Evidence-Based Mental Health articles from February 2002

Evidence-Based Mental Health archives from February 2002

The scientific evaluation of mental health treatments: an historical perspective (*). (EBMH Notebook).
February 1, 2002... Scientific and non-scientific evaluations of mental health treatments. The early randomised clinical trials in psychiatry The evaluation of treatments in medicine, done according to the rules of the scientific method, did not begin long...

Evidence-based practice and clinical social work.
February 1, 2002... The evidence-based practice (EBP) movement in mental health is beginning to influence the discipline of clinical social work (CSW). Given that clinical social workers are now the largest discipline (in terms of numbers of practitioners)...

A geriatric evaluation and management programme prevented functional decline and reduced depression in high risk older adults. (Therapeutics).
February 1, 2002... Boult C, Boult LB, Morishita L, et al. A randomized clinical trial of outpatient geriatric evaluation and management. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001 Apr;49:351-9. QUESTION: Can an outpatient geriatric evaluation and management (GEM) programme...

Lithium is more effective than placebo for preventing all relapses in patients with bipolar but not unipolar disorder.
February 1, 2002... Burgess S, Geddes J, Hawton K, et al. Lithium for maintenance treatment of mood disorders. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(2):CD003013 (latest version Sep 27 2000). QUESTION: In patients with recurrent mood disorder, is lithium more...

Risperidone was effective for aggression in adolescents with disruptive behaviour disorders and below average intelligence.
February 1, 2002... Buitelaar JK, van der Gaag RJ, Cohen-Kettenis P, et al. A randomized controlled trial of risperidone in the treatment of aggression in hospitalized adolescents with subaverage cognitive abilities. J Clin Psychiatry 2001 Apr;62:239-48. ...

Life skills training and booster sessions plus drinking reduction treatment was effective in heavily drinking women.
February 1, 2002... Connors GJ, Walitzer KS. Reducing alcohol consumption among heavily drinking women: evaluating the contributions of life-skills training and booster sessions. J Consult Clin Psychol 2001 Jun; 69:447-56. QUESTION: In problem drinking women...

Review: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing is not better than exposure therapies for anxiety or trauma.
February 1, 2002... Davidson PR, Parker KC. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): a meta-analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol 2001 Apr;69:305-16. QUESTION: Is eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) effective for trauma or anxiety? Do...

Brief psychodynamic interpersonal therapy after deliberate self poisoning reduced suicidal ideation and deliberate self harm.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2002... Guthrie E, Kapur N Mackway-Jones K, et al. Randomised controlled trial of brief psychological intervention after deliberate self poisoning. BMJ 2001 Jul 21;323:135-8. QUESTION: In patients with deliberate self poisoning, does brief...

Review: placebo is better than no treatment for subjective continuous outcomes and for treatment of pain.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2002... Hrobjartsson A, Gotzsche PC. Is the placebo powerless? An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment. N Engi J Med 2001 May 24;344:1594-602. QUESTIONS: In patients with various clinical conditions, what is the clinical...

Paroxetine but not imipramine improved depression related outcomes in adolescents with DSM-IV major depression.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
February 1, 2002... Keller MB, Ryan ND, Strober M, et al. Efficacy of paroxetine in the treatment of adolescent major depression: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001 Jul;40:762-72. QUESTION: In adolescents with major...

Review: iron treatment does not improve psychomotor development and cognitive function at 30 days in children with iron deficiency anaemia.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2002... Logan S, Martins S, Gilbert R. Iron therapy for improving psychomotor development and cognitive function in children under the age of three with iron deficiency anaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(2):CD001444 (latest version Feb 26 2001)....

Olanzapine was more effective than lorazepam at 2 hours but not at 24 hours in bipolar mania with acute agitation.
February 1, 2002... Meehan K, Zhang F, David S, et al. A double-blind, randomized comparison of the efficacy and safety of intramuscular injections of olanzapine, lorazepam, or placebo in treating acutely agitated patients diagnosed with bipolar mania. J Clin...

Ongoing contact for 2 years after discharge was associated with greater survival in patients at risk of post crisis suicide.(Statistical Data Included)(Brief Article)
February 1, 2002... Motto JA, Bostrom AG. A randomized controlled trial of postcrisis suicide prevention. Psychiatr Serv 2001 Jun; 52:828-33. QUESTION: In patients at risk of suicide who refuse follow up treatment, is ongoing contact after discharge from a...

Once a day Concerta methylphenidate was equivalent to 3 times daily methylphenidate in children with ADHD.(Brief Article)
February 1, 2002... Pelham WE, Gnagy EM Burrows-Maclean L, et al. Once-a-day Concerta methylphenidate versus three-times-daily methylphenidate in laboratory and natural settings. Pediatrics 2001 Jun;107:E105. QUESTION: In children with attention deficit...

Quintuple the daily maintenance dose of buprenorphine given every 5 days was associated with opioid withdrawal symptoms.(Statistical Data Included)
February 1, 2002... Petry NM, Bickel WK, Badger GJ. Examining the limits of the buprenorphine interdosing interval: daily, every-third-day and every-fifth-day dosing regimens. Addiction 2001 Jun;96:823-34. QUESTION: In patients with opioid dependence, is...

Repeated doses of porcine secretin did not improve symptoms, language, or cognitive functioning in children with autism or autism spectrum disorder.
February 1, 2002... Roberts W, Weaver L, Brian J, et al. Repeated doses of porcine secretin in the treatment of autism: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatrics 2001 May; 107:E71. QUESTION: In children with autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD),...

Cognitive treatment reduced symptoms and improved functioning in bipolar disorder.
February 1, 2002... Scott J, Garland A, Moorhead S. A pilot study of cognitive therapy in bipolar disorders, Psychol Med 2001 Apr;31:459-67. QUESTION: In patients with bipolar disorder (BD), does cognitive treatment (CT) reduce symptoms and improve...

St John's wort was not better than placebo for reducing depression scores.
February 1, 2002... Shelton RC, Keller MB, Gelenberg A, et al. Effectiveness of St John's wort in major depression. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001 Apr 18;285:1978-86. QUESTION: In patients with major depression (MD), is St John's wort (Hypericum...

Paroxetine and sertraline delayed ejaculation in heterosexual men with lifelong rapid ejaculation.
February 1, 2002... Waldinger MD, Zwinderman AH, Olivier B. Antidepressants and ejaculation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, fixed-dose study with paroxetine; sertraline, and nefazodone. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001 Jun;21:293-7. QUESTION: In...

Review: most laboratory tests do not add to the diagnostic accuracy of clinical criteria for dementia. (Diagnosis).
February 1, 2002... Knopman DS, DeKosky ST, Cummings JL, et al. Practice parameter: diagnosis of dementia (an evidence-based review). Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Neurology 2001 May 8;56:1143-53. QUESTIONS:...

A risk assessment system based on preoperative factors was fairly specific in predicting postoperative delirium risk in patients having major elective surgery. (Clinical Prediction Guide).
February 1, 2002... Litaker D, Locala J, Franco K, et al, Preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2001 Mar-Apr; 23:84-9. QUESTION: In patients having major elective surgery, can a risk assessment system based on preoperative...

A 4 stage model described how clients and their relatives experienced the process of developing schizophrenia. (Qualitative).
February 1, 2002... Barker S, Lavender T, Morant N. Client and family narratives on schizophrenia. Journal of Mental Health 2001;10:199-212. QUESTION: How is the process of developing schizophrenia presented in the narratives of clients and their family...

Parents' experiences of having children with a significant developmental disability.
February 1, 2002... Kearney PM, Griffin T. Between joy and sorrow: being a parent of a child with developmental disability. J Adv Nurs 2001 Jun;34:582-92. QUESTION: What are experiences of parents who have children with significant developmental disability?...

Drug users' experiences of injecting included descriptions of needle fixation.
February 1, 2002... McBride AJ, Pates RM, Arnold K, et al. Needle fixation, the drug user's perspective: a qualitative study. Addiction 2001 Jul; 96:1049-58. QUESTION: Do injection drug users describe needle fixation in their experiences of using needles? ...

General practitioners often used emotional responses for "referrals away" and intellectual decision making for "referrals to" in patients with mild depression and/or anxiety.
February 1, 2002... Nandy S. Chalmers-Watson C, Gantley M, et al. Referral for minor mental illness: a qualitative study. Br J Gen Pract 2001 Jun;51:461-5. QUESTION: What are the decision making processes of general practitioners (GPs) for referring patients...

Caregivers described how an Alzheimer's disease respite programme gave them time to attend to their own needs.
February 1, 2002... Perry J, Bontinen K Evaluation of a weekend respite program for persons with Alzheimer Disease. Can J Nurs Res 2001 Jun;33:81-95. QUESTION: In caregivers for family members with Alzheimer's disease (AD), what are their experiences of a...