The English Historical Review articles from September 1997

The English Historical Review archives from September 1997

Charlemagne's will: piety, politics and the imperial succession.
September 1, 1997... Einhard, writing Charlemagne's Life, chose to end with the enactment of his erstwhile master's last will and testament. Thanks to Einhard's pioneering work, the first post-Roman Emperor in the west is also the first Frankish king for whom a will...

The political after-life of Edward III: the apotheosis of a warmonger.
September 1, 1997... WHATEVER may be the fate of other sorts and conditions of men, kings seem doomed, among their other occupational risks, to suffer the hazards of la longue duree. Some have added unto them that necessarily posthumous extension to their mundane...

John Claymond, Pliny the Elder, and the early history of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
September 1, 1997... The intellectual achievement of John Claymond, like that of several other English humanists of his generation, has remained obscure. Today he is known only as the first President of Corpus Christi College, an institution which, in the context of...

Anglo-American policy on German reparations from Yalta to Potsdam.
September 1, 1997... The aim of this article is to illustrate the decline of Britain's influence in the post-war era, using negotiations on German reparations as a case-study. It will be argued that although politicians and civil servants in Whitehall understood by...

'Blood and friendship': the Earl of Essex's protection of the Earl of Clanricarde's interests, 1641-6.
September 1, 1997... In an entry for 22 May 1643, the royalist newsbook Mercurius Aulicus vented its fury at the treatment of Queen Henrietta Maria, whose estates had recently been sequestered by Parliament. With bitter irony, the author contrasted the fate of the...

King Alfred the Great.
September 1, 1997... Should we suppose that an evangelist who was not present at the Annunciation and wrote long after it would present a transcript of the ipsissima verba Angeli ad Virginem? Should we suppose that a dialogist who makes Phaedo say 'Plato was ill',...

Scholastic Humanism and the Unification of Europe, vol. 1, Foundations.
September 1, 1997... The central concerns of this powerful book are with the links between intellectual and organizational developments in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The main spotlights fall within the years from 1100 to 1160 and upon Paris and Bologna....

Germany. A New Social and Economic History, vol. 1, 1450-1630.
September 1, 1997... This collection of thirteen essays constitutes the first in what will ultimately be a three-volume series chronicling the social and economic history of Germany since the fifteenth century. The aim of the series is to make good the longstanding...

Classical Humanism and Republicanism in English Political Thought: 1570-1640.
September 1, 1997... Markku Peltonen's conspicuously accomplished first book addresses a recent assumption. This was that the English republicanism which made such a dazzling contribution to the intellectual history of the mid-seventeenth century appeared both...

Milton and Republicanism.
September 1, 1997... Markku Peltonen's conspicuously accomplished first book addresses a recent assumption. This was that the English republicanism which made such a dazzling contribution to the intellectual history of the mid-seventeenth century appeared both...

Sidney. Court Maxims.
September 1, 1997... Markku Peltonen's conspicuously accomplished first book addresses a recent assumption. This was that the English republicanism which made such a dazzling contribution to the intellectual history of the mid-seventeenth century appeared both...

Histoire de la population francaise, 4 vols.
September 1, 1997... Historical demography may not be entirely a French invention, but it was French writers who developed the techniques, such as that of family reconstitution, which established the discipline on a new empirical basis in the post-war period, and...

Two Lands on One Soil. Ulster Politics Before Home Rule.
September 1, 1997... This, the late Frank Wright's last and most substantial publication, fits within a body of scholarship concerned with tracing the roots of the political polarization which hardened in Ireland, and in particular the north of Ireland, at the end of...

An English Empire. Bede and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings.
September 1, 1997... N.J. Higham is fast becoming a contender for the title of 'most prolific author writing on early medieval Britain'. His An English Empire. Bede and the Early Anglo-Saxon Kings (Manchester: U.P., 1995; pp. 269. [pounds]40; pb. [pounds]14.99) is...

Auslandsbeziehungen unter den salischen Kaisern. Geistige Auseinandersetzung und Politik.
September 1, 1997... Although the imperium of the Salian emperors (1024-1125) was perceived as a species of sovereignty rather than a territorial empire, a point driven home in this collection by Egon Boshof's essay on 'The Salian Empire and the European East', it is...

Making History. The Normans and Their Historians in Eleventh-Century Italy.
September 1, 1997... In his biography of Leo IX, Wibert of Toul claimed that life in Norman Apulia was so bad that even a dog would pray for mercy, barking the words 'Deus meus'. From distant Lorraine, Wibert could be openly hostile to the pessima gens that had...

Canterbury and the Norman Conquest. Church, Saints and Scholars: 1066-1109.
September 1, 1997... All but one of the essays edited by Richard Eales and Richard Sharpe in Canterbury and the Norman Conquest. Church, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109 (London/Rio Grande: Hambledon P., 1995; pp. xxiii + 182. [pounds]34) were read at a conference in...

Aquinas and the Jews.
September 1, 1997... In John Y. B. Hood's Aquinas and the Jews (Philadelphia: U. of Pennsylvania P., 1995; PP. xiv + 145. Pb. [pounds] 13.95), the author sets out to bring together Thomas Aquinas's references to Judaism and the Jews which are scattered throughout a...

Rom und der romische Adel in der spaten Stauferzeit.
September 1, 1997... Recent years have seen a revival in publications on the history of medieval Rome and a most weighty addition to these is Matthias Thumser's Rom und der romische Adel in der spaten Stauferzeit (Tubingen: Max Niemeyer, 1995; pp. x + 424. N.p.),...

The Register of Walter Bronescombe, Bishop of Exeter, vol. 1, 1258-1280.
September 1, 1997... The diocese of Exeter boasts one of England's earliest surviving episcopal registers. Walter Bronescombe was among the vanguard of thirteenth-century bishops who set down in writing the variety of duties involved in the ecclesiastical...

The Medieval Landscape of Wessex.
September 1, 1997... There is a certain artificiality about The Medieval Landscape of Wessex, ed. Michael Aston and Carenza Lewis (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 1995; PP. 280. [pounds]28). The 'Wessex' of the title comprises the counties of Berkshire, Wiltshire, Hampshire,...

The Decline and Fall of Medieval Sicily. Politics, Religion and Economy in the Reign of Frederick III: 1296-1337.
September 1, 1997... In recent years the history of medieval and early modern Sicily has been the testing ground for several sustained attacks on many cherished assumptions of nineteenth-century Italian historiography. The discovery of features traditionally...

Armes et combats dans l'univers medieval.
September 1, 1997... At a time when some historians have been turning their minds to the 650th anniversary of the battle of Crecy, it is refreshing to be reminded of a less celebrated clash of arms which took place a few weeks earlier. 'La bataille de Vottem, 19...

English Society in the Later Middle Ages. Class, Status and Gender.
September 1, 1997... S. H. Rigby's latest book, English Society in the Later Middle Ages. Class, Status and Gender (London: Macmillan, 1995; pp. xii + 408. [pounds]45; pb. [pounds]14.99), attempts the difficult task of doing two things at once. It is both an...

The Papacy, Scotland and Northern England: 1342-1378.
September 1, 1997... Although its timespan is a mere thirty-six years, A. D. M. Barrell's The Papacy, Scotland and Northern England, 1342-1378 (Cambridge: U.P., 1995; pp. xxvi + 289. [pounds]35) is an important book. The period under review, covering the pontificates...

Prophetic Song: The Psalms as Moral Discourse in Late Medieval England.
September 1, 1997... No one who has come across those (to us) cryptic auctoritates from the Psalms in which a medieval sermon-writer merely gives the first couple of words followed by a string of initials, or the many allusions to what 'David' or 'the prophet' say,...

Writing Women in Late Medieval and Early Modern Spain: The Mothers of Saint Teresa of Avila.
September 1, 1997... It is well enough known that women played an important role in the movement of spiritual reform in fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century Castile. Aldonca Carrillo, countess of Fuensalida, became a 'beata' when her husband died. She took an oath...

Origini dello Stato: Processi di formazione statale in Italia fra medioevo ed eta moderna.
September 1, 1997... A 1993 Chicago meeting of mainly Italian and American historians reviewed state development in Renaissance Italy; reading the resulting conference acts involves a bit of a paper-chase. Italian readers find most (a preface and an essay by Schiera,...

A History of France, 1460-1560: The Emergence of a Nation State.
September 1, 1997... David Potter's A History of France, 1460-1560. The Emergence of a Nation State (London: Macmillan, 1995; pp. xvi + 438. [pounds]42.50; pb. [pounds]13.99) is grounded upon a 'fundamental proposition': that French institutions and affairs from the...

Early Tudor Government: 1485-1558.
September 1, 1997... Early Tudor Government, 1485-1558, by S. J. Gunn (London: Macmillan, 1995; pp. x + 254. Pb. [pounds]9.99), is a very valuable work that appears under the misleading guise of an undergraduate textbook. It is much more than that: indeed, it...

Tudor Frontiers and Noble Power: The Making of the British State.
September 1, 1997... Steven G. Ellis's Tudor Frontiers and Noble Power. The Making of the British State (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1995; pp. xxvi + 303.[pounds]35) works on several levels. It is a detailed examination of the circumstances leading to the arrest in 1534 of...

The Military Revolution in Sixteenth-Century Europe.
September 1, 1997... The 'military revolution' of the early modern period has been variously defined and even more variously dated: to the century after 1560, the seventeenth century, the late seventeenth to the early eighteenth century, or diffused over the whole...

Kriminalitat in Rom: 1560-1585.
September 1, 1997... Principally two things are missing from Peter Blastenbrei's Kriminalitat in Rom, 1560-1585 (Tubingen: Max Niemeyer, 1995; pp. ix + 317. N.p.). One is the human dimension - specific details about crimes and their perpetrators from the hundreds of...

Sex and Subjection: Attitudes to Women in Early-Modern Society.
September 1, 1997... Margaret R. Sommerville's excellent study of educated opinion about women in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, Sex and Subjection. Attitudes to Women in Early-Modern Society (London/New York: Arnold, 1995; pp. 287. Pb. [pounds]14.99) is a...

Spain, Europe and the Atlantic World: Essays in Honour of John H. Elliott.
September 1, 1997... If you want to know how good a historian is, read not his works but his Festschrift. His works can only tell you about the range of his interests, the depth of his research and the quality of his writing. The Festschrift reflects those...

The Lateran in 1600: Christian Concord in Counter-Reformation Rome.
September 1, 1997... In recent years considerable attention has been paid to the 'early Christian revival' in liturgy and the arts which was promoted in the last decades of the sixteenth century when the impact of the Counter-Reformation was at its greatest and which...

Henry Parker and the English Civil War: The Political Thought of the Public's 'Privado.'
September 1, 1997... In Henry Parker and the English Civil War. The Political Thought of the Public's 'Privado' (Cambridge: U.P., 1995; pp. xix + 204. [pounds]35), Michael Mendle has successfully addressed himself to the intellectual conundrum that was the life and...

Blood and Belief: Family Survival and Confessional Identity Among the Provincial Huguenot Nobility.
September 1, 1997... Raymond A. Mentzer, Jr, in Blood and Belief. Family Survival and Confessional Identity among the Provincial Huguenot Nobility (W. Lafayette, IN: Purdue U.P., 1994; pp. 272. [pounds]31.50), and Gregory Hanlon, in Confession and Community in...

Confession and Community in Seventeenth-Century France: Catholic and Protestant Coexistence in Aquitaine.
September 1, 1997... Raymond A. Mentzer, Jr, in Blood and Belief. Family Survival and Confessional Identity among the Provincial Huguenot Nobility (W. Lafayette, IN: Purdue U.P., 1994; pp. 272. [pounds]31.50), and Gregory Hanlon, in Confession and Community in...

L'Inquisition a l'epoque moderne: Espagne, Italie, Portugal, XVe-XIXesiecle.
September 1, 1997... Francisco Bethencourt's L'Inquisition a l'epoque moderne. Espagne, Italie, Portugal, [XV.sup.e]-[XIX.sup.e]siecle (Paris: Fayard, 1995; pp. 539. Pb. F195) is, unfortunately, by no means an easy book to read. One may go so far as to doubt whether...

Lord Burlington: Architecture, Art and Life.
September 1, 1997... In his introduction to Lord Burlington. Architecture, Art and Life, ed. Toby Barnard and Jane Clark (London/Rio Grande: Hambledon P., 1995; pp. xxix + 328. [pounds]37.50), Sir Howard Colvin describes Clark's contribution as 'a shock' because, if...

The Achievement of the Anglican Church, 1689-1800: The Confessional State in Eighteenth-Century England.
September 1, 1997... It is now over sixty years since the publication of Norman Sykes's Church and State in England in the Eighteenth Century and, as William Gibson points out in the introduction to The Achievement of the Anglican Church, 1689-1800. The Confessional...

Clandestine Marriage in England: 1500-1850.
September 1, 1997... There have always been couples who had powerful motives for keeping their matrimonial intentions more or less secret. In Clandestine Marriage in England, 1500-1850 (London/Rio Grande: Hambledon P., 1995; pp. xxiv + 196. [pounds]25), R. B....

Riforme fiscali e crisi politiche nella Francia di Luigi XV: Dalla 'taille tarifee' al catasto generale.
September 1, 1997... The efforts of the old regime in France to equip itself to face the increasingly heavy demands made on it, most of all by war, continue to attract the interest of Italian historians. Antonella Alimento's Riforme fiscali e crisi politiche nella...

War, Revolution and the Bureaucratic State: Politics and Army Administration in France, 1791-1799.
September 1, 1997... Howard G. Brown's War, Revolution and the Bureaucratic State. Politics and Army Administration in France, 1791-1799 (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1995 ; pp. ix + 361. [pounds]40), which originated as a thesis, offers a stimulating examination of the...

Royalist Political Thought During the French Revolution.
September 1, 1997... The title of James L. Osen's Royalist Political Thought during the French Revolution (Westport, Conn./London: Greenwood P., 1995; pp. xii + 154. [pounds]49.50) promises much. A comprehensive analysis of royalist political thought during the...

The Politics of English Jacobinism: Writings of John Thelwall.
September 1, 1997... Until forced to abandon active politics by loyalist harassment, John Thelwall, or 'Citizen Ego', was the chief orator, strategist and theoretician of the London Corresponding Society, the largest radical organization of the 1790s. Following...

The Early History of the Law of Bills and Notes: A Study of the Origins of Anglo-American Commercial Law.
September 1, 1997... Anyone studying the practices of merchants in matters of payment up to the beginning of the nineteenth century should not be misled by the title of James Steven Rogers's The Early History of the Law of Bills and Notes. A Study of the Origins of...

The Life and Death of Industrial Languedoc, 1700-1920: The Politics of De-Industrialization.
September 1, 1997... Christopher H. Johnson's impressive, though uneven, The Life and Death of Industrial Languedoc, 1700-1920 The Politics of De-Industrialization (New York/Oxford: Oxford U.P., 1995; pp. xii + 307. [pounds]45) seeks to explain why Lower Languedoc,...

Republicanism in Nineteenth-Century France: 1814-1871.
September 1, 1997... During the last years of the Second Empire, Napoleon III bestowed on the French people a liberal regime which they endorsed by a massive majority of votes in the plebiscite of May 1870. Four months later, Napoleon surrendered to the Prussians at...

The End of Hidden Ireland: Rebellion, Famine, and Emigration.
September 1, 1997... The extinction, at the height of the Great Irish Famine, of the small townland of Ballykilcline, County Roscommon, is the subject of Robert James Scally's study, The End of Hidden Ireland. Rebellion, Famine, and Emigration (New York/Oxford:...

Education and the Scottish People: 1750-1918.
September 1, 1997... Nothing is so important to the self-image of the Scots, and to the formation of their national identity, as their educational system, and, therefore, in these times, R. D. Anderson's Education and the Scottish People, 1750-1918 (Oxford: Clarendon...

German Immigrants in Britain During the Nineteenth Century: 1815-1914.
September 1, 1997... Panikos Panayi's first monograph, The Enemy in our Midst, based on his doctoral dissertation, emphasized the problems which Germans in Britain had to face during the First World War. Since then Panayi has worked at a cracking pace. He has edited...

Immigration, Ethnicity and Racism in Britain: 1815-1945.
September 1, 1997... Panikos Panayi's first monograph, The Enemy in our Midst, based on his doctoral dissertation, emphasized the problems which Germans in Britain had to face during the First World War. Since then Panayi has worked at a cracking pace. He has edited...

Die deutschen Soldaten im Krieg von 1870/71: Eine Darstellung der Situation und der Erfahrungen der deutschen Soldaten im Deutsch-Franzosischen Krieg.
September 1, 1997... Like other branches of the subject, military history is increasingly being written 'from below', with concentration on the experience of 'other ranks' rather than on the calculations of generals. The Franco-German War of 1870-1 lends itself to...

Oceans of Consolation: Personal Accounts of Irish Migration to Australia.
September 1, 1997... Scholars interested in the social history of overseas migration would be the poorer without the emigrant letter. With their pungent imagery and innocently primitive spelling, letters home from those who had crossed the sea are a wonderful quarry...

The Lost Prime Minister: A Life of Sir Charles Dilke.
September 1, 1997... The case of Sir Charles Dilke - and 'case' ever suggests itself as the appropriate word - turns on three questions: was he the most eligible successor to Gladstone as leader of the Liberal party? Was his career ruined by a conspiracy to enmesh...

I documenti diplomatici italiani: 1870-1896, vol. 22, 1 aprile 1888-31 agosto 1889.
September 1, 1997... I documenti diplomatici italiani. Seconda Serie: 1870-1896. Vol. XXII: 1 aprile 1888-31 agosto 1889, ed. Giampiero Carocci (Rome: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato, 1994; pp. lii + 469. N.p.), is one of the shorter volumes, and neither...

Development for Exploitation: German Colonial Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1884-1914.
September 1, 1997... Juhani Koponen's excellent Development for Exploitation. German Colonial Policies in Mainland Tanzania, 1884-1914 (Helsinki/Hamburg: Finnish Historical Soc./Studien zur Afrikanischen Geschichte, 1995; pp. 741. Pb. n.p.) is essentially a major...

A Vision for London, 1889-1914: Labour, Everyday Life and the LCC Experiment.
September 1, 1997... Susan D. Pennybacker's A Vision for London, 1889-1914. Labour, Everyday Life and the LCC Experiment (London: Routledge, 1995; pp. xiv + 315. [pounds]50) charts the impact of Victorian Britain's most important and adventurous urban local...

The City of London, vol. 2, Golden Years: 1890-1914.
September 1, 1997... The City of London. Vol. II: Golden Years, 1890-1914, by David Kynaston (London: Chatto & Windus, 1995; pp. 678- [pounds]25), is the second of a projected three volumes intended to cover the history of the Square Mile from 1815 until modern...

No Distinction of Sex? Women in British Universities: 1870-1939.
September 1, 1997... It has been an absorbing read for an older woman graduate to work through Carol Dyhouse's No Distinction of Sex? Women in British Universities, 1870-1939 (London: UCL P., 1995; pp. xii + 288. [pounds]35; pb. [pounds]11.95) and to look closely at...

The Strategy of the Lloyd George Coalition: 1916-1918.
September 1, 1997... The Strategy of the Lloyd George Coalition, 1916-1918, by David French (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1995; pp. 332. [pounds]40), complements his British Strategy and War Aims, 1914-16, published in 1986. It is presented as an attempt to challenge...

Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War: Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918-1922.
September 1, 1997... Vladimir N. Brovkin, in Behind the Front Lines of the Civil War. Political Parties and Social Movements in Russia, 1918-1922 (Princeton: U.P., 1994; pp. xiii + 455. N.p.), has written an ambitious work which seeks to examine all the major forces...

British Foreign Policy During the Curzon Period: 1919-1924.
September 1, 1997... G. H. Bennett has two main purposes in British Foreign Policy during the Curzon Period, 1919-1924 (London: Macmillan, in assoc. with Kings College London, 1995; pp. xi + 243. [pounds]45). One is to judge British foreign policy in the early years...

Country Before Party: Coalition and the Idea of 'National Government' in Modern Britain, 1885-1987.
September 1, 1997... So prolific has G. R. Searle become in recent years that his new book appeared before the last one was reviewed in this journal (ante, cx. 1028). Then, he had concentrated on the history of the Liberal party. Now he moves away from all parties in...

Fascist Italy.
September 1, 1997... John Whittam's Fascist Italy (Manchester: U.P., 1995; pp. ix + 179. [pounds]35; pb. [pounds]10.99), a book in the New Frontiers in History series, is designed to provide a classroom text for use with sixth-formers and introductory university...

The Making of Fianna Fail Power in Ireland: 1923-1948.
September 1, 1997... Richard Dunphy's The Making of Fianna Fail Power in Ireland, 1923-1948 (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1995; pp. x + 340. [pounds]40) is the first study of Ireland's leading political party to focus on how it built and consolidated its position, how it...

International Health Organisations and Movements: 1918-1939.
September 1, 1997... As international federalism, national devolution and self-determination dominate the world of post-colonial politics, it seems an especially appropriate moment to reflect on earlier attempts at internationalism in the twentieth century. Paul...

White-Collar or Hoe Handle? African Education Under British Colonial Policy: 1920-1945.
September 1, 1997... The study of sub-tertiary education in colonial Africa has for the most part rested on professional interpretations. Seppo Sivonen offers his neatly titled White-Collar or Hoe Handle? African Education under British Colonial Policy, 192-1945...

Magnetic Mountain: Stalinism as a Civilization.
September 1, 1997... Stephen Kotkin's Magnetic Mountain. Stalinism as a Civilization (Berkeley/Los Angeles: U. of California P., 1995; pp. xxiii + 639. $55) can be discussed at two levels, as a contribution to the local history of Soviet Russia in the 1930s and as a...

I documenti diplomatici italiani: 1935-1939, vol. 5, 1 settembre-31 dicembre 1936.
September 1, 1997... The Italian foreign office papers for the last four months of 1936 are printed in I documenti diplomatici italiani. Ottava Serie: 1935-1939. Vol. V: 1 settembre 31 dicembre 1936, ed. Gianluca Andre (Rome: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato,...

The Origins of the Greek Civil War.
September 1, 1997... Readers of David H. Close's The Origins of the Greek Civil War (London: Longman, 1995; pp. xiv + 248. [pounds]34; pb. [pounds]11.99) may conclude that if ever there was an irrepressible conflict, the bitter and brutal struggle between the...

Zwischen Marktwirtschaft und Dirigismus: Bankenpolitik im 'Dritten Reich,' 1933-1939.
September 1, 1997... For three or four decades the historiography of the Third Reich revolved tightly round the - admittedly fundamental - question of its political dynamics, to the neglect of social and economic investigations except in order to shed light on the...

Jews for Sale? Nazi-Jewish Negotiations: 1933-1945.
September 1, 1997... The theme of Jews for Sale? Nazi-Jewish Negotiations, 1933-1945, by Yehuda Bauer (New Haven/London: Yale U.P., 1994; pp. xiii + 306. [pounds]17.95), is the various attempts made by Jews and others to negotiate with the Nazis, in the hope of...

Nazi Germany: A New History.
September 1, 1997... For anyone familiar with the history of Nazism, Klaus P. Fischer's Nazi Germany. A New History (London: Constable, 1995; pp. ix + 734. [pounds]25) will hold few surprises. It is clearly aimed at the student market and good value in terms of the...

Politik der Illusionen. Churchill, Eisenhower und die deutsche Frage: 1945-1955.
September 1, 1997... In Politik der Illusionen. Churchill, Eisenhower und die deutsche Frage, 1945-1966 (Gottingen/Zurich: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1995; pp. 335. DM92), a text rather overloaded with superfluous facts and footnotes, Klaus Larres in effect shines a...

La Tentation imperiale: Politique exterieure de la Chine depuis 1949.
September 1, 1997... The People's Republic of China has actively pursued an 'open-door' policy since the rise to power of Deng Xiaoping in 1978. In La Tentation imperiale. Politique exterieure de la Chine depuis 1949 (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1994; pp. 426. Pb....

Mission in der Industrie: Die Geschichte kirchlicher Industrie- und Sozialarbeit in Grossbritannien.
September 1, 1997... What Bernd Fechner in Mission in der Industrie. Die Geschichte kirchlicher Industrie- und Sozialarbeit in Grossbritannien (Frankfurt/Berlin: Peter Lang, 1995; pp. 266. Pb. n.p.) describes as 'industrial mission' is the attempts made since 1945 in...

British Counterinsurgency in the Post-Imperial Era.
September 1, 1997... Thomas R. Mockaitis's British Counterinsurgency in the Post-Imperial Era (Manchester: U.P., 1995; pp. xvi + 165. [pounds]40) is a clearly written and judicious account of four counterinsurgency campaigns waged by the British since 1960. It is...

The Evolution of British Social Policy and the Welfare State: c. 1800-1993.
September 1, 1997... There is no shortage of textbooks on the history of social policy in Britain, and Keith Laybourn's The Evolution of British Social Policy and the Welfare State, c. 1800-1993 (Keele: U.P., 1995; pp. 320. Pb. [pounds]12.95) has a tough task in...

Anatomy of a Dictatorship: Inside the GDR, 1949-1989.
September 1, 1997... For the historian the study of the German Democratic Republic, a state unloved and unlovely in its short life of four decades, has peculiar features. Before the collapse in 1989-90 it was in most respects a conventional Communist regime,...

The Origins of Moderm Freedom in the West: The Making of Modern Freedom.
September 1, 1997... Although ultimate freedom is not discussed in The Origins of Modern Freedom in the West. The Making of Modern Freedom, ed. R. W. Davis (Stanford: U.P., 1995; pp. xiii + 384. [pounds]35), the five emeriti professors who have written essays for the...