The English Historical Review articles from September 1996

The English Historical Review archives from September 1996

The revenue of King John. (inflation and income in Normandy from 1180 to 1215)
September 1, 1996... Debate about the reign of King John has focused on the two issues of the loss of Normandy in 1204 and the origins of Magna Carta. At the heart of both lies royal finance, and it is therefore surprising that no systematic attempt has been made to...

Popularity, prelacy and Puritanism in the 1630s: Joseph Hall explains himself.
September 1, 1996... There is in the Phelips papers in Somerset Record Office a letter written by Joseph Hall, Bishop of Exeter (1627-41), to a friend at court clearing himself from charges that he was soft on puritanism.(1) The careers of Hall and of evangelical...

How to pay for the war: state, society and taxation in Britain, 1917-24.
September 1, 1996... It is over the Budget... that Parliaments for some time to come will find the fundamental party cleavage... The problem of how to deal with finance of this magnitude - involving, as it must, in the society of today, the sharpest issues between...

A Burgundian funeral ceremony: Olivier de la Marche and the obsequies of Adolf of Cleves, lord of Ravenstein.
September 1, 1996... Of the many noblemens' houses from the Burgundian period which once clustered around the ducal palace on the Coudenberg in Brussels, only one survives today. The palais or hotel of the Ravenstein now stands isolated and marooned amid the largely...

Medieval England: Towns, Commerce and Crafts, 1086-1348.
September 1, 1996... The well-known study of medieval English rural society by Edward Miller and John Hatcher, first published in 1978, was recognized as a helpful and reliable synthesis from the moment of its appearance. The same two authors have now completed a...

Westminster Abbey and the Plantagenets: Kingship and the Representation of Power, 1200-1400.
September 1, 1996... As befits its subject, Paul Binski's book on Westminster Abbey is a splendid physical object. Large in scale (some 25 x 28 cms) and printed on paper of the highest quality, it has hundreds of illustrations, many of which, even to old Abbey hands,...

The Restorations of Westminster Abbey.
September 1, 1996... As befits its subject, Paul Binski's book on Westminster Abbey is a splendid physical object. Large in scale (some 25 x 28 cms) and printed on paper of the highest quality, it has hundreds of illustrations, many of which, even to old Abbey hands,...

The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall, 1477-1806.
September 1, 1996... For the new Oxford History of Early Modern Europe to be launched with a study of the Dutch Republic is both appropriate and auspicious. Appropriate, since the commercialized, urban and literate communities that flourished in the northern...

Lords of All the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France, c.1500-c.1800.
September 1, 1996... Anthony Pagden's new work is a study of imperialism in its earlier modern phases, though not on so world-wide a scale as its first title seems to promise. It is limited to the Americas; the European entry into Asia and Africa has no place....

LSE: A History of the London School of Economics and Political Science, 1895-1995.
September 1, 1996... It is hard for an alumnus like me to be objective about a history of 'the school'. For it is (a large) part of me and I (a small part) of it. Much the same has to be said of Ralf Dahrendorf who came there first as a graduate from Hamburg in 1952...

Cardiganshire County History: From the Earliest Times to the Coming of the Normans.
September 1, 1996... Cardiganshire County History. From the Earliest Times to the Coming of the Normans, ed. J. L. Davies and D. P. Kirby (Cardiff: U. of Wales P., 1994; pp. xx + 441. [pounds]55) is the first of three projected volumes. It is the product of a...

Benedictine Maledictions: Liturgical Cursing in Romanesque France.
September 1, 1996... Lester K. Little's Benedictine Maledictions. Liturgical Cursing in Romanesque France (Ithaca/London: Cornell U.P., 1993; pp. xvii + 296. $34.65) is a learned, humane and witty book. Its core is the investigation of the liturgies of cursing...

English Episcopal Acta: Vol. VII: Hereford, 1079-1234.
September 1, 1996... Julia Barrow's edition of the English Episcopal Acta. Vol. VII: Hereford, 1079-1234 (Oxford: U.P., 1993; pp. cxvii + 361. [pounds]50) spans the period from Bishop Robert of Lotharingia (1079-95) to Hugh Foliot (1219-34). Few charters have...

Medieval Scotland: Crown, Lordship and Community: Essays Presented to G.W.S. Barrow.
September 1, 1996... To consider Medieval Scotland. Crown, Lordship and Community. Essays presented to G. W. S. Barrow, ed. Alexander Grant and Keith J. Stringer (Edinburgh: U.P., 1993; pp. xvi + 319. [pounds]25) is to realize how the study of medieval Scotland has...

Koln: Stadt und Bistum in Kirche und Reich des Mittelalters. Festschrift fur Odilo Engels zum 65.
September 1, 1996... The reviewers' frequent complaint that Festschrifts lack theme and focus cannot fairly be levelled against Koln. Stadt und Bistum in Kirche und Reich des Mittelalters. Festschrift fur Odilo Engels zum 65. Geburtstag, ed. Hanna Vollrath and Stefan...

The Friars: The Impact of the Early Mendicant Movement on Western Society.
September 1, 1996... Among the new breed of course books, C. H. Lawrence's The Friars. The Impact of the Early Mendicant Movement on Western Society (London: Longman, 1994; pp. x + 245. [pounds]29.99; pb. [pounds]10.99) is a shining example, crisply written and...

De l'Homelie au sermon: Histoire de la predication medievale.
September 1, 1996... In July 1992 the eighth international Medieval Sermon Studies Symposium met at Louvain-la-Neuve. Its seventeen papers are reproduced (six in French, the others in English) in De l'Homelie au sermon. Histoire de la predication medievale, ed....

The Learned King: The Reign of Alfonso X of Castile.
September 1, 1996... In recent years much has been written about Alfonso X of Castile, partly as a result of the impetus provided by the seven-hundredth anniversary of his death in 1984. Joseph F. O'Callaghan's The Learned King. The Reign of Alfonso X of Castile...

A Mediterranean Emporium: The Catalan Kingdom of Majorca.
September 1, 1996... In A Mediterranean Emporium. The Catalan Kingdom of Majorca (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xx + 292. [pounds]35), David Abulafia has set himself the daunting task of writing the history of a fragmented, ephemeral kingdom whose raison d'etre was...

Letters of the Queens of England: 1100-1547.
September 1, 1996... Letters of the Queens of England, 1100-1547 (Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1994; pp. 250. [pounds]18.99) is far from being the sentimental confection that its title might suggest. Its editor, Anne Crawford, an assistant keeper at the Public Record Office,...

Crisis and Continuity: Land and Town in Late Medieval Castile.
September 1, 1996... In 1979 Teofilo F. Ruiz wrote an important article in Annales on 'Expansion et changement. La conquete de Seville et la societe castillane (1248-1350)', in which he estimated the effects of the Andalusian conquests on northern Castile. It also...

Gioco e giustizia nell'Italia di Comune.
September 1, 1996... The Benetton Research Foundation of Treviso is supporting a series of publications on the history of play or sport (Ludica). The first volume to appear is Gioco e giustizia nell'Italia di Comune, ed. Gherardo Ortalli (Treviso/Rome: Fondazione...

The Taxpayers of Medieval Gloucestershire: An Analysis of the 1327 Lay Subsidy Roll with a New Edition of Its Text.
September 1, 1996... The Gloucestershire subsidy roll of 1327 was first printed by Sir Thomas Phillipps in the mid-nineteenth century, more accurately than was usual with that irascible baronet's productions but in one of his customary tiny editions. Virtually...

'Alla Luce della Luna': I furti a Venezia, 1270-1403.
September 1, 1996... Theft in late medieval Venice is the subject of Stefano Piasentini's short but sharp 'Alla Luce della Luna'. I furti a Venezia, 1270-1403 (Venice: Il Cardo, 1992; pp. 270. Pb. L52,000). Graphs and tables support a discussion both quantitative and...

Ufficiali e gentiluomini: La societa politica sabauda nel tardo medioevo.
September 1, 1996... Savoy under Duke Vittorio Amedeo II has long been recognized as a significant case-study in the growth of absolute monarchy in the later seventeenth century. However, theses about 'absolutism', or indeed 'Renaissance monarchy', can beg questions...

Henry's Wars and Shakespeare's Laws: Perspectives on the Law of War in the Later Middle Ages.
September 1, 1996... The wars of our time have led to a growth of interest in the effects of other conflicts upon earlier ages and societies. In Henry's Wars and Shakespeare's Laws. Perspectives on the Law of War in the Later Middle Ages (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1993;...

The Lit de Justice: Semantics, Ceremonial and the Parlement of Paris, 1300-1600.
September 1, 1996... At its apogee, the lit de justice was a solemn session of the Parlement of Paris held in the presence of the king, who might use the occasion to override the court's opposition to some legislative proposal emanating from his council. By his very...

Las Ferias de Castilla.
September 1, 1996... The Kingdom of Castile in the later Middle Ages presents scholars with formidable problems, from the crises which plagued the monarchy to those which affected noble lineages and urban government as well as the economy and society in general. More...

Crime, Society and Law in Renaissance Italy.
September 1, 1996... Crime, Society and Law in Renaissance Italy (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xi + 281. [pounds]35), ed. Trevor Dean and K. J. P. Lowe, brings together a dozen thoroughly revised papers from those presented in 1991 at a London conference on 'Crime and...

The Meeting of Two Worlds: Europe and the Americas, 1492-1650.
September 1, 1996... The Meeting of Two Worlds. Europe and the Americas, 1492-1650, ed. Warwick Bray (Oxford: U.P., for the British Academy, 1993; pp. 336. [pounds]25), stems from a symposium organized to commemorate the quincentenary of 1492. In contrast to many of...

Lordship and Community: The Lestrange Family and the Village of Hunstanton, Norfolk, in the First Half of the Sixteenth Century.
September 1, 1996... Cord Oestmann's Lordship and Community. The Lestrange Family and the Village of Hunstanton, Norfolk, in the First Half of the Sixteenth Century (Woodbridge: Boydell P., for the Centre of East Anglian Studies, 1994; pp. 289. [pounds]35) is a...

Collected Works of Erasmus. Vol. L: New Testament Scholarship: Paraphrase on the Acts of the Apostles.
September 1, 1996... Further volumes of Erasmus's works in English include Collected Works of Erasmus. Vol. L: New Testament Scholarship. Paraphrase on the Acts of the Apostles, ed. John J. Bateman (Toronto/Buffalo: U. of Toronto P., 1995; pp. xix + 389. [pounds]62),...

The Royal French State: 1460-1610.
September 1, 1996... No short review can convey the immense richness of Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie's The Royal French State, 1460-1610 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994; pp. x + 320. [pounds]45), a witty and elegant interpretation of the processes which shaped the formation of...

Star Chamber Suits of John and Thomas Warneford.
September 1, 1996... Star Chamber Suits of John and Thomas Warneford, ed. F. E. Warneford (Trowbridge: Wiltshire Records Soc., vol. 48, 1993; pp. xix + 108. [pounds]15. Copies from M. J. Lansdown, 53 Clarendon Rd, Trowbridge, Wilts. BA14 7BS) refers mostly to John...

Adolescence and Youth in Early Modern England.
September 1, 1996... In early modern times there was a long transitional phase between the end of childhood and the achievement of full adulthood. Social historians often emphasize its importance. Ilana Krausman Ben-Amos has now written a wide-ranging and richly...

Histoire de l'Empire des Habsbourgs, 1273-1918.
September 1, 1996... There is no adequate history in English of the whole of the Habsburg empire or, more accurately, the Habsburg composite monarchies, from their origins in the thirteenth century to the final dissolution of the Central-European Habsburg polity in...

The Last Descendant of Aeneas: The Habsburgs and the Mythic Image of the Emperor.
September 1, 1996... Marie Tanner's The Last Descendant of Aeneas. The Habsburgs and the Mythic Image of the Emperor (New Haven/London: Yale U.P., 1993; pp. xi + 333. [pounds]35) is a useful addition to the fast-growing literature on the public images of early modern...

Conoscere per governare: La diocesi di Trento nella visita pastorale di Ludovico Madruzzo, 1579-1581.
September 1, 1996... The question of how the reforms decreed by the Council of Trent subsequently affected the diocese of Trent itself is an aptly chosen one. Cecilia Nubola attempts to form an answer in Conoscere per governare. La diocesi di Trento nella visita...

Poverty and Deviance in Early Modern Europe.
September 1, 1996... Sixteenth-century Europe's preoccupation with the problem of poverty provides the justification for Robert Jutte's valuable general study Poverty and Deviance in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xvi + 240. [pounds]27.95; pb....

Church Papists, Catholicism, Conformity and Confessional Polemic in Early Modern England.
September 1, 1996... Church Papists, Catholicism, Conformity and Confessional Polemic in Early Modern England, by Alexandra Walsham (Woodbridge: Boydell P., for Royal Historical Soc., 1993; pp. xiii + 142. [pounds]29.50) is a model candidate for the Studies in...

Sundenzucht und sozialer Wandel: Earls Colne (England), Ipswich und Springfield (Neuengland), c. 1524-1690 im Vergleich.
September 1, 1996... Robert von Friedeburg offers in Sundenzucht und sozialer Wandel. Earls Colne (England), Ipswich und Springfield (Neuengland), c. 1524-1690 im Vergleich (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1993; pp. 311. Pb. DM120) an interesting glimpse of German and...

Las Cortes de Navarra desde su incorporacion a la corona de Castilla: Tres Siglos de actividad legislativa, 1513-1829.
September 1, 1996... Las Cortes de Navarra desde su incorporacion a la corona de Castilia. Tres Siglos de actividad legislativa, 1513-1829. Vol. I: 1513-1621. Vol. II: 1624-1829, ed. Rocio Garcia Bourrellier et al. (Pamplona: Ediciones Universidad de Navarra, 1993;...

Classes, Estates and Order in Early Modern Brittany.
September 1, 1996... In Classes, Estates and Order in Early Modern Brittany (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xv + 313. [pounds]35), James B. Collins has both extended his earlier work on the impact of taxation in seventeenth-century France and contributed significantly to...

Women in England: 1500-1760, A Social History.
September 1, 1996... Anne Laurence describes her Women in England, 1500-1760. A Social History (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1994; pp. xvi + 301. [pounds]25) as 'an account of progress so far'. What it shows is that progress so far has filled in parts of the jigsaw...

The Bishops' Wars: Charles I's Campaigns Against Scotland, 1638-1640.
September 1, 1996... Mark Charles Fissel's The Bishops' Wars. Charles I's Campaigns against Scotland, 1638-1640 (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xvi + 336. [pounds]40; pb. [pounds]17.95) offers the most detailed account to date of why Charles I's attempts to quell the...

The Old Service: Royalist Regimental Colonels and the Civil War: 1642-46.
September 1, 1996... In 1981, when reviewing P. R. Newman's study of royal field officers between 1642 and 1660, John Morrill commented that the 'unthinkable' was happening, and we were starting to know more about the royalists of the English Civil War than about the...

Romische Kardinalshaushalte des 17: Jahrhunderts: Borghese-Barberini-Chigi.
September 1, 1996... Markus Volkel's Romische Kardinalshaushalte des 17. Jahrhunderts. Borghese- Barberini- Chigi (Tubingen: Max Niemeyer, 1993; pp. x + 509. DM146) is his Habilitationsschrift and an eminently readable book. At the centre of his study is the...

The Mind of John Locke: A Study of Political Theory in Its Intellectual Setting.
September 1, 1996... Author and publisher have colluded to make Ian Harris's The Mind of John Locke. A Study of Political Theory in its Intellectual Setting (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xv + 429. [pounds]40) a difficult book to read, the former by eschewing chapter...

Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trials of 1692.
September 1, 1996... Salem Village's contest with Satan was not a big one as such things went, but it has drawn more treatments than most, from novelists, poets, and dramatists as well as historians. Bernard Rosenthal began his research wanting to know why this was,...

Visible and Apostolic: The Constitution of the Church in High Church Anglican and Non-Juror Thought.
September 1, 1996... In Visible and Apostolic. The Constitution of the Church in High Church Anglican and Non-Juror Thought (Newark/London: U. of Delaware P./Associated U.P., 1993; pp. 215. N.p.), Robert D. Cornwall has attempted to plug a gap in the historiography...

The Habsburg Monarchy: 1618-1815.
September 1, 1996... Historians' preoccupation with the Sphinx-like Austrian Monarchy (in modern usage, the Habsburg Monarchy) is understandable. Its power and influence on the international scene endured across centuries to 1918. Its internal development, spanning...

The Jacobites: Britain and Europe, 1688-1788.
September 1, 1996... Daniel Szechi, in The Jacobites. Britain and Europe, 1688-1788 (Manchester: U.P., 1994; pp. xxv + 172. [pounds]29.99; pb. [pounds]8.99) has written virtually two books rather than one; his first eighty-four pages concentrate on the domestic...

Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright.
September 1, 1996... New studies continue to extend and refine British publishing history, but relatively few have considered in detail questions of legal intervention. Statute and common law protected, excluded and helped to define authors, translators, editors,...

Neither Kingdom nor Nation: The Irish Quest for Constitutional Rights, 1698-1800.
September 1, 1996... The historiography of eighteenth-century Ireland has long reflected the divisions within Irish society. Catholic historians viewed the period as 'the long dark winter of Irish history' during which Catholicism was outlawed, Catholic property...

Catholicism in a Protestant Kingdom: A Study of the Irish Ancien Regime.
September 1, 1996... In the event, the colonial paradigm as a model for studying eighteenth-century Irish history has recently come under intense criticism in the writings of Joep Leersen and, especially, Sean Connolly whose Religion, Law and Power. The Making of...

Holland and the Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century: The Politics of Particularism.
September 1, 1996... At first glance it may not be apparent from the title of J. L. Price's book Holland and the Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth Century. The Politics of Particularism (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1994; pp. 312. [pounds]35) that its subject is the...

Political Interaction in the Old Regime: Central Power and Local Society in the Eighteenth-Century Nordic States.
September 1, 1996... It has long been recognized that the power exercised even by the so-called 'absolute state' in early modern times was in practice severely limited by institutional, social and other factors, and that effective policy was the result of an...

Mercenaries, Pirates, and Sovereigns: State-Building and Extraterritorial Violence in Early Modern Europe.
September 1, 1996... Janice E. Thomsom, in Mercenaries, Pirates, and Sovereigns. State-Building and Extraterritorial Violence in Early Modern Europe (Princeton: U.P., 1994; pp. xi + 219. N.p.) examines the relationship between the ambition of rulers to monopolize the...

A Regional History of England: Lancashire and Cheshire from AD 1540.
September 1, 1996... During the later Middle Ages both Lancashire and Cheshire enjoyed palatinate status, which afforded them a measure of governmental independence and left them a little detached from the mainstream, a position enhanced by areas of sanctuary and...

Mission Culture on the Upper Amazon: Native Tradition, Jesuit Enterprise and Secular Policy in Moxos, 1660-1880.
September 1, 1996... Bounded by the Andes mountains to the southwest and the Brazilian highlands to the northwest, the Moxos region in the northern part of what is now Bolivia (during the three centuries of Spanish rule 'Upper Peru') covers some 200,000 square...

Political Alignment in the French National Assembly: 1789-1791.
September 1, 1996... Harriet B. Applewhite's Political Alignment in the French National Assembly, 1789-1791 (Baton Rouge/London: Louisiana State U.P., 1993; pp. xxxii + 279. [pounds]42.75), albeit long in the making, offers further testimony to the revival of...

The United Irishmen: Popular Politics in Ulster and Dublin, 1791-1798.
September 1, 1996... It is a measure of how significant the decade of the 1790s is to the history, the mythology, the folk memory of Ireland that it was then that green became emblematic of the national cause, that Ireland was styled the 'Emerald Isle', that the...

Industrial Regions in Transformation: Historical Roots and Patterns of Regional Structural Change: A European Comparison.
September 1, 1996... What caused industrial regions in Europe to arise, and later to decline? Rainer Schulze has attempted to answer these questions by inviting a number of experts on regional history to a conference and publishing the result as Industrial Regions in...

The Diaries of Absalom Watkin: A Manchester Man, 1787-1861.
September 1, 1996... Magdalen Goffin's edition of The Diaries of Absalom Watkin. A Manchester Man, 1787-1861 (Stroud: Alan Sutton, 1993; pp xiii + 390. [pounds]16.99) is an important contribution to our understanding of the nineteenth-century urban middle class. Born...

A Hungarian Quo Vadis: Political Trends and Theories of the Early 1840s.
September 1, 1996... More than any previous period in Hungarian history, the dynamic 1840s brought the country closer to the West. Yet the trajectory of changes was uneven, and the objectives enunciated by various individuals and groups were weighed down by their...

A Strong Supporting Cast: The Shaw Lefevres, 1789-1936.
September 1, 1996... In 1789 Charles Shaw, a clergyman, married Helena Lefevre, the daughter of a wealthy Huguenot family, who inherited estates at Heckfield and Burley in Hampshire. F. M. G. Wilson's A Strong Supporting Cast. The Shaw Lefevres, 1789-1936...

The Origins of the Crimean War.
September 1, 1996... When books appear in edited series where does the responsibility for shortcomings lie? David M. Goldfrank's The Origins of the Crimean War (London: Longman, 1994; pp. xiv + 344. [pounds]32; pb. [pounds]13.99) will raise this question in the minds...

Englishe Akten zur Geschichte des Krimkriegs. Vol.III:3. Dezember 1854 bis 9. September 1855.
September 1, 1996... No German state was an active belligerent in the Crimean War, yet the conflict seems to have a particular fascination for modern German scholars. An enormous project is under way involving the publication of diplomatic documents of all five of...

Landlords and Tenants in Mid-Victorian Ireland.
September 1, 1996... Since 1930 published and unpublished specialized studies of the abysmal Irish Victorian land system have proliferated. But W. E. Vaughan's Landlords and Tenants in Mid-Victorian Ireland (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1994; pp. xxii + 339. [pounds]40) is...

The German Idea of Militarism: Radical and Socialist Critics, 1866-1914.
September 1, 1996... Nicholas Stargardt's The German Idea of Militarism. Radical and Socialist Critics, 1866-1914 (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; p. xiv + 232. [pounds]35; pb. [pounds]16.95) argues that 'Because militarism is a rhetorical rather than a rigorous theoretical...

Policing Morals: The Metropolitan Police and the Home Office, 1870-1914.
September 1, 1996... Stefan Petrow's Policing Morals. The Metropolitan Police and the Home Office, 1870-1914 (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1994; pp. xiii + 343. [pounds]35) is an intensively researched, if unintensively analyzed, study of the reinvention of the state as a...

The Naval Policy of Austria-Hungary, 1867-1918: Navalism, Industrial Development and the Politics of Dualism.
September 1, 1996... Even among military historians, knowledge of the Austro-Hungarian navy and the naval policy of the government is a specialized field. All historians know the names of Admirals Tegetthoff and Horthy, and the naval mutiny in Kotor (Cattaro) in...

Before the Heroes Came: Antarctica in the 1890s.
September 1, 1996... Some may wonder how a continent could have a history before any human beings have touched its shores. In Before the Heroes Came. Antarctica in the 1890s (Lincoln, Neb./London: U. of Nebraska P., 1994; pp. xi + 160. [pounds]19.95), T. H. Baughman...

Citizen, State, and Social Welfare in Britain: 1830-1930.
September 1, 1996... There was a time not long ago when the history of twentieth century social policy was written largely in terms of a one-way transition from the private to the public spheres. Individual philanthropists, self-help schemes and private charities...

Government, Industry and Rearmament in Russia: 1900-1914, The Last Argument of Tsarism.
September 1, 1996... Peter Gatrell has been working on the development of industry in the latter stages of the Russian empire for many years, at least since the early days of the Study Group on the Russian Revolution in 1974-5. His work has stimulated thought and...

Hooliganism: Crime, Culture and Power in St Petersburg, 1900-1914.
September 1, 1996... At first sight the topic of hooliganism in St Petersburg might seem rather an obscure subject upon which to write a monograph of almost three hundred pages. It is a measure of Joan Neuberger's achievement in Hooliganism. Crime, Culture and Power...

After the Victorians: Private Conscience and Public Duty in Modern Britain.
September 1, 1996... Hans Kleyff was born in Berlin in 1924, fled in the thirties to England, where he received a public school education, moved to America, where he studied literature, then, as Harvard professor John Clive, achieved eminence as a proponent of a...

The Making of Modern South Africa: Conquest, Segregation and Apartheid.
September 1, 1996... Good, scholarly one-volume overviews of South African history are not plentiful. The Making of Modern South Africa. Conquest, Segregation and Apartheid, by Nigel Worden (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994; pp. xvi + 166. [pounds]25; pb. [pounds]6.99), is...

Lord Curzon: The Last of the British Moghuls.
September 1, 1996... As every schoolboy knows, George Nathaniel Curzon was a most superior person, and yet he did not become Prime Minister. Nayana Goradia is not much interested in why Curzon never entered 10 Downing Street, but in her book Lord Curzon. The Last of...

The Anzac Illusion: Anglo-Australian Relations During World War I.
September 1, 1996... One day in October 1918, Lloyd George made an interesting discovery. Studying a map of the world, he noticed that New Zealand lay to the east of Australia. He had, he confessed, always thought they were the other way around. That he had...

The Socialist Revolutionaries and the Russian Anti-War Movement: 1914-17.
September 1, 1996... Trotsky explained the runaway success of the Socialist Revolutionary party in the months after the February Revolution of 1917 as being that of a 'party for whom everybody votes except that minority which knows what it is voting for'. There is...

Louis Loucheur and the Shaping of Modern France, 1916-1931.
September 1, 1996... Stephen D. Carls's Louis Loucheur and the Shaping of Modern France, 1916-1931 (Baton Rouge/London: Louisiana State U.P., 1993; pp. xv + 330. [pounds]42.75) is a useful book about a good subject. Louis Loucheur emerged from a comparatively humble...

The Birth of Fascist Ideology: From Cultural Rebellion to Political Revolution.
September 1, 1996... While there may be agreement that the first Fascist movement was that founded in 1919 by Benito Mussolini, there is disagreement over who or what were its progenitors. In successive works Zeev Sternhell has hammered home the message that...

German Social Democracy and the Rise of Nazism.
September 1, 1996... In German Social Democracy and the Rise of Nazism (Chapel Hill/London: U. of North Carolina P., 1993; pp. xii + 398. $49.50), Donna Harsch provides a penetrating and thought-provoking account of the Social Democrats' political strategy during...