transportation after the Rosa Parks protest)
May 1, 2000... Long before the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56, African Americans had sought equal access and accommodations on public transportation. Individual protestors included Frederick Douglass and Union veterans of the Civil War. By the late...

MAP Civil Rights 1955-1963.(history of civil rights events in the South, starting with the Rosa Parks protest)
May 1, 2000... 1955 December 1: Rosa Parks is arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for not yielding her seat on a public bus to a white man. December 5: A black boycott of Montgomery buses begins. 1956 November 13: The Supreme Court rules that...

THE Montgomery Bus Boycott.(Montgomery, Alabama, December 1955)
May 1, 2000... Rosa Parks could not have predicted the remarkable events that resulted from the actions she took on December 1, 1955. She had no way of knowing that her private actions would lead to massive, organized efforts in which thousands of people...

THE Ruling AND ITS Consequences.(attorney Fred Gray pursued the case against Montgomery, Alabama, public transportation, which led to a Supreme Court ruling against segregation)
May 1, 2000... The Montgomery City Lines bus company lost $3,000 a day in fares during the bus boycott, but it was not financial loss or a change of heart that brought an end to the boycott. A young attorney named Fred Gray filed a lawsuit against Mayor...

A Sit-in AT Woolworth's.(a 1960 sit-in that led to mass sit-ins throughout the South)
May 1, 2000... On February 1, 1960, Joseph McNeil, David Richmond, Ezell A. Blair, Jr., and Franklin McCain sat down at the lunch counter in Woolworth's and ordered food. They had finished classes for the day at North Carolina Agricultural and Technical...

The SCLC.(Southern Christian Leadership Conference, organized in 1957)
May 1, 2000... The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) began in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1957, when about 100 men, primarily African American ministers, throughout the South decided to form an organization that would build on the success of the...

An Interview with Ezell A. Blair, Jr.(a.k.a.Jibreel Khazan, one of the 1960 sit-in participants in Greensboro, North Carolina)(Interview)
May 1, 2000... Ezell A. Blair, Jr., (also known today as Jibreel Khazan) was a freshman at North Carolina A&T College in Greensboro, North Carolina, who planned to major in architectural engineering, when he and three fellow students conducted a student...

An Interview with Diane Nash.(1960s civil rights worker)(Interview)
May 1, 2000... Diane Nash was 19 years old and a sophomore at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee, when she became a leader of the Nashville student sit-in movement. Later, while six months pregnant, she stared down a Mississippi judge who had sentenced...

`Mightier Than The Sword'.(Martin Luther King, Jr., and his letter while being held prisoner in a Birmingham, Alabama jail)
May 1, 2000... REV. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.'S "LETTER FROM BIRMINGHAM JAIL" Martin Luther King, Jr., did not always obey his father, nor did he always agree with his friends. This was never more apparent than in the early days of April 1963, when...

Massive Nonviolence IN BIRMINGHAM.(1963 demonstrations bring about civil rights concessions in Birmingham, Alabama)
May 1, 2000... A small girl calls to her six-year-old friend, "Hurry up, Lucille. If you stay behind, you won't get arrested with our group." Policemen ready their nightsticks to slam demonstrators to the pavement. Firemen grip high-pressure hoses and...

`I Have a Dream'.(civil rights legislation, begun by President Kennedy, was signed into law by President Johnson)
May 1, 2000... Summer 1963: the centennial year of the Emancipation Proclamation. President John F. Kennedy asked Congress to pass a bill that included "provisions for desegregating public accommodations." Veteran civil rights activists, who were...

An Open Letter to the Girls Killed in the Church Bombing.(the death of four girls in a 1963 church bombing inspired a letter from a 13-year-old Baltimore, Maryland girl)
May 1, 2000... On September 15, 1963, opponents of the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham, Alabama, placed 19 sticks of dynamite beneath the steps of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. The explosion that followed killed four young girls--Addie Mae Collins,...

The Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social Change.(established after the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.)
May 1, 2000... On June 26, 1968, less than three months after her husband's assassination in Memphis, Tennessee, Coretta Scott King established The King Center in Atlanta, Georgia. Its purpose was, and is, to preserve Dr. King's legacy and to carry forward...

Help Wanted: Detectives.(researching the civil rights movement)
May 1, 2000... Uncovering the facts... today there are many books about the Civil Rights Movement, Rosa Parks, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The question is where do the writers in FOOTSTEPS magazine get their facts? Most writers, who are curious about...

Windows to the Past.(researching the civil rights movement)
May 1, 2000... Whether it's Montgomery or Birmingham, the stories that become history happen in someone's hometown. Old photographs can tell the story of a person, a family or a community. Find one or two pictures about which you are curious. Make up a list...

BOOKS.(Bibliography)
May 1, 2000... The 1950s by Stuart A. Kallen (Lucent Books, 1999) includes a chapter titled "The Struggle for Equality" that focuses on the bus riots, school integration, and community segregation. The book is one in the series "A Cultural History of the...

MEDIA.(sources for civil rights movement research)
May 1, 2000... African American History: Slavery to Civil Rights (CD-ROM, Queue, Inc., 1999) Eyes on the Prize: America's Civil Rights Years 1954-1965 (14-hour video series, PBS Video)

RESOURCES.(researh information: civil rights movement)
May 1, 2000... Blackside develops materials that address such issues as leadership, the nature of democracy, freedom of expression, and the mechanisms of social change. Blackside is best known for Eyes on the Prize--an Emmy Award-winning documentary series....

YOUR PAGES.
May 1, 2000... Rosa Parks Rosa Parks is a famous black. She refused to sit in the back. The driver was awfully rude. But she did not react crudely. So Rosa Parks was put in a cell. Because of this, the bus business fell. She made a lot of...