The English Historical Review articles from June 1999

The English Historical Review archives from June 1999

The Miracula Inventionis Beate Mylburge Virginis attributed to `the Lord Ato, Cardinal Bishop of Ostia'(*).(Critical Essay)
June 1, 1999... THE Miracula inventionis beate Mylburge virginis is an elusive document. It is potentially one of the most important works in the extensive corpus of hagiographical literature written in England after the Conquest. Many of those works portray...

Vox Piscis: or The Book-Fish: Providence and the Uses of the Reformation Past in Caroline Cambridge(*).(Critical Essay)
June 1, 1999... IN the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the universities of Oxford and Cambridge ranked among the most important religious and political arenas in the land. Along with the court, the Church and the Houses of Commons and Lords they were...

Sexual Politics and Political Ideology under the Savoyard Monarchy, 1814-21(*).(Critical Essay)
June 1, 1999... To mark the first Easter of his return to the throne, after a long exile during the Napoleonic occupation of his realms, Victor Emanuel I of Piedmont, Sardinia and Savoy chose as his preacher for the Easter Sunday sermon of 1815 in the royal...

Unpublished Burke Letters (II), 1765-97(*).(Critical Essay)
June 1, 1999... SIXTEEN letters of Edmund Burke are here printed for the first time. In the previous collection (ante, cxii. 119-41), ten of the fourteen new letters were to a single correspondent, William Wyndham Grenville (1759-1834). These are more...

The Birth of `Concurrent Endowment': George Cornewall Lewis, the London Review and the Irish-Church Debate, 1835-6(*).(Critical Essay)
June 1, 1999... `CONCURRENT endowment' entered the British political vocabulary early in 1836. It identified a policy designed to settle the troubled relations of Church and State in Ireland. Concurrent endowment meant the conferring of an income, whether in...

Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition, 400-1400.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Medieval Foundations of the Western Intellectual Tradition, 400-1400 MARCIA L. COLISH (New Haven/London: Yale U.P., 1997; pp. xii+388. 30 [pounds sterling]). This book is the first of a new series that aims to provide a chronological...

A Handlist of the Latin Writers of Great Britain and Ireland before 1540.(Review)
June 1, 1999... A Handlist of the Latin Writers of Great Britain and Ireland before 1540. By RICHARD SHARPE (Turnhout: Brepols, 1997; pp. xxxvii+912. Pb. BF3500). RICHARD Sharpe has provided medievalists with an invaluable tool for their studies. He...

Robert Parsons and English Catholicism, 1580-1610.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Robert Parsons and English Catholicism, 1580-1610. By MICHAEL L. CARRAFIELLO (Selingsgrove/London: Susquehanna U.E/Associated U.E, 1998; pp. 186. 27 [pounds sterling]). A Kingdom in Two Parishes. Lancashire Religious Writers and the English...

A Trial of Witches. A Seventeenth Century Witchcraft Prosecution.(Review)
June 1, 1999... A Trial of Witches. A Seventeenth Century Witchcraft Prosecution. By GILBERT GEIS and IVAN BUNN (London: Routledge, 1997; pp. xx+284.45 [pounds sterling], pb. 14.99 [pounds sterling]). Witchcraft and its Transformations c.1650-c.1750. By IAN...

Light to the Isles. Missionary Theology in Celtic and Early Anglo-Saxon Britain.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The chapters of Douglas Dales's Light to the Isles. Missionary Theology in Celtic and Early Anglo-Saxon Britain (Cambridge: Lutterworth P., 1997; pp. 208. 14.95 [pounds sterling]) are organized according to an interesting plan: apart from an...

The Lords of Battle, Image and Reality of the Comitatus in Dark-Age Britain.(Review)
June 1, 1999... `The social history of nations', thought Sir Lewis Namier, `is largely moulded by the forms and development of their armed forces'. This depressing observation was seldom truer (unless in the Eastern Europe of Sir Lewis's childhood) than in the...

The Anglo-Saxons from he Migration Period to the Eighth Century: An Ethnographic Perspective.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The Anglo-Saxons from the Migration Period to the Eighth Century: An Ethnographic Perspective, ed. John Hines (Woodbridge: Boydell P., 1997; pp. 480. 50 [pounds sterling]); is a glossily produced and rather expensive volume of conference...

Eveques et pouvoir dans le royaume de Germanie. Les eglises de Baviere et de Souabe, 876-973.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The Carolingian church' and `the Ottonian imperial church system' are shorthand expressions which trip readily -- too readily -- off the tongue. In Eveques et pouvoir dans le royaume de Germanie. Les eglises de Baviere et de Souabe, 876-973...

Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Modern scholarship's understanding of the Byzantine empire has been revolutionized in recent years by the increasing sophistication of auxiliary disciplines, above all, that of archaeology. The editing and translating of the vast corpus of...

The Spiritually Beneficial Tales of Paul, Bishop of Monembasia and of Other Authors.(Review)
June 1, 1999... John Wortley's translation and commentary of The Spiritually Beneficial Tales of Paul, Bishop of Monembasia and of Other Authors (Kalamazoo, Mich.: Cistercian Publications, 1996; pp. 225. $45, pb. $18.95) presents an intriguing collection of...

Byzantine Court Culture from 829 to 1204.(Review)
June 1, 1999... In his introduction to Byzantine Court Culture from 829 to 1204, ed. H. Maguire (Washington DC: Dumbarton Oaks, 1997; pp. x+264. $60), the editor rationalizes this volume in the following way: `While there have been important studies of...

Church Reform and Social Change in Eleventh-Century Italy. Dominic of Sora and His Patrons.(Review)
June 1, 1999... All history, they say, is local history; certainly all medieval Italian history was. A little-known regional hero of monastic reform is investigated by John Howe in Church Reform and Social Change in Eleventh-Century Italy. Dominic of Sora and...

Gesta Guillelmi.
June 1, 1999... No medieval manuscripts survive of the Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers (ed. R. H. C. Davis and Marjorie Chibnall, Oxford Medieval Texts: Oxford: U.P., 1988; pp. xlvii+199. N.p.), the encomium of the Conqueror written by one of his...

Benefici, livelli, feudi: intreccio di rapporti tra chierici e laici nella Tuscia medioevale (la creazione di una societa politica).(Review)
June 1, 1999... Benefici, livelli, feudi: intreccio di rapporti tra chierici e laici nella Tuscia medioevale (la creazione di una societa politica), by Amleto Spicciani (Pisa: Edizioni ETS, 1996; pp. 418. Pb. L48,000), is a handsome and thematically unified...

Astronomies and Cultures in Early Modern Europe.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Stephen C. McCluskey's Astronomies and Cultures in Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: U.P., 1998; pp. xiv+235. 40 [pounds sterling]) is a first-class history of astronomy in Europe between the fourth and the thirteenth centuries, analysing all the...

La memoire des ancetres, le souci des morts. Morts, rites et societe au Moyen Age (Dioscese de Liege, [XI.sup.e]-[XIII.sup.e] siecles).(Review)
June 1, 1999... `Ce livre ne parle pas de la mort' is the archly disconcerting first sentence; but La memoire des ancetres, le souci des morts. Morts, rites et societe au Moyen Age (Diocese de Liege, [XI.sup.e]-[XIII.sup.e] siecles) (Paris: Beauchesne, 1997;...

English Episcopal Acta. Vol XIV: Coventry and Lichfield, 1072-1159.(Review)
June 1, 1999... English Episcopal Acta. Vol. XIV: Coventry and Lichfield, 1072--1159, ed. M. J. Franklin (Oxford: U.P., for The British Academy, 1997; pp. lxvii+154. 25 [pounds sterling]), constitutes the latest addition to a valuable series of volumes, one...

Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The view of Latin settlement in Syria that has obtained since the work of the late R. C. Smail and Joshua Prawer in the 1950s is that the Frankish conquests remained a war-zone, subject to incessant attack by Muslim rulers from outside and...

The Cultures of His Kingdom: Roger II and the Capella Palatina in Palermo.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The Palermo Capella Palatina is, in Christopher Brooke's neat formulation, `the monument which above all others links us to [the] world' of King Roger II, `greatest of the Norman rulers of south Italy and Sicily'. How it does so, and what kind...

North of the Tees: Studies in Medieval British History.(Review)
June 1, 1999... North of the Tees. Studies in Medieval British History, ed. A. J. Piper and A. I. Doyle (Aldershot: Variorum, 1996; pp. xxxii+287. 47.50 [pounds sterling]) is a collection of H. S. Offler's work on north-eastern history, excluding only his...

The English Peasantry and the Growth of Lordship.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The patchy and often ambiguous source material available for writing the history of Anglo-Saxon England has tended to produce confidence and ambition rather than diffidence and particularism among its leading practitioners; and never more so...

Clonmacnois -- the Church and Lands of St Ciaran.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Annette Kehnel's Clonmacnois -- the Church and Lands of St Ciaran. Change and Continuity in an Irish Monastic Foundation, 6th to 16th century (Munster: LIT, 1997; pp. xi+356. DM59.80) aims to map the lands belonging to the important medieval...

The Letters and Charters of Cardinal Guala Bicchieri, Papal Legate in England, 1216-1218.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The two and a half years (May 1216-November 1218) when Guala Bicchieri of Vercelli acted as papal legate in England were of critical importance for the English church. He arrived in a time of civil war, when Louis of France had invaded England...

Robert the Bruce's Rivals: The Comyns, 1212-1314.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Robert the Bruce's Rivals: The Comyns, 1212-1314, by Alan Young (East Lothian: Tuckwell P., 1997; pp. xii + 244. Pb. 16.99 [pounds sterling]), delivers rather more than the title promises, for Dr. Young's analysis of Comyn/Bruce conflict in the...

On the Government of Rulers.
June 1, 1999... The writings of Thomas Aquinas have perhaps received more critical attention than those of any other medieval author: the Dominican Order's solicitude toward its most eminent doctor resulted in catalogues of his authentic works and manuscript...

Law and Disorder in Thirteenth-Century Ireland. The Dublin Parliament of 1297.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Although parliaments met in Ireland from the 1260s or earlier, and we have fragmentary memoranda of decisions taken in that of 1278, the parliament of 1297 is the first from which substantial legislation survives. This prefigures later...

Ireland and Britain, 1170-1450.(Review)
June 1, 1999... `We are English to the Irish, and Irish to the English.' So grumbles the Norman conquistador Maurice fitz Gerald, in Gerald of Wales's Expugnatio Hibernica in 1171, just one year into the colonization of Ireland! Over the following three...

Medieval Medicine in Illuminated Manuscripts.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Peter Murray Jones's Medieval Medicine in Illuminated Manuscripts (London: The British Library, 1998; pp. 111. 20 [pounds sterling]) is, in the authors' own words, a `slightly revised version of Medieval Medical Miniatures of 1984. Slight...

The Western Church in the Middle Ages.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Is it still possible to write an adequately comprehensive survey of the development of the medieval church in western Christendom within the pages of one comparatively small volume? Opinions are bound to vary; but in his The Western Church in...

Dal Gargano alla Toscana. II monachesimo riformato latino dei Pulsanesi (secoli XII-XIV).(Review)
June 1, 1999... Dal Gargano alla Toscana. II monachesimo riformato latino dei Pulsanesi (secoli XII-XIV), by Francesco Panarelli (Rome: Istituto Storico Italiano per il Medic Evo, 1997; pp. ix+311. Pb. n.p.), is the first comprehensive study for over fifty...

William Ockham. Opera Politica IV.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The first volume of William of Ockham's political writings edited by H. S. Offler appeared from Manchester University Press in 1940. A final collection of texts has now been issued by the British Academy in the series Auctores Britannici Medii...

La Noblesse au royaume de France de Philippe le Bel a Louis XII. Essai de synthese.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Those who have taught the medieval history of both France and England will know that the words `noblesse' and `nobility' have rather different meanings. Philippe Contamine's new book, La Noblesse au royaume de France de Philippe le Bel a Louis...

Marie-Madeleine dans la litterature du Moyen Age.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Elisabeth Pinto-Mathieu makes a substantial addition to the proliferating scholarship of her subject with Marie-Madeleine dans la litterature du Moyen Age (Paris: Beauchesne, 1997; pp. xiv+306. F240). This is an elegantly-written, learned,...

Storia di Torino, Vol. II: Il basso Medioevo e la prima eta moderna, 1280-1536.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Turin University is home to a prestigious tradition of medieval scholarship, and the city to an equally prestigious publisher, Einaudi. The two join forces in the second of a massive, nine-volume history of the city: Storia di Torino, Vol. II:...

Marriage in Italy, 1300-1650.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Those familiar with Crime, Society, and the Law in Renaissance Italy (1994: rev. ante, cxi. 967) will welcome this second collection of articles edited by Trevor Dean and K. J. P. Lowe, Marriage in Italy, 1300-1650 (Cambridge: U.P., 1998; pp....

Clean Hands and Rough Justice: An Investigating Magistrate in Renaissance Italy.(Review)
June 1, 1999... As the authors of Clean Hands and Rough Justice. An Investigating Magistrate in Renaissance Italy (Ann Arbor: U. of Michigan P., 1997, pp. 321, 4 plates. $52.50), David Chambers and Trevor Dean, point out, most studies in English of the...

La Orden de Santiago en el Siglo XV.(Review)
June 1, 1999... To study the Spanish military Orders as landowners is a very sensible, if hardly novel, approach; to present the findings in a statistical way should make it easier to pick out what is distinctively interesting about the case in hand. In some...

La Statuaire de la Mise au Tombeau du Christ des [XV.sup.e] et [XVI.sup.e] siecles en Europe occidentale.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Michel Martin's La Statuaire de la Mise au Tombeau du Christ des [XV.sup.e] et [XVI.sup.e] siecles en Europe occidentale (Paris: Picard, 1997; pp. 416. F350) is a very wordy investigation of a new iconographic sculptural theme that spread...

Illuminating the Book: Makers and Interpreters - Essays in Honour of Janet Backhouse.(Review)
June 1, 1999... It is like being a guest at the feast for an historian to review Illuminating the Book. Makers and Interpreters. Essays in Honour of Janet Backhouse, ed. Michelle P. Brown and Scot McKendrick, British Library Studies in Medieval Culture...

A Descriptive Catalogue of the Medieval Manuscripts of All Souls College, Oxford.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The library of All Souls is the oldest part of the college, for Henry Chichele sent down the first consignment of books to his new foundation in February 1438, some months before any building work was begun. Within a decade, the college...

Tudor Government: Structures of Authority in the Sixteenth Century.(Review)
June 1, 1999... David Loades, Tudor Government. Structures of Authority in the Sixteenth Century (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997; pp. xxii+296. 50 [pounds sterling]; pb. 14.99 [pounds sterling]), `makes no claim to originality of either content or method, but aims to...

The Atlas of Medieval Europe.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The Atlas of Medieval Europe, ed. Angus MacKay and David Ditchburn London/New York: Routledge, 1997; pp. ix+271. 55 [pounds sterling]; pb 15.99 [pounds sterling]), identifies and aims to meet a longstanding need for a clear and (it might be...

Una Societa anomala. Il programma e la sconfitta della nobilita Napoletana in due memoriali cinquecenteschi.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The two memoriali edited by Raffaele Ajello in Una Societa anomala. II programma e la sconfitta della nobilita Napoletana in due memoriali cinquecenteschi (Naples: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane, 1996; pp. 462. L50,000) take up less than a...

The Purchas Handbook. Studies of the Life, Times and Writings of Samuel Purchas, 1577-1626. With Bibliographies of His Books and of Works about Him.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The Purchas Handbook. Studies of the Life, Times and Writings of Samuel Purchas, 1577-1626. With Bibliographies of His Books and of Works about Him, vols. i-ii, ed. L. E. Pennington (London: Hakluyt Society, 1997; pp. xvii+811. 40 [pounds...

L'Edit de Nantes: Chronique d'une paix attendue.(Review)
June 1, 1999... In L'Edit de Nantes: Chronique d'une paix attendue (Paris: Fayard, 1998; pp. 449. F140), Janine Garrisson returns to the question of Huguenot legal recognition in France some thirteen years after her first important work on the topic, L'Edit de...

Kirche, Politik und adelige Regierung in der Republik Venedig zu Beginn des 15. Jahrhunderts.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The German contribution to the history of the Venetian Republic has grown in inverse proportion to the readiness of English-speaking historians to acknowledge its importance. Two of the most recent contributions to the work of scholars based in...

Urban Europe, 1500-1700.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Alexander Cowan's Urban Europe, 1500-1700 (London: Arnold, 1998; pp. ix+22, 40 [pounds sterling]; pb. 14.99 [pounds sterling]) is essentially a student textbook, clearly organized and well suited to its purpose. Its first five chapters bring...

Pierre Jeannin. Marchands du Nord. Espaces et trafics a l'epoque moderne. Textes reunis.(Review)
June 1, 1999... On the cover of this book is an old coloured townscape of Riga, though it could just as well have been Hamburg, Lubeck, Konigsberg, or even Antwerp or Narva. These studies focus on that part of northwestern Europe covered by the famous...

Tommaso Campanella and the Transformation of the World.(Review)
June 1, 1999... A general study of the ideas of Campanella has long been needed. The gap has at last been filled by Tommaso Campanella and the Transformation of the World, by John M. Headley (Princeton: U.P., 1997; pp. xxv+399. 42 [pounds sterling]). Beginning...

Early Modern Liberalism.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Annabel Patterson's Early Modern Liberalism (Cambridge: U.P., 1997; pp. ix+314. 35 [pounds sterling]) is at once historically fascinating and historiographically challenging. The author defines liberalism in terms of human beings as naturally...

Goldy Clergy in Early Stuart England. The Caroline Puritan Movement, c. 1620-1643.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Godly Clergy in Early Stuart England. The Caroline Puritan Movement, c. 1620-2643, by Tom Webster, (Cambridge: U.P., 1997; pp. xv+350. 40 [pounds sterling]), traces with subtlety and lively erudition the clerical networks of the godly ministry....

Von Regensburg nach Hamburg: die diplomatischen Beziechungen zwischen dem franzosischen Konig und dem Kaiser vom Regensburger Vertrag (13. Oktober 1630) bis zum Hamburger Praliminarfrieden (25. Dezember 1641).(Review)
June 1, 1999... In recent years German historians -- no doubt encouraged by the easier access to substantial archival material in what used to be eastern Germany -- have devoted considerable attention to specific aspects of the Thirty Years War, including...

Der Absolutismus -- ein Mythos? Strukturwandel monarchischer Herrschaft in West- und Mitteleuropa, ca. 1550-1700.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Recent debate about the nature of `absolutism' in early modern Europe has been reshaped by the partial or total rejection of a traditional and bureaucratic model of state-development, and by the assertion that political structures continued to...

The Invention of the Newspaper. English Newsbooks 1641-1649.(Review)
June 1, 1999... After somewhat tentative beginnings in the corantos and foreign newsbooks of the 1620s and 1630s, the printed newsbook finally emerged, and quickly became established, in England in November 1641. Thanks to the insatiable demand for news and,...

The News Rovolution in England: Cultural Dynamics of Daily Information.(Review)
June 1, 1999... After somewhat tentative beginnings in the corantos and foreign newsbooks of the 1620s and 1630s, the printed newsbook finally emerged, and quickly became established, in England in November 1641. Thanks to the insatiable demand for news and,...

Sir Henry Vane, Theologian: A Study in Seventeenth-Century Religious and Political Discourse.(Review)
June 1, 1999... In Sir Henry Vane, Theologian. A Study in Seventeenth-Century Religious and Political Discourse (Madison: Farleigh Dickinson U.P., 1997; pp. 370. 39.50 [pounds sterling]), David Parnham seeks to rescue Vane's theological writings from a...

Unbridled Spirits: Women of the English Revolution, 1640-1660.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Stevie Davies, in her Unbridled Spirits: Women of the English Revolution, 1640-1660 (London: The Women's P., 1998; pp. xii+356. 17.99 [pounds sterling]), notes of the Fifth Monarchist prophet, Mary Cary, that `either she or her publisher...

Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642-1660.(Review)
June 1, 1999... The canvas of David Goffman's Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642-1660 Seattle/London: U. of Washington P., 1998; pp. xv+310. $50) is a most interesting study of the subject; the frame surrounding it, about British empire-building in general,...

Burgundy to Champagne: The Wine Trade in Early Modern France.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Asked to draw up a short list of famous wine-producing regions, what oenophile or even mere quaffer would omit the two which are studied by Thomas Brennan in Burgundy to Champagne: The Wine Trade in Early Modern France (Baltimore/London: Johns...

England's Long Reformation, 1500-1800.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Historians are finding it harder than ever to agree when (or even if) the English Reformation was. But the editor and some contributors to England's Long Reformation, 1500-1800, ed. Nicholas Tyacke (London: UCL P., 1998; pp. xii+347. 40 [pounds...

The Uffculme Wills and Inventories, 16th to 18th Centuries.(Review)
June 1, 1999... When the Exeter Probate Office was bombed during the Second World War, most of the Devonshire inventories were destroyed. But, because Uffculme was a peculiar of the diocese of Salisbury, its documents were held in the Wiltshire record office...

The Severn Estuary: Landscape Evolution and Wetland Reclamation.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Stephen Rippon's The Severn Estuary. Landscape Evolution and Wetland Reclamation (Leicester: U.P., 1997; pp. xiii+318. 75 [pounds sterling]) examines the changing pattern of landscape exploitation around the Severn Estuary from the Iron Age...

Class and State in Ancien Regime France. The Road to Modernity?(Review)
June 1, 1999... In Class and State in Ancien Regime France. The Road to Modernity? (London: Routledge, 1996; pp. xvii+349. 40 [pounds sterling), David Parker brings us his distilled thoughts on seventeenth-century France based upon over thirty years of...

Giant of the Grand Siecle: The French Army, 1610-1715.(Review)
June 1, 1999... In some ways John A. Lynn's Giant of the Grand Siecle: The French Army, 1610-1715 (Cambridge: U.P., 1997; pp. xvii+628. 45 [pounds sterling]), admirably fulfils its aim of providing an all-round analysis of the development of the French army in...

John Law, Economic Theorist and Policy-Maker.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Professor Antoin Murphy adds usefully to the study of Law, in John Law, Economic Theorist and Policy-Maker (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1997, pp. 391. 40 [pounds sterling]), by making an economist's assault on this huge and unwieldy subject and...

Johann Lorenz Mosheim, 1692-1755. Theologie in Spannungsfeld von philosophie, Philologie und Geschichte.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Volume 77 of the Wolfenbuttler Forschungen published by the Herzog August Bibliothek consists of a series of lectures given in 1994 to a conference on the eighteenth-century Church historian Mosheim: Johann Lorenz Mosheim, 1692-1755. Theologie...

Visions and Revisions of Eighteenth-Century France.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Publishers look increasingly askance at the very thought of a festschrift. Whether, therefore, we should thank Penn State University for an encouraging broadness of mind, or else the editors in question for their machiavellian cunning in...

Frenchmen into Peasants. Modernity and Tradition in the Peopling of French Canada.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Leslie Choquette's Frenchmen into Peasants. Modernity and Tradition in the Peopling of French Canada (Cambridge, Mass./London: Harvard U.P., 1997; pp. 397. N.p.) deals with the trans-Atlantic migration of French people to New France and Acadia...

Les elites et les villes moyennes en France et en Angleterre, [17.sup.e]-[18.sup.e] siecles.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Though Francois-Joseph Ruggiu's book on Les elites et les villes moyennes en France et en Angleterre, [17.sup.e]-[18.sup.e] siecles (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1997; pp. 356. Pb. n.p.) started life as a thesis at the Sorbonne, it was a thesis of an...

The Brandy Trade under the Ancien Regime. Regional Specialisation in the Charente.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Louis Cullen knows more about the Irish merchant community in France during the early modern period than anyone. In The Brandy Trade under the Ancien Regime. Regional Specialisation in the Charente (Cambridge: U.P., 1998; pp. xvii+284. 45...

Gender in English Society, 1670-1850. The Emergence of Separate Spheres?(Review)
June 1, 1999... Bob Shoemaker's recent contribution to the history of gender, Gender in English Society, 1670-1850. The Emergence of Separate Spheres? (London: Longmans, 1998; pp. ix+334. 42 [pounds sterling]; pb. 14.99 [pounds sterling]) will be a valuable...

Religion and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century England. Theological Debate from Locke to Burke.(Review)
June 1, 1999... It is uncontroversial to say that eighteenth-century British religious discourse is not studied by present-day British historians in proportion to its salience in its own day (as compared, for example, with creative literature or political...

English Counties and Public Building, 1650-1850.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Christopher Chalklin's English Counties and Public Building, 1650-1850 (London: Hambledon P., 1998; pp. xiv+242; 40 [pounds sterling]) examines the expenditure of English counties on public works, notably bridges, shire halls and judges'...

Politics in Eighteenth Century Wales.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Politics in Eighteenth Century Wales, by P. D. G. Thomas (Cardiff: U. of Wales P., 1998; pp. xvi+268. 25 [pounds sterling]), synthesizes the lifetime's work of the leading living specialist on Welsh political and electoral history during the...

The English Print, 1688-1802.(Review)
June 1, 1999... In 1769, when the poet Thomas Gray made a tour through the mountains and lakes of Northern England, he was constantly reminded that he was following in the steps of printmakers. Many of the picturesque scenes that he admired had already been...

Merchants and Empire. Trading in Colonial New York.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Cathy Matson's Merchants and Empire. Trading in Colonial New York, (Baltimore/London: Johns Hopkins U.P., 1998; pp. x+458. 37 [pounds sterling]) is a meticulous investigation of the business activities of New York's lesser merchants throughout...

Civil Tongues and Polite Letters in British America.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Unlike much recent scholarship in early American history, the starting point of David S. Shields, Civil Tongues and Polite Letters in British America (Chapel Hill, NC/London: U. of North Carolina P., 1997; pp. xxxii+348. 38.50 [pounds...

Poland's Last King and English Culture: Stanislaw August Poniatowski, 1732-1798.(Review)
June 1, 1999... Since Jean Fabre's seminal work (published in Paris in 1952) on King Stanislaw August Poniatowski and the European Enlightenment, and Emanuel Rostworowski's publications in Poland in the 1960s, much has been done to rehabilitate the last king...

Progress, Poverty, and Population: Re-reading Condorcet, Godwin and Malthus.(Review)
June 1, 1999... It is predicted that the global population will be ten billions in 2050. A population of that size could exhaust the world's supply of oil in seven years and the supply of fossil fuels in under a century. Clearly, there is cause for anxiety,...