The English Historical Review articles from April 1997

The English Historical Review archives from April 1997

New learning and broken friendship.
April 1, 1997... On 16 July 1538 James Prestwich was riding north towards Durham when he fell into company with two men from Allendale in Northumberland. Asked where he came from and where he was going, he replied that he was from Loughborough, and travelling...

Communications and Power in Medieval Europe, 2 vols.
April 1, 1997... Born in Germany in 1920, Karl Leyser came to England in 1936. Interned as an enemy alien at the start of the war, he finished it as a captain in the Black Watch who had been mentioned in dispatches, and he continued to serve as a territorial...

Peter des Roches, An Alien in English Politics: 1205-1238.
April 1, 1997... Nicholas Vincent's excellent, massively-researched biography of Peter des Roches, bishop of Winchester, marks a major advance in our understanding of the thirty-year career of a seminal political figure who was between 1232-4 Henry III's...

William Tyndale: A Biography.
April 1, 1997... There are few certain facts in Tyndale's life. As Professor Daniell points out, it attracts speculation like Shakespeare's. We do not know the exact date of Tyndale's birth or (more surprisingly) his death, and in between many questions remain...

Gender, Sex and Subordination in England: 1500-1800.
April 1, 1997... I am far from alone in welcoming yet another excellent and thought provoking study from the pen of Anthony Fletcher. He draws upon a wide knowledge of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century printed literature to reconstruct the contemporary debates...

The Age of Salisbury: 1881-1902. Unionism and Empire.
April 1, 1997... The Third Marquis of Salisbury has enjoyed somewhat of an historical revival in the past decade. For a long period he dwelt in the shadow of Disraeli, which in terms of their respective political achievements was always unreasonable. Salisbury...

Cadbury Castle, Somerset: The Early Medieval Archaeology.
April 1, 1997... Leslie Alcock's Cadbury Castle, Somerset. The Early Medieval Archaeology (Cardiff: U. of Wales P., 1995; pp. x + 188. [pounds]35) provides us with the definitive report on a key site for the archaeology and history of Dark Age Britain and, to a...

Armagh and the Royal Centres in Early Medieval Ireland: Monuments, Cosmology, and the Past.
April 1, 1997... N. B. Aitchison in Armagh and the Royal Centres in Early Medieval Ireland. Monuments, Cosmology, and the Past (Woodbridge: Cruithne P./Boydell and Brewer, 1994; pp. x + 356. [pounds]39.50) is concerned with the way in which monuments express...

Kings of Celtic Scotland.
April 1, 1997... The early history of Scotland and its kings has long provided fertile ground for historians bent on bringing order to the apparent chaos of medieval records in northern Britain. It is not that Scotland is lacking in reliable early medieval...

The Early Medieval Bible: Its Production, Decoration and Use.
April 1, 1997... The Bible is the most widely and consistently disseminated book ever written. Its story is intimately entangled with the history of European culture at every level. The Early Medieval Bible. Its Production, Decoration and Use, ed. Richard...

Le Conventum(vers 1030): Un precurseur aquitain des premieres epopees.
April 1, 1997... The centrepiece of Le Conventum (vers 1030). Un precurseur aquitain des premieres epopees, by George Beech, Yves Chauvin and Georges Pon (Geneva: Librairie Droz, 1995; pp. 190. Pb.n.p) is a Latin text describing how Hugh Chiliarchus ('leader of...

Conquest and Colonisation: The Normans in Britain, 1066-1100.
April 1, 1997... So much ink has been spilt over the Norman Conquest that it is becoming difficult to hack a way through the verbiage. Brian Golding's Conquest and Colonisation. The Normans in Britain. 1066-1100 (London: Macmillan, 1994; pp. xiv + 227. Pb....

The Medieval Warhorse from Byzantium to the Crusades.
April 1, 1997... Ann Hyland has an established reputation for well-researched and readable books on equestrian topics, and those familiar with her volumes on the horse in the Roman world will not be disappointed with The Medieval Warhorse from Byzantium to the...

Warfare and the Anglo-Norman Kings: 1066-1135.
April 1, 1997... Anglo-Norman military history, involving as it does such controversial questions as the effects of the Norman Conquest and the status and duties of knights, has been the subject of a flood of studies over the past century. While a number of...

Anglo-Norman Medicine.
April 1, 1997... Tony Hunt continues vigorously with his project of rescuing Anglo-Norman medical texts from oblivion. In Popular Medicine in Thirteenth-Century England (rev. ante, cviii.1002), he edited a selection of practical texts and receipts. Now he has...

Bernhard von Clairvaux: Rezeption und Wirkung im Mittelalter und in der Neuzeit.
April 1, 1997... Writing in 1802 to Goethe, Schiller branded St Bernard 'a crafty clerical scoundrel'. The Enlightenment recoiled from his political activities and seemingly ruthless willfulness, and from his treatment of opponents like Abelard. It, rather than...

Chivalry in Twelfth-Century Germany: The Works of Hartmann von Aue.
April 1, 1997... Importing French culture, especially in chivalric literature, was a fashionable pursuit of the upper levels of German society in the second half of the twelfth century. W. H. Jackson's Chivalry in Twelfth-Century Germany. The Works of Hartmann...

Barcelona and its Rulers: 1096-1291.
April 1, 1997... When Barcelona was sacked by the Muslim hajib al-Mansur in 985, no one could have foreseen the bright future that lay ahead for the small frontier city. During the next 300 years, Barcelona would be transformed from a relatively humble...

Miscel.lania de Textos Medievals vol. 7.
April 1, 1997... The invaluable series of Miscel.lania de Textos Medievals continues with Vol. VII, in the ever-capable care of Maria Teresa Ferrer i Mallol (Barcelona: Consell Superior d'Investigacions Cientifiques, 1994; pp. 630. Pb.n.p.). Nine authors...

Angevin England: 1154-1258.
April 1, 1997... Textbooks nowadays come in various types. Richard Mortimer in Angevin England, 1154-1258 (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994; pp. xi + 266.[pounds]25) eschews a conventional narrative in favour of a wide-ranging introductory survey. In five chapters...

England and Normandy in the Middle Ages.
April 1, 1997... The intimate enmity between England and France was the overriding dynamic of English history throughout much of the Middle Ages - and for centuries thereafter. And after a Norman duke, a vassal of the French crown, won England and thereby...

Charters of the Medieval Hospitals of Bury St Edmunds.
April 1, 1997... The publication of Suffolk charters goes from strength to strength. The latest volume, Charters of the Medieval Hospitals of Bury St Edmunds, ed. Christopher Harper-Bill (Woodbridge: Boydell P., for Suffolk Records Society, 1994; pp. xv +...

Scotichronicon, vol 4.
April 1, 1997... Walter Bower's Scotichronicon. Vol. IV: Books VII and VIII, ed. David J. Corner et al. (Edinburgh: Mercat P., 1994; pp. xxxvi + 666.[pounds]35) is the sixth volume (of nine) to appear in this huge project. It should be said at once that this...

The Saints in Iceland: Their Veneration from the Conversion to 1400.
April 1, 1997... Medieval Iceland's habits of veneration are recorded not only in saints' lives, sagas, and the laws, but also in the peculiar maldagar, or charters specifying dedications and property which were read out annually in each church. Margaret...

Louis VIII: Le Lion.
April 1, 1997... Gerard Sivery is a distinguished medievalist who has recently turned his hand to political narrative. Over the past ten years, he has published no less than five popular biographies of the thirteenth-century kings and queens of France. The...

Arabic Historical Thought in the Classical Period.
April 1, 1997... The purpose of Tarif Khalidi's Arabic Historical Thought in the Classical Period (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xiii + 250.[pounds]35) is not to provide a survey of Arabic historiography as such, but rather to set the thought and writings of...

Chronique des Ayyoubides.
April 1, 1997... Among the historians of Ayyubid Egypt and Damascus in the period after the death of Saladin, al-Makin ibn al-'Amid stands out as being of particular interest. The portion of his universal history that relates to his own lifetime has now been...

Natura, scienze e societa medievali, vol 2, Le scienze alla corte di Federico II.
April 1, 1997... The first in the excellent new Brepol series of yearbooks on nature, science and medieval society was on the theme 'Discourses of the Body'; and the third, scheduled for 1995, was concerned with 'The Crises of Alchemy'. What distinguishes the...

The Thurgarton Cartulary.
April 1, 1997... As Trevor Foulds explains in the introduction to his monumental edition of The Thurgarton Cartulary (Stamford: Paul Watkins, 1994; pp. ccxxi + 813.[pounds]75), only a small fraction of the charter evidence for medieval Nottinghamshire has been...

Mongols and Mamluks: The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War, 1260-1281.
April 1, 1997... The Mamluk sultanate, which ruled Egypt and Syria for 250 years before being absorbed into the Ottoman Empire, was forged in the heat of conflict with the Mongol Ilkhans of Iran and Iraq in the mid-thirteenth century. The formative period of...

Medieval Ships and Shipping.
April 1, 1997... Medieval Ships and Shipping, by Gillian Hutchinson (Leicester: U.P., 1994; pp. xi + 219.[pounds]39.50), is the fourth in the series, 'The Archaeology of Medieval Britain', edited by Helen Clarke. The author has been a curator at the National...

Knights and Warhorses: Military Service and the English Aristocracy under Edward III.
April 1, 1997... Through a methodical and meticulous study of the archives of the fourteenth-century English state, Andrew Ayton, in Knights and Warhorses. Military Service and the English Aristocracy under Edward III (Woodbridge: Boydell P., 1994; pp. xiv +...

Arms, Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War.
April 1, 1997... The latest book on the Hundred Years War, Arms, Armies and Fortifications in the Hundred Years War, ed. Anne Curry and Michael Hughes (Woodbridge: Boydell P., 1994; pp. xviii + 221.[pounds]39.50), attempts to move the focus of research away...

The Register of John Waltham, Bishop of Salisbury: 1388-1395.
April 1, 1997... John Waltham occupied a unique place in the political upheavals of Richard II's reign; an adherent of Thomas Arundel and promoted bishop of Salisbury during the period of Appellant power, his good service as Keeper of the Privy Seal and...

Medieval Towns.
April 1, 1997... The aim of John Schofield and Alan Vince's Medieval Towns (London: Leicester U.P., 1994; pp. xii + 243.[pounds]40; pb.[pounds]14.99) is to show that archaeological evidence can make a positive contribution to our understanding of British...

La Comunita dei Lucchesi a Venezia: Immigrazione e industria della seta nel tardo medioevo.
April 1, 1997... The Ghibelline reconquest of Lucca in 1314 is normally viewed as inducing the dispersion of the skills and techniques of the silk industry by emigrating Guelfs, thereby creating competition for Lucca in Tuscany and further afield. Louis Green...

Danmark i Senmiddelalderen.
April 1, 1997... Much recent research in late medieval Danish history has been liberated both from nationalist introspection and from the ruthless application of concepts and models. As Nils Hybel has argued since 1989, the 'late medieval agrarian crisis',...

Kurie und Ortskirche: Die Beziehungen zwischen Salzburg und dem papstichen Hof unter Martin V., 1417-1431.
April 1, 1997... Kurie und Ortskirche. Die Beziehungen zwischen Salzburg und dem papstlichen Hof unter Martin V., 1417-1431 (Tubingen: Max Niemeyer, 1994; pp. xii + 575. DM166), by the Austrian historian Sabine Weiss, is basically a prosopographical study of...

Philippe de Commynes: Un historien a l'aube des temps modernes.
April 1, 1997... Two volumes of Jean Dufournet's papers on Philippe de Commynes appeared in 1975 and 1982; a third, Philippe de Commynes. Un historien a l'aube des temps modernes (Brussels: DeBoeck Universite, 1994; pp. 318. BF1750) reprints material which has...

Valois Guyenne: A Study of Politics, Government and Society in Late Medieval France.
April 1, 1997... In Valois Guyenne. A Study of Politics, Government and Society in Late Medieval France (Woodbridge: Boydell P., for the Royal Historical Soc., 1994; pp. x + 227. [pounds]35), Robin Harris contributes a useful and welcome volume to the history...

Louis XII.
April 1, 1997... King Louis XII of France was acclaimed in 1506 by the spokesman of the notables assembled at Blois as 'the father of the people'. He became renowned for his efforts to spare his subjects taxes, to give them justice and to provide them with...

Roma Capitale: 1447-1527.
April 1, 1997... 'Yet another convegno about Renaissance Rome!' exclaims Giorgio Chittolini, almost apologetically, in his introduction to Roma Capitale, 1447-1527, ed. Sergio Gensini (Rome: Ministero per i Beni Culturali e Ambientali/Ufficio Centrale per i...

Trade and Urban Development in Poland: An Economic Geography of Cracow, from its Origins to 1795.
April 1, 1997... What is the aim of historical geography? Can a historian appreciate its results? In his Trade and Urban Development in Poland. An Economic Geography of Cracow, from its Origins to 1795 (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xxii + 511. [pounds]60), F. W....

Hagiographies: Histoire internationale de la litterature hagiographique latine et vernaculaire en Occident des origines a 1550.
April 1, 1997... Hagiographies. Histoire internationale de la litterature hagiographique latine et vernaculaire en Occident des origines a 1550, vol. i, ed. Guy Philippart (Turnhout: Brepols, 1994; pp. 512. Pb.n.p.) is the first volume of a projected four in...

Tudor Political Culture.
April 1, 1997... Tudor Political Culture, ed. Dale Hoak (Cambridge: U.P., 1995; pp. xxiii + 326. [pounds]45), promises 'original scope and methodology', 'hitherto untapped' sources, and 'the latest techniques for the discovery of lost mentalities'. It provides...

The Problem of Ireland in Tudor Foreign Policy: 1485-1603.
April 1, 1997... In recent years the dominant nationalist historiography of Tudor England has been challenged by developments in related fields, notably in Tudor Ireland and by New British perspectives on the Tudor state. Tudor Ireland is now indeed something...

The Chief Governors: The Rise and Fall of Reform Government in Tudor Ireland, 1536-1588.
April 1, 1997... What went wrong with the Tudors' plans for Ireland and why the island proved so unruly are questions which have long puzzled a series of talented historians. The latest to propose answers is Ciaran Brady, whose The Chief Governors. The Rise and...

The Scandinavian Reformation from Evangelical Movement to Institutionalisation of Reform.
April 1, 1997... The triumph of Lutheranism in the Scandinavian countries to such an extent that even today the vast majority of their inhabitants still profess at least nominal allegiance to the faith is unique in the history of Protestantism. The outlines of...

Reading Holinshed's Chronicles.
April 1, 1997... Annabel Patterson, in Reading Holinshed's Chronicles (Chicago/London: U. of Chicago P., 1994; pp. xviii + 339. [pounds]34.50; pb. [pounds]13.50), seeks to rehabilitate 'Holinshed', a source book of Shakespeare's and other history plays, as a...

Essex Wills: The Bishop of London's Commissary Court, 1569-1578.
April 1, 1997... Essex Wills. The Bishop of London's Commissary Court, 1569-1578, ed. F. G. Emmison (Chelmsford: Essex Record Office, with the Friends of Historic Essex, 1994; pp. xii + 274. Pb. n.p.), is a further volume in the heroic listing of Essex wills,...

The Great Rebuildings of Tudor and Stuart England: Revolutions in Architectural Taste.
April 1, 1997... The concept of the 'great rebuilding' was given currency by W. G. Hoskins's seminal article in Past and Present, 1953 (reprinted in his essays, Provincial England, 1963). The title of Colin Platt's book, The Great Rebuildings of Tudor and...

The Funeral Effigies of Westminster Abbey.
April 1, 1997... The Funeral Effigies of Westminster Abbey, ed. Anthony Harvey and Richard Mortimer (Woodbridge: Boydell P., 1994; pp. xiv + 201. [pounds]35) are of three sorts. First, and most interesting to the historian, there are the full-length supine...

Politics, Ideology and the Law In Early Modern Europe: Essays in Honor of J.H.M. Salmon.
April 1, 1997... Politics, Ideology and the Law In Early Modern Europe. Essays in Honor of J. H. M. Salmon (Rochester, NY: U.P., 1994; pp. xii + 186. [pounds]39.50), ed. Adrianna E. Bakos, is a nice little Festschrift for one of the best-known English-speaking...

Edo and Paris: Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era.
April 1, 1997... Although an interest in comparative history appears to be increasing, studies concerned with more than one continent remain rare. Edo and Paris. Urban Life and the State in the Early Modern Era, ed. James L. McClain, John M. Merriman and Ugawa...

England and the North: The Russian Embassy of 1613-1614.
April 1, 1997... On 7 November 1613 in the new Banqueting House King James I received a Russian embassy, headed by Aleksei Ivanovich Ziuzin and with Aleksei Vitovtov as its Secretary. The King had been on progress when the Russians arrived at Gravesend two...

Art and Magic in the Court of the Stuarts.
April 1, 1997... The subject of magic at a Renaissance court most readily evokes the Emperor Rudolph II in his castle at Prague, absorbed in alchemy or astral studies, endeavouring to communicate with spirits, and using the arts as a medium for spiritual...

Evesham Borough Records of the Seventeenth Century: 1605-1687.
April 1, 1997... It is good to have the earliest surviving administrative records of two little-studied English boroughs in print. Stephen K. Roberts has edited an Order Book and Minute Book in Evesham Borough Records of the Seventeenth Century, 1605-1687...

Marranen in Madrid: 1600-1670.
April 1, 1997... Markus Schreiber has divided Marranen in Madrid, 1600-1670 (Stuttgart: Franz Steiner, 1994; pp. 455. Pb. DM 166) into three parts of unequal length. In the opening section he describes the influx into Castile, and Madrid in particular, of...

Noble Government: The Stuart Lord Lieutenancy and the Transformation of English Politics.
April 1, 1997... In spite of excellent recent studies of particular counties, of JPs and of the militia, and of local government in general, no single work has previously covered the seventeenth-century Lord Lieutenancy as a whole. In his Noble Government. The...

Loyalty and Locality: Popular Allegiance in Devon during the English Civil War.
April 1, 1997... In 1985 Professor David Underdown published Revel, Riot and Rebellion. Popular Politics and Culture in England, 1603-1660 (rev. ante, cii. 125), a challenging work which argued that during the Civil War 'contrasts in popular allegiance... were...

Milton and the Revolutionary Reader.
April 1, 1997... Sharon Achinstein's Milton and the Revolutionary Reader (Princeton: U.P., 1994; pp. xv + 272. [pounds]27.50) is a praiseworthy attempt to rescue Milton from those who see him as principally a student of the Greek and Roman classics. It is...

The Jews in the History of England: 1485-1850.
April 1, 1997... David S. Katz's The Jews in the History of England, 1485-1850 (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1994; pp. xv + 447. [pounds]40) is the second of three individual but companion volumes commissioned by Oxford University Press to replace the late Cecil...

The Danish Revolution: 1500-1800, An Ecohistorical Interpretation.
April 1, 1997... The publication by one of the foremost British publishers of a full translation of a doctoral dissertation originally written in Danish is not an everyday event. But no special pleading is needed in the case of Thorkild Kjaergaard, The Danish...

Natural Rights and the New Republicanism.
April 1, 1997... Michael P. Zuckert's Natural Rights and the New Republicanism (Princeton: U.P., 1994; pp. xx + 397. [pounds]33.50) was intended to be about the American Founding, but the author's 'prequel' got out of hand. Instead, it is about English...

Prices, Food and Wages in Scotland: 1550-1780.
April 1, 1997... Prices, Food and Wages in Scotland, 1550-1780, by A. J. S. Gibson and T. C. Smout (Cambridge: U.P., 1995; pp. xvi + 398. [pounds]50) is a valuable combination of long-span tables with qualitative commentary drawn from a wide range of sources....

Business and Religion in the Age of New France: 1600-1760, Twenty-two Studies.
April 1, 1997... As late as the 1950s, Quebec was largely a church-oriented society, and the same was true of most of its historians. As society has become increasingly secular, so have the historians. Not only are relatively few historians today interested in...

Louis XIV and the French Monarchy.
April 1, 1997... In Louis XIV and the French Monarchy (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers U.P., 1994; pp. xi + 352. $59), Andrew Lossky presents a picture of the King and his environment that stands rather apart from recent work on the reign. There is nothing here...

A Royal Passion: Louis XIV as Patron of Architecture.
April 1, 1997... Robert W. Berger crowns his previous books on architecture and gardens in the time of Louis XIV with A Royal Passion. Louis XIV as Patron of Architecture (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xix + 204. [pounds]35), a monograph devoted to the Sun King's...

Une Societe rurale en milieu rhenan: La paysannerie de la plaine d'Alsace, 1648-1789.
April 1, 1997... Even by the exacting standards of French doctoral theses, Jean-Michel Boehler's Une Societe rurale en milieu rhenan. La paysannerie de la plaine d'Alsace, 1648-1789 (3 vols. Strasbourg: Presses Universitaires, 1994; pp. 2469. Pb. F580) is a...

Sir Hans Sloane, Collector, Scientist, Antiquary, Founding Father of the British Museum.
April 1, 1997... It is a real tribute to a book about a great collector for its reviewer to be able to say that it gives an almost tactile sense of the collection which it celebrates. Yet this is what is achieved by Sir Hans Sloane. Collector. Scientist....

The Making of Strategy: Rulers, States and War.
April 1, 1997... Peter Paret's second edition of Makers of Modern Strategy. From Machiavelli to the Nuclear Age (Oxford: 1984) failed to distinguish adequately between those who develop ideas about strategy and those who practice it. In The Making of Strategy....

Social Change in the Age of Enlightenment: Edinburgh, 1660-1760.
April 1, 1997... R. A. Houston's Social Change in the Age of Enlightenment. Edinburgh, 1660-1760 (Oxford: Clarendon P., 1994; pp. x + 443. [pounds]45) is a work of considerable ambition. The first modern social history of Edinburgh for its chosen period, it is...

Poetry and Jacobite Politics in Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland.
April 1, 1997... The marriage of revisionist history and literary criticism has given birth to a generation of scholarly works devoted to Jacobite readings of Augustan texts. Murray G. H. Pittock's Poetry and Jacobite Politics in Eighteenth-Century Britain and...

The Patriot Opposition to Walpole: Politics, Poetry, and National Myth, 1725-1742.
April 1, 1997... Both historians and literary critics have long recognized the close connection between politics and literature in Augustan England, and in the years of Walpole's political dominance in particular. Studies of Pope, Swift, Gay, Thomson, Fielding...

Religion and Society in Kent: 1640-1914.
April 1, 1997... Religion and Society in Kent, 1640-1914, by Nigel Yates, Robert Hume and Paul Hastings (Woodbridge: Boydell P./Kent County Council, 1994; pp. 244. [pounds]35) is the second volume of the new Kent History Project, edited by Dr Yates. It is a...

Early Modern Conceptions of Property.
April 1, 1997... Even Macaulay, who would carry a folio tome for rapid reading on his afternoon walks, might have baulked at such a colossus as Early Modern Conceptions of Property, ed. John Brewer and Susan Staves (London: Routledge, 1995; pp. xiv + 599....

The Fountain of Privilege: Political Foundations of Markets in Old Regime France and England.
April 1, 1997... Hilton L. Root, in The Fountain of Privilege. Political Foundations of Markets in Old Regime France and England (Berkeley/Los Angeles: U. of California P., 1994; pp. xv + 280. $45), offers the reflections of a social scientist on the economic...

The Landed Estates of the Esterhazy Princes: Hungary during the Reforms of Maria Theresia and Joseph II.
April 1, 1997... The Esterhazys may have been the greatest magnates of eighteenth-century Hungary, but we remember them for the activities of their humble (well, fairly humble) Kapellmeister, Joseph Haydn. Haydn's service at Eisenstadt and Esterhaza furnishes a...

Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment.
April 1, 1997... The eighteenth century saw the appearance in France, Germany and Great Britain of a growing literature concerned with those parts of Europe east of the Vistula and Vienna - Poland, Hungary, the Balkans and Russia. This is now discussed and...

Samuel Johnson: Literature, Religion and English Cultural Politics from the Restoration to Romanticism.
April 1, 1997... Samuel Johnson. Literature, Religion and English Cultural Politics from the Restoration to Romanticism, by J. C. D. Clark (Cambridge: U.P., 1994; pp. xiv + 270. [pounds]30; pb. [pounds]12.95) is an unusual, learned, interesting book, but not...

Das Gluck der Bettler. Justus Moser und die Welt der Armen. Mentalitat und soziale Frage im Furstbistum Osnabruck zwischen Aufklarung und Sakularisation.
April 1, 1997... Justus Moser has always been hard to characterize. Was he part of the Enlightenment or not? And if so, where did he fit in the ranks of Aufklarer? While Manfred Rudersdorf contributes to this debate in 'Das Gluck der Bettler.' Justus Moser und...

Citizens without Sovereignty: Equality and Sociability in French Thought, 1670-1789.
April 1, 1997... Daniel Gordon's Citizens without Sovereignty. Equality and Sociability in French Thought, 1670-1789 (Princeton: U.P., 1994; pp. 270. [pounds]32) is based upon his doctoral thesis, completed at the University of Chicago under the revisionist...

Preserving the Monarchy: The Comte de Vergennes, 1774-1787.
April 1, 1997... With the collapse of the Marxist orthodoxy among historians of the French Revolution, it was only to be expected that there would be a resurgence of political studies of the later ancien regime. For if social explanation is to be cast aside it...

The Hebertistes to the Guillotine: Anatomy of a 'Conspiracy' in Revolutionary France.
April 1, 1997... Hundreds of volumes were published in the years either side of 1989 to mark the bicentenary of the French Revolution. Many, perhaps most, were ephemeral in their impact on the scholarly study of the subject. But among the handful whose...