Journal of Human Resources articles from March 1994

Journal of Human Resources archives from March 1994

Model evaluation and choice. (Women's Work, Wages and Well-being: Learning From Empirical Evidence)
March 22, 1994... Working paper. Presented at the February 1991 Donner Foundation Workshop on the Economic Well-Being of Women and Children. Heckman, James, and R. Robb. 1985. "Alternative Methods for Evaluating the Impact of Interventions." In Longitudinal...

Long-term employment and earnings of women in relation to employment behavior surrounding the first birth. (Women's Work, Wages and Well-being: Women's Employment Behavior)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction and Background As part of the secular growth in women's attachment to the work force, the labor supply of mothers of infants has increased very sharply during the past two decades (for example, see Leibowitz et al. 1991, Table...

The work-employment distinction among new mothers. (Women's Work, Wages and Well-being: Women's Employment Behavior)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction Over the past two decades, American women have changed the way they combine work and childrearing. In the past, women treated these two activities as sequential, withdrawing totally from the labor force at the birth of their...

Empirical regularities across cultures: the effect of children on woman's work. (includes appendix) (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Employment Behavior)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction Several studies have provided evidence on the dynamics of female labor supply based on data in which most of the women are native born.(1) Nakamura and Nakamura have shown that conditional labor supply models--that is, models...

The persistence of female labor supply: empirical evidence and implications. (includes appendices) (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Employment Behavior)
March 22, 1994... attributed to period-to-period persistence. 7. In the hours equation, the coefficient estimates are subject to the well-known sample selection bias associated with conditioning on women who choose to work: this bias implies that the hours...

Sources of bias in women's wage equations: results using sibling data. (includes appendices) (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Compensation for Work)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction Wage equations estimated for samples of women are used frequently in labor economics. Often the wage equation estimates are the direct objects of interest. Examples include: estimating wage discrimination via "decomposition"...

Panel estimates of male-female earnings functions. (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Compensation for Work)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction Since the early 1970s research on male-female wage differentials focused upon two primary questions. The first deals with the magnitude of male-female disparities, adjusting for human capital characteristics. The second deals...

Wage changes and job changes of Canadian women: evidence from the 1986-87 labor market activity survey. (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Compensation for Work)
March 22, 1994... Jobless spell duration = a continuous variable defined as number of weeks between the start of job 2 and the end of job 1; measured only for individuals for whom "jobless spell [is greater than] 0" = 1. Change in employer Same employer = 1...

Gender differences in displacement cost: evidence and implications. (includes appendix) (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Compensation for Work)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction This paper uses a unique and newly available data set on displaced workers to estimate differences in the wage costs of displacement between women and men. We investigate separately how pre- and post-displacement wages vary...

The effects of human capital and job characteristics on pay. (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Compensation for Work)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction Labor economists and human resource management scholars and practitioners have been struggling toward an explanation of pay from different perspectives. The labor economics approach focuses on the individual human capital...

The impact of unionization on male-female earnings differences in Canada. (includes appendix) (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Compensation for Work)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction In Canada, as elsewhere, there has been considerable policy interest in the magnitude and causes of the male-female earnings gap.(1) A large portion of the gender gap in annual earnings is due to differences between male and...

Pregnancy and parental leave benefits in the United States and Canada: judicial decisions and legislation. (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Compensation for Work)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction The evolution in the United States and Canada of equal employment policies and policies aimed at reducing the gender wage gap has been well documented (see Goldin 1990 for the U.S. and Gunderson 1979 for Canada). No comparable...

Gender differences in pensions. (includes appendix) (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Women's Compensation for Work)
March 22, 1994... percent for males, and 6.8 percent for females (see Hurd 1990). 22. Retirees with a defined contribution plan who do not convert their account into an annuity, but instead take a lump sum, will not be counted as "covered." Ignoring the value of...

Labor supply and child status effects on household demands. (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Issues of Well-Being)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction Most of the models used in microeconometric studies of female labor supply have their conceptual origins in demand theory, with leisure being treated as a commodity.(1) Over time, the female labor supply literature has grown...

The converging market work patterns of married mothers and lone mothers in Canada. (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Issues of Well-Being)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction In 1973, 40 percent of Canadian married mothers with children younger than 18 performed some work in the market. The corresponding rate for lone mothers was 57 percent. In 1988, 73 percent of married mothers worked in the...

Welfare effects on female headship with area effects. (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Issues of Well-Being)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction The possible effects of the U.S. welfare system on female headship has been a subject of long-standing concern because benefits are made available primarily to female heads of family. While the AFDC-UP program has provided...

Marital status and fertility in the United States: welfare and labor market effects. (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Issues of Well-Being)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction In the United States, employment rates for mothers are at all time highs. Since 1973, fertility rates have hovered close to their historic lows, with about 1.7 births per white woman and 2.4 births per black woman (U.S. Bureau...

Are there increasing returns to the intergenerational production of human capital? Maternal schooling and child intellectual achievement. (Women's Work, Wages, and Well-Being: Issues of Well-Being)
March 22, 1994... I. Introduction Strong positive correlations between the educational attainment of mothers and measures of the well-being of their children, such as birthweight, health, and school performance, are a common empirical finding from studies of...