Evidence-Based Mental Health articles from May 2001

Evidence-Based Mental Health archives from May 2001

Purpose and procedure.
May 1, 2001... The purpose of Evidence-Based Mental Health is to alert clinicians working in the field of mental health to important and clinically relevant advances in treatment (including specific interventions and systems of care), diagnosis, aetiology,...

Of studies, summaries, synopses, and systems: the "4S" evolution of services for finding current best evidence.(evidence-based healthcare)
May 1, 2001... Practical resources to support evidence-based healthcare decisions are rapidly evolving. New and better services are being created through the combined forces of increasing numbers of clinically important studies, increasingly robust evidence...

Evidence-based psychiatric/mental health nursin.
May 1, 2001... Psychiatric/mental health nursing is often like a house divided. Even the double name commonly used to describe our specialty-psychiatric/mental health-reflects possible ambivalence or duality of purpose, or both. It should not surprise anyone...

The addition of folic acid to fluoxetine for major depression increased response rates especially in women.
May 1, 2001... Coppen A, Bailey J. Enhancement of the antidepressant action of fluoxetine by folic acid: a randomised, placebo controlled trial. J. Affect Disord 2000 Nov; 60:121-30. QUESTION: In patients with major depression, does the addition of folio...

Cognitive behavioural therapy improved most sleep outcomes in insomnia secondary to chronic pain.
May 1, 2001... Currie SR, Wilson KG, Pontefract AJ et al. Cognitive-behavioral treatment of insomnia secondary to chronic pain. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000 Jun; 68:407-16. QUESTION: In patients with insomnia secondary to chronic pain, does cognitive...

Review: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce symptoms in premenstrual syndrome.
May 1, 2001... Dimmock PW, Wyatt KM, Jones PW, et al. Efficacy of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review. Lancet 2000 Sep 30;356:1131-6. QUESTION: In women with severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS), are...

Review: no evidence exists that antidepressants acting at [greater than]1 pharmacological site differ in efficacy from SSRIs in major depression.
May 1, 2001... Freemantle N, Anderson IM, Young P Predictive value of pharmacological activity for the relative efficacy of antidepressant drugs. Meta-regression analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2000 Oct; 177:292-302. QUESTION: When treating major depression,...

Review: antidepressants plus benzodiazepines lead to fewer dropouts and less depression severity at 4 weeks in major depression.
May 1, 2001... Furukawa T, Streiner DL, Young LT. Antidepressant plus benzodiazepine for major depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(4):CD001026 (latest version 29 Aug 2000). QUESTION: In adults with major depression, does combination treatment...

Review: behavioural interventions have a small to medium beneficial effect on diabetes management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
May 1, 2001... Hampson SE, Skinner TC, Hart J, et al. Behavioral interventions for adolescents with type I diabetes: how effective are they? Diabetes Care 2000 Sep;23:1416-22. QUESTION: In adolescents with type 1 diabetes, how effective are behavioural...

No difference in effectiveness existed between community and hospital based interventions for children with behavioural disorders.
May 1, 2001... Harrington R, Peters S, Green J, et al. Randomised comparison of the effectiveness and costs of community and hospital based mental health services for children with behavioural disorders. BNJ 2000 Oct 28;321:1047-50. QUESTION: In children...

Review: evidence on anxiolytic drugs for smoking cessation is inconclusive.
May 1, 2001... Hughes JR. Stead LF, Lanscaster T Anxiolytics for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(4):CD002849 (latest version 29 Aug 2000). QUESTION: Do drugs with anxiolytic properties help people to stop smoking? Data sources...

Nurse telehealth care reduced depressive symptoms and improved functioning.
May 1, 2001... Hunkeler EM, Meresman JF, Hargreaves WA, et al. Efficacy of nurse telehealth care and peer support in augmenting treatment of depression in primary care. Arch Fam Med 2000 Aug;9:700-8 QUESTIONS: In depressed patients, is adjunctive nurse...

A cognitive behavioural family intervention reduced psychiatric morbidity in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
May 1, 2001... Marriott A, Donaldson C, Tarrier N, et al. Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural family intervention in reducing the burden of care in carers of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Br J Psychiatry 2000 Jun, 176:557-62. QUESTION: Does a...

Virtual reality exposure was as effective as standard exposure for reducing fear of flying.
May 1, 2001... Rothbaum BO, Hodges L, Smith S, et al. A controlled study of virtual reality exposure therapy for the fear of flying. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000 Dec;68:1020-6 QUESTION: In adults with fear of flying, is virtual reality exposure (VRE) as...

Cognitive behavioural therapy was more effective for panic disorder when given with 6 hours of total therapist contact than with 2 or 0 hours.
May 1, 2001... Sharp DM, Power KG, Swanson V. Reducing therapist contact in cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia in primary care: global measures of outcome in a randomised controlled trial. Br J Gen Pract 2000 Dec;50:963-8. ...

Review: SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants increase response rates in post-traumatic stress disorder in the short term.
May 1, 2001... Stein DJ, Zungu-Dirwayi N, van Der Linden GJ, et al. Pharmacotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(4):CD002795 (latest version 20 Jul 2000). QUESTION: In patients with post-traumatic stress disorder...

Review: behavioural treatment has a small to moderate beneficial effect on chronic low back pain.
May 1, 2001... van Tulder MW, Ostelo R, Vlaeyen J W, et al Behavioural treatment for chronic low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;(1):CD002014 (latest version 15 Feb 2000). QUESTION: In patients with chronic non-specific low back pain, is...

Hypericum extract was as effective as imipramine but had fewer adverse effects in mild to moderate depression.
May 1, 2001... Woelk H for the Remotiv/Imipramine Study Group. comparison of St John's wort and imipramine for treating depression: randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2000 Sep 2;321:536-9. QUESTION: In patients with mild to moderate depression, how...

Poor insight, social avoidance, and better coping predicted prolonged duration of untreated psychosis in schizophrenia.
May 1, 2001... Drake RJ, Haley CJ, Akhtar 5, el al. Causes and consequences of duration of untreated psychosis in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2000 Dec; 177:511-5. QUESTION: In patients with a first admission of schizophrenia, what patterns of symptoms...

Review: women have worse outcomes than men after traumatic brain injury.
May 1, 2001... Farace E, Alves WM. Do women fare worse: a metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome. J Neurosurg 2000 Oct;93:539-45. QUESTION: In patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), do sex differences affect outcome?...

Approximately two thirds of adolescents with newly diagnosed eating disorders recovered within 5-11.5 years.(Brief Article)
May 1, 2001... Steinhausen HC Seidel R, Winkler Metzke C. Evaluation of treatment and intermediate and long-term outcome of adolescent eating disorders. Psychol Med 2000 Sep 30:1089-98. QUESTIONS: In adolescents with newly diagnosed eating disorders, how...

Depression was associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and death in older adults.
May 1, 2001... Ariyo AA, Haan M, Tangen CM, et al, for the Cardiovascular Health Study Collaborative Research Group. Depressive symptoms and risks of coronary heart disease and mortality in elderly Americans. Circulation 2000 Oct 10;102:1773-9. QUESTION:...

Review: 14 risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder include childhood abuse and family psychiatric history.
May 1, 2001... Brewin CR, Andrews B, Valentine JD. Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. J Consult Clin Psychol 2000 Oct;68:748-66. QUESTIONS: In adults exposed to trauma, what are the risk factors for...

Review: twin studies show that genes and individual environmental influences contribute to the aetiology of major depression.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
May 1, 2001... Sullivan PF, Neale MC, Kendler KS. Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2000 Oct;157:1552-62. QUESTIONS: Is major depression (MD) familial? What are the relative contributions of genes and...

Pharmacist medication review decreased death, and number and cost of drugs prescribed for residents in nursing homes.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
May 1, 2001... Furniss L, Burns A, Craig SK, et al. Effects of a pharmacist's medication review in nursing homes. Randomised controlled trial Br J Psychiatry 2000 Jun; 176:563-7. QUESTION: Does pharmacist medication review (PMR) affect quality of care...

Intensive case management was not more cost effective than standard case management for severe psychosis.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
May 1, 2001... UK 700 Group. Cost-effectiveness of intensive v standard case management for severe psychotic illness. UK700 case management trial. Br J Psychiatry 2000 Jun;176:537-43. QUESTION: In patients with severe psychosis, is intensive case...

GLOSSARY.(Brief Article)(Glossary)
May 1, 2001... Terms used in therapeutics (see glossary in Evidence-Based Mental Health 1998 May for more detail on numbers included in the tables) Allocation concealed: deemed to have taken adequate measures to conceal allocation to study group...

Partner support reduced depressive symptoms in postpartum depression.(Brief Article)
May 1, 2001... Misri S, Koslaras X, Fox D, et al. The impact of partner support in the treatment of postpartum depression. Can J Psychiatry 2000 Aug; 45:554-8. QUESTION: In women who receive treatment for postpartum depression (PPD), does encouraging...