Evidence-Based Mental Health articles from August 2002

Evidence-Based Mental Health archives from August 2002

Purpose and procedure.
August 1, 2002... The purpose of Evidence-Based Mental Health is to alert clinicians working in the field of mental health to important and clinically relevant advances in treatment (including specific interventions and systems of care), diagnosis, aetiology,...

Enabling evidence-based change in health care. (EBMH Notebook).
August 1, 2002... Introduction Evidence-based health care (EBHC) has come a long way from its introduction in the early 1990s. The scepticism that greeted its early proponents (Sackett et al (1)) has been replaced with pragmatism; instead of asking whether...

Review: sildenafil improves sexual and erectile function in men. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Burls A, Cold L, Clark W. Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of sildenafil (Viagra) in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. Br J Gen Pract 2001 Dec;51:1004-12. QUESTION: In men with erectile dysfunction (ED), is...

Review: antidepressants increase remission and clinical improvement in bulimia nervosa. (Therapeutics).(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Bacaltchuk J, Hay P. Antidepressants versus placebo for people with bulimia nervosa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(4):CD003391 (latest version 19 Aug 2001). QUESTION: In patients with bulimia nervosa, are antidepressants effective for...

Review: psychological treatment is as effective as antidepressants for bulimia nervosa, but a combination is best. (Therapeutics).(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Bacaltchuk J, Hay P, Trefiglio R. Antidepressants versus psychological treatments and their combination for bulimia nervosa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(4):CD003385 (latest version 13 Aug 2001). QUESTIONS: In patients with bulimia...

A school based psychosocial intervention was effective in children with persistent post-disaster trauma symptoms. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Chemtob CM, Nakashima JP, Hamada RS. Psychosocial intervention for post disaster trauma symptoms in elementary school children: a controlled community field study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002 Mar;156:211-6. QUESTION: In children with...

Risperidone reduced the risk of relapse in outpatient schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Csernansky JG, Mahmoud R, Brenner R, for The Risperidone-USA-79 Study Group. A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2002 Jan 3;346:16-22. QUESTION: In...

A group cognitive therapy programme reduced depressive episodes in at risk adolescents at 12 months of follow up. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Clarke GN, Hornbrook M, Lynch F, et al A randomized trial of a group cognitive intervention for preventing depression in adolescent offspring of depressed parents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2001 Dec; 58:1127-34. QUESTION: In adolescents with...

A behavioural management for continence intervention reduced urinary incontinence symptoms in older rural women. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Dougherty MC, Dwyer JW, Pendergast JF, et al. A randomized trial of behavioral management for continence with older rural women. Res Nurs Health 2002 Feb;25:3-13. QUESTION: In older rural women with urinary incontinence (UI), does a...

Naltrexone for 3 or 12 months in addition to psychosocial counselling did not reduce drinking in alcohol dependence. (Therapeutics).(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Krystal JH, Cramer JA, Krol WF, et al, for the Veterans Affairs Naltrexone Cooperative Study 425 Group. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence N Engl J Med 2001 Dec 13;345:1734-9. QUESTION: In patients with chronic severe alcohol...

Review: methadone dose reduction is better than [[alpha].sub.2] adrenergic agonists for treatment retention in opioid dependence. (Therapeutics).(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Gowing LR, Farrell M, Ali RL, et al. [[alpha].sub.2]--Adrenergic agonists in opioid withdrawal. Addiction 2002 Jan; 97:49-58. Gowing L, Farrell M, Ali R, et al Alpha2 adrenergic agonists for the management of opioid withdrawal. Cochrane...

Review: antidepressants are not effective for cocaine dependence. (Therapeutics).(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Lima MS, Reisser AA, Soares BG, et al. Antidepressants for cocaine dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(4):CD002950 (latest version 27 Aug 2001). QUESTION: In patients with cocaine dependence, is antidepressant drug treatment more...

Review: dopamine agonists are not effective for cocaine dependence. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Soares BG, Lime MS, Reisser AA, et al. Dopamine agonists for cocaine dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(4);CD003352 (latest version 27 Aug 2001). QUESTION: In patients with cocaine dependence, are dopamine agonists effective for...

A multidisciplinary community based rehabilitation programme improved social functioning in severe traumatic brain injury. (Therapeutics).(Statistical Data Included)(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Powell J, Heslin J, Greenwood R. Community based rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial. J Neural Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002 Feb; 72:193-202. QUESTION: In patients with severe traumatic brain injury...

Review: amisulpride is effective and safe for schizophrenia. (Therapeutics).(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Leucht S. Pitschel Walz G, Engel RR, et al. Amisulpride, an unusual "atypical" antipsychotic: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Psychiatry 2002 Feb;159:180-90. QUESTION: In patients with schizophrenia, is amisuipride...

Guided threat focus and reappraisal was better than safety seeking behaviour for reducing fear in claustrophobia. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Sloan T, Telch MJ. The effects of safety-seeking behavior and guided threat reappraisal on fear reduction during exposure: an experimental investigation. Behav Res Ther 2002 Mar; 40:235-51. QUESTION: In people with claustrophobia, how...

Intensive intervention for fear of childbirth did not reduce requests for caesarean section but decreased duration of vaginal labour. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Saisto T, Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE, et al. A randomized controlled trial of intervention in fear of childbirth. Obstet Gynecol 2001 Nov;98:820-6. QUESTION: In pregnant women with a fear of vaginal delivery, is intensive treatment more...

Review: selegiline leads to a small short term improvement in cognition and activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Wilcock GK, Birks J, Whitehead A, et al. The effect of selegiline in the treatment of people with Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of published trials. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002 Feb; 17:175-83. QUESTION: In patients with...

The addition of olanzapine to valproate or lithium for acute manic or mixed bipolar episodes reduced manic symptoms. (Therapeutics).(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Token M, Chengappa KN, Suppes T, et al. Efficacy of olanzapine in combination with valproate or lithium in the treatment of mania in patients partially nonresponsive to valproate or lithium monotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002 Jan;59:62-9. ...

Extract of Ginkgo biloba added to haloperidol was effective for positive symptoms in refractory schizophrenia. (Therapeutics).(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2002... Zhang XY, Zhou DF, Zhang PY, et al. A double-blind; placebo-controlled trial of extract of Ginkgo biloba added to haloperidol in treatment-resistant patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry 2001 Nov;62:878-83. QUESTION: In patients...

2 clock tests had high accuracy and naive raters had acceptable accuracy for detecting dementia. (Diagnosis).(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Scanlan JM, Brush M, Quijano C, et al. Comparing clock tests for dementia screening: naive judgments vs formal systems--what is optimal? Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2002 Jan; 17:14-21. QUESTION: How accurate are clock drawing test (CDT)...

Review: major anxiety disorders all have substantive familial aggregation. (Aetiology).(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Hettema JM, Neale MC, Kendler KS. A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2001 Oct;158:1568-78. QUESTION: In major anxiety disorders, what is the contribution of genetics and environment...

Mental disorders predicted all cause and cause specific deaths in Finnish adults. (Aetiology).(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Joukamaa M, Helivvaara M, Knekt P, et al. Mental disorders and cause-specific mortality. Br J Psychiatry 2001 Dec; 179;498-502. QUESTION: In adults [greater than or equal to]30 years of age, do mental disorders predict all cause and disease...

High trait anger increased stroke in people [less than or equal to] 60 years and those with high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations >47 mmol/l. (Aetiology).(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Williams JE, Nieto FJ Sanford CP, et al The association between trait anger and incident stroke risk: tire Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Stroke 2002 Jan;33:13-20. QUESTION: What is the relation between trait anger and...

Case management reduced hospital admission in caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease. (Quality Improvement).(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Shelton P, Schraeder C, Dworak D, et al. Caregivers' utilization of health services: results from the Medicare Alzheimer's Disease Demonstration, Illinois Site. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001 Dec;49:1600-5. QUESTION: In caregivers of people with...

4 thematic patterns described the experience of placing a relative with Alzheimer's disease in a special care unit. (Qualitative).(Brief Article)
August 1, 2002... Butcher HK, Holkup PA, Park M, et al. Thematic analysis of the experience of making a decision to place a family member with Alzheimer's disease in a special care unit. Res Nurs Health 2001 Dec;24:470-80. QUESTION: How do caregivers...

Glossary.
August 1, 2002... Terms used in therapeutics (see glossary in Evidence-Based Mental Health 1998 May for more detail on numbers included in the tables) Allocation concealed: deemed to have taken adequate measures to conceal allocation to study group...