Evidence-Based Mental Health articles from February 2003

Evidence-Based Mental Health archives from February 2003

Disseminating evidence-based mental health practices. (EBMH Notebook).
February 1, 2003... Why do people working in mental health fail to use evidence-based practices? A review of the literature suggests two main barriers to staff dissemination: 1) individual service providers lack the knowledge and skills to assimilate these...

Strategies for implementing evidence-based practices in routine mental health settings.
February 1, 2003... The term 'evidence-based medicine' was coined in 1990. Since then, the systematic use of scientific evidence in clinical decision-making has expanded. (1) The evidence-based medicine movement inspired parallel developments in mental health....

Resource corner.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... Economic, social and technological shifts have changed medical care, affecting relationships between patients and health professionals. Patients and clinicians are using new strategies and sources for acquiring health information, including the...

9% of a US community sample had a DSM-IV personality disorder. (Prevalence).
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What is the prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in the community? Is there a higher prevalence in some demographic subgroups? Design Cross sectional survey of participants followed up from a previous study....

22% of preschool children, 8% of primary school students and 3% of adolescents have tics.(tic disorders)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What is the prevalence of tics in a community sample of children? What is the relationship between tics and psychiatric symptoms? Design Cross sectional study. Setting 12 preschools and 16 public elementary and...

17% of people with traumatic brain injury attempted suicide.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What is the prevalence and correlates of suicidality following traumatic brain injury? Design Cross sectional study. Setting One hospital brain injury rehabilitation unit; Sydney Australia. Participants All...

Parents under-report children's suicide ideation and attempts.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Are there differences in the correlates of suicidal ideation in early adolescence reported by children and their parents? Design Cross sectional survey. Setting Quebec, Canada. Participants 825 adolescents,...

Young men who do not drink, as well as those who drink heavily, have high levels of depression and distress.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Do non-drinkers and hazardous/harmful drinkers have increased symptoms of depression and anxiety during young adulthood? Design Cross sectional analysis of population-based cohort study. Setting Canberra region,...

Existing psychological problems predict depression in primary care better than sociodemographic factors. (Aetiology).
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What are the risk factors for depressive episodes in primary care? Design Population-based cohort study with 1 year of follow up. Outcome assessors were blinded to baseline assessments. Setting 15 primary care...

Mothers depression in early childhood increases the risk of adolescent anxiety and depression.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Are anxiety and depression at 14 years related to poverty, marital break-up and maternal anxiety and depression during early childhood? Design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting Brisbane, Australia. ...

There was no sex difference in genetic correlations between neuroticism and major depression.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Are neuroticism and major depression more highly genetically correlated in females compared to males? Design Cross-sectional twin study. Setting Virginia, USA. Participants White twins born 1934-1974: 863...

Persistent early childhood developmental impairment may be associated with later schizophreniform disorder.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Can developmental impairments in childhood predict psychotic symptoms later in life? Design Population-based longitudinal cohort study. Setting Dunedin, New Zealand. Participants 1037 children born in...

Childhood motor impairment is associated with male anxiety at 11 and 16 years.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Do delayed childhood motor skills predict persistent anxiety in adolescence? Design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting United Kingdom. Participants 6850 people born during one week in March 1958...

Markers of minor brain damage are associated with developmental performance in preschool children.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Is there a relationship between minor neurological signs and later developmental performance in high risk preschool children? Design Cohort study. Setting One hospital in Montreal, Canada; January 1991 to June 1998....

Toddler temperament, cognition and caregiver interaction predict impulsive functioning.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What are the infancy and toddler-age precursors of inattention and impulsivity in school-age children? Design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting USA. Participants 89 children participating in the...

Three new childhood anxiety scales have comparable reliability and validity to traditional diagnostic scales. (Diagnosis).(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Are newer childhood scales valid and reliable for assessing anxiety in adolescents? Design Comparison of diagnostic scales (blinding not specified). Setting One secondary school in Belgium. Participants 521...

RBANS has reasonable test-retest reliability in schizophrenia.(Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status)(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What is the test-retest reliability of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) in people with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls? Design Case-control study with repeated tests....

Review: in obsessive-compulsive disorder, clomipramine may be more effective than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors after controlling for other factors. (Therapeutics).
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Which characteristics of published trials might account for differences in the effect of clomipramine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in obsessive-compulsive disorder? Data sources Studies were identified using...

Long term citalopram prevents recurrent depression in the elderly and is well tolerated.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What is the efficacy and long-term tolerability of citalopram for depression in elderly people? Design Open-label acute and continuation phase followed by randomised controlled parallel group trial of maintenance therapy...

Review: cognitive therapy may be no more effective than other bona fide psychological therapies for depression.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Is cognitive therapy more effective than other psychological treatments for depression? Design Reanalysis of meta-analysis conducted in 1998. Data sources The authors do not describe the data sources used in the...

Brief cognitive behavioural intervention delivered by nurses reduces overall symptoms in schizophrenia.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Can community psychiatric nurses effectively deliver a brief cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for people with schizophrenia? Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting 6 psychiatric secondary care...

10 mg intramuscular olanzapine reduces acute agitation in schizophrenia more effectively than lower doses.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What is the efficacy and safety of intramuscular olanzapine for acute agitation in schizophrenia? Is there a dose-response relationship? Design Allocation concealed placebo-controlled trial. Investigators, patients, clinical...

Olanzapine reduces mania more effectively than divalproex, but has more adverse effects.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What is the safety and efficacy of olanzapine compared to divalproex for people with acute bipolar mania? Design Multi-centre randomised parallel-group trial. Clinicians, assessors and participants were blind to treatment...

Sertraline with or without interpersonal psychotherapy reduces dysthymia symptoms over psychotherapy alone.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: For people with dysthymia, what are the long-term costs and effects of combining sertraline with interpersonal psychotherapy in primary care? Design Randomised 6 month trial with 18 month follow up (allocation concealed)....

High dose buprenorphine may be an effective interim treatment for long term heroin users waiting for drug-assisted rehabilitation.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: Can buprenorphine, without psychosocial treatment, help people waiting for drug-assisted rehabilitation from opiate dependency? Design Randomised controlled trial. Participants and staff were blind to treatment allocation,...

At 10 year follow up, brief interventions had no effect on harmful alcohol consumption.
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What is the long term impact of brief interventions for harmful alcohol consumption? Design 10-year follow up of a 9-month randomised controlled trial. Setting 6 general practices, 1 hospital outpatient service and 1...

Personality disorders have a differential effect on the outcome of anxiety disorders. (Prognosis).
February 1, 2003... QUESTION: What effect do personality disorders have on time to remission in people with generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder or social phobia? Design Multisite cohort study. Setting USA. Enrolment January...

Glossary.
February 1, 2003... Terms used in therapeutics Allocation concealed: the study adequately conceals study group allocation from those responsible for assessing participants at trial entry. Allocation not concealed: study group allocation was known to those...