Contemporary Economic Policy articles from July 1994

Contemporary Economic Policy archives from July 1994

Biodiversity conservation and biotechnology development agreements.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION Biodiversity loss--the extinction of species and loss of genetic variation within species--has important implications for agriculture and medicine. Genetic improvements have accounted for half of the yield gains in major cereal...

Common property as an institutional response to environmental variability.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION The debate surrounding the efficacy of common property regimes shows that a continuum of property regimes exists. Additionally, an ebb and flow between regimes occurs as societies change. Open access, state, common, and private...

Increased industrial uses of agricultural commodities: policy, trade and ethanol.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION Agriculture has provided product components other than food and fiber. Early in the industrial revolution, virtually all industrial inputs (such as inks, lubricants, and coatings) came from plant and animal sources. In those...

Fuel taxes and cointegration of energy prices.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION Government energy policies generally have multiple objectives that are not necessarily compatible and are not always fulfilled. Creating a successful energy policy requires understanding the markets that the policy targets. In...

The economic cost of U.S. oil conservation.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, increasing attention to global environmental problems, energy security, and declining U.S. oil production have revived calls for energy conservation. The benefits and costs of energy conservation remain...

The capital inflows problem: concepts and issues.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION After about a decade in which little capital flowed to the developing nations, the 1990s appear to have launched a new era in which capital has started to move from industrial countries, like the United States and Japan, to...

Monetary overhang: do centrally planned economies have excessive money stocks?
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION The problem of monetary overhang has serious implications for the former centrally planned economies (CPEs) in their transition to market equilibrium. Many analysts believe that monetary overhang is prevalent in CPEs prior to...

Cigarette taxation and demand: an empirical model.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION California's excise tax on cigarettes increased from 10 cents to 35 cents per pack beginning in January 1989. This paper evaluates the impact of this tax increase on cigarette consumption in California using a dynamic model...

Harm reduction, rational addiction, and the optimal prescribing of illegal drugs.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION: HARM REDUCTION POLICY Harm reduction (HR) policy is designed to reduce the private and social cost of illegal drug use within the framework of existing law. It is distinct from decriminalization or legalization, which would...

Effect of survey conditions on self-reported substance use.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION The problems associated with substance use and abuse, particularly among youths, recently have received increasing attention. Economists and others have analyzed the determinants of cigarette smoking, drinking, and illicit drug...

Some empirical effects of using permanent striker replacements.
July 1, 1994... I. INTRODUCTION The Wagner Act of 1935 protected employees' right to strike but did not explicitly guarantee employers the right to permanently replace economic strikers (see Olson, 1991). The Supreme Court, however, granted employers that...