Archives of Disease in Childhood articles from June 2002

Archives of Disease in Childhood archives from June 2002

Do guidelines have legal implications? Clinical guideline use is increasing. (Law).
June 1, 2002... Clinical guidelines are becoming an increasingly common feature of the health care environment in the UK, with health organisations such as the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE), Royal medical colleges, and the universities...

The human genome project: the next decade; towards a molecular understanding of common childhood diseases. (Genetics).
June 1, 2002... A draft version of the complete human genome sequence was published early in 2001. This was the culmination of both public and privately funded efforts initiated a decade ago. The new landscape of the genome contained several surprises,...

Obesity: diagnosis, prevention, and treatment; evidence based answers to common questions. (Review).
June 1, 2002... Paediatric obesity is now common in the UK, as in other developed countries. A literature search was conducted and evidence based answers to five frequently answered questions sought. Recommendations for diagnosis are given. Although there is...

Late presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. (Images in Paediatrics).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) presents most frequently in the newborn period, with neonates exhibiting severe respiratory distress. However, a proportion (estimated to be between 5% to 30% (1)) present beyond the neonatal period. ...

The UK Hib vaccine experience. (Review).(United Kingdom haemophilus influenzae type b)(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is an important pathogen in children <5 years of age. The Hib conjugate vaccines were the first polysaccharide-- protein conjugate vaccines to be used in routine childhood schedules. Their introduction in the...

Breast feeding and the sudden infant death syndrome in Scandinavia, 1992-95. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Aims: To assess the effects of breast feeding habits on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Methods: The analyses are based on data from the Nordic Epidemiological SIDS Study, a case-control study in which parents of SIDS victims in the...

Invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales: what is the true burden and what is the potential for prevention using 7 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine? (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Background: The annual reported incidence rates for laboratory confirmed invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) underestimate the true burden of invasive disease attributable to pneumococcal infection. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction, latex...

Effects of dietary intervention and strength training on blood lipid level in obese children. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Aims: To evaluate effects of a low energy diet, with or without strength training, on blood lipid profile in obese children. Methods: Eighty two obese children were enrolled into a six week dietary programme, and were randomly allocated to...

Personal magnetism. (Archivist).(strong magnets pose health problems for children imitating body piercings)(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... The adult fashion for body piercing seems to have had a strange spin-off in children. Over a period of 51 days (13 April to 3 June 2000) 24 children aged 5-15 years attended Sheffield Children's Hospital because of problems related to the body...

An observational study to evaluate micronutrient status during enteral feeding. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Background: There are few data on the optimal micronutrient composition of paediatric enteral feeds. The recent European Directive on Foods for Special Medical Purposes (1999/21/EC) did not distinguish between the composition of adult and...

Nitrous oxide analgesia during intra-articular injection for juvenile idiopathi arthritis. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nitrous oxide--oxygen for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) undergoing intra-articular corticosteroid injection. Methods: A total of 55 consecutive patients with JIA undergoing...

Renal ultrasound findings and vesicoureteral reflux in children hospitalised with urinary tract infection. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Aims: To determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of renal ultrasound findings for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Methods: Retrospective review of the ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) results of 162 children...

Father's work and birth defect risk. (Archivist).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... It has been suggested that perhaps 60% of birth defects of unknown cause could be due to occupational and environmental teratogens. Maternal exposure in pregnancy has been well studied but paternal exposure less so. The relationship between...

Antibody deficiency and autoimmunity in 22q 11.2 deletion syndrome. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Background: Although severe T cell immunodeficiency in DiGeorge anomaly is rare, previous studies of humoral function in these patients have found no antibody abnormalities but have not examined the response to polysacchoride antigens. Isolated...

No association between asthma or allergy and the CCR5[DELTA]32 mutation. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Arch Dis Child 2002;86:426-427 Aims: To investigate whether the presence of the CCR5[DELTA]32 allele was associated with atopy or asthma. Methods: A total of 118 children with asthma, 145 children with non-asthmatic, but allergic...

Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001. (Archivst).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... The Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 (SENDA) makes changes to the Education Act 1996 and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA), changing the statutory framework for special educational needs and extending the DDA to...

Increasing Plasmodium falciparum malaria in southwest London: a 25 year observational study. (Original Article).(England)(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Aims: To identify changes in the presenting number and species of imported malaria in children in southwest London. Arch Dis Child 2002;86:428-430 Methods: A prospective single observer study over 25 years (1975-99) of all cases of...

A hypothesis: antenatal sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus in viral bronchiolitis. (Original Article).
June 1, 2002... Aim: To investigate the possibility of antenatal sensitisation to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Methods: A total of 36 cord blood specimens were obtained from newborn infants; serum IgA was measured to exclude maternal blood...

PFAPA syndrome in children evaluated for tonsillectomy. (Short Report).(periodic fever with aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis)(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Arch Dis Child 2002;86:434-435 Among 40 children undergoing tonsillectomy for recurrent pharyngitis, 15 (37.5%) had presented preoperatively with complaints compatible with PFAPA syndrome. All 15 had had periodic fever every three to four...

Pitfalls in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis. (Case Report).
June 1, 2002... Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis is a very rare but devastating disorder. Diagnosis is sometimes difficult and the clinical course exceedingly variable, as illustrated by this report of a girl, aged 2 years 4 months, with severe iron...

Postcard from down under.(sunburn prevention)(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Burn baby burn Most of us have probably had a bit of sunburn. In my youth the occasional burn was a badge of honour, especially when achieved in pursuit of a suntan in the closing days of an overseas vacation. A fair skinned and freckled...

Pelvic inflammatory disease associated with Enterobius vermicularis. (Case Report).
June 1, 2002... A case of pelvic inflammatory disease in a sexually non-active 13 year old girl is described, with evidence of pinworms as the cause. Albendazole treatment cleared the infestation but the patient suffered subsequent bouts of lower abdominal...

West Nile virus meningoencephalitis complicated by motor aphasia in Hodgkin's lymphoma. (Short Report).
June 1, 2002... A 4 year old boy with Hodgkin's lymphoma was admitted to the paediatric ward with meningoencephalitis dominated by generalised seizures and motor aphasia. Serum IgM specific antibodies to West Nile virus were positive. In view of ongoing...

Fluid management in diabetic ketoacidosis: have we got it right yet? (General Paediatrics).
June 1, 2002... Young people with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus are three times more likely to die in childhood than the general population. (1) Despite advances in management over the past 20 years, the incidence of mortality associated with diabetic...

Clinical validation for oxacillin susceptibility testing of coagulase negative staphylococci. (Short Report).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Oxacillin susceptibility of coagulase negative staphylococci as assessed by conventional methods was confirmed by a modified Etest method, extended to detect heteroresistance. Verification of susceptibility was followed by successful treatment...

Child protection registers and the accident and emergency department. (Archivist).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Several national bodies and government departments have stated that it is important that accident and emergency (A&E) department should have ready access to child protection registers. A survey of UK A&E departments (G Quin and R Evans....

Improved case confirmation in meningococcal disease with whole blood Taqman PCR. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
June 1, 2002... Background: The clinical diagnosis of meningococcal disease (MCD) can be difficult. Nan-culture methods like the previous ELISA meningacoccal PCR improved case confirmation rates, but were not ideal. A Taqman meningococcal PCR, using DNA...

Letters.
June 1, 2002... PostScript If you have a burning desire to respond to a paper published in ADC or F&N, why not make use of our "rapid response" option? Log on to our website (www.archdischild.com), find the paper that interests you, click on "full...

Management for Child Health Services. (Book Reviews).
June 1, 2002... Edited by Rigby M, Ross E, Begg NT. London Chapman and Hall Medical, 1998, pp 328. ISBN 0 412 59660 1 Children's services have increasing priority with the present government in the UK. If we are to use available resources wisely and...

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Problems, Progress and Possibilities. (Book Reviews).
June 1, 2002... Edited by R W Byard, H F Krous. Arnold Medical Press, 2001. Pp353. ISBN 0 340 75917 8 As an internationally recognised disease classification, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is unique in that the diagnosis is reached by exclusion, by...

Child Abuse and Neglect: A Clinician's handbook. 2nd edn. (Book Reviews).
June 1, 2002... C J Hobbs, H G I Hanks, J M Wynne. Harcourt, 2000, [pounds sterling]69.95, pp 465. ISBN 0 4430 5896 2 Coming back to the new edition of this book is like coming back to an old friend. Like many paediatricians, I have used the first edition...

Mosby's Atlas and Text of Pediatrics and Child Health. (Book Reviews).
June 1, 2002... Bill Chaudhry, David Harvey. Harcourt publishers, 2001, $39.95, pp 420. ISBN 0723424365 I enjoyed reviewing this book aimed at students and doctors in training, and I also learned from it. I must add that it is a good source of information...

Correction.(Correction Notice)
June 1, 2002... Unfortunately the authors for the items in the Archimedes articles for September and November 2001 were not correctly coded and do not show up using searches on ADC Online or Medline. The authors for these articles should be cited as follows:...

Under one third of children account for over two thirds of general practice child consultations. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Under one third of children account for over two thirds of general practice child consultations. A study in Southampton (British Journal of General Practice 2001;51:977-82) has shown that frequent (three or more per year) child consultations...

Congenital CMV retinitis. (Lucina).(congenital cytomegalovirus )(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Up to 25% of infants with severe symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection have CMV retinitis. This retinitis usually does not progress after birth but late progression has been described. It is not known whether antiviral...

Infants brought to the accident and emergency department with crying or screaming. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Infants brought to the accident and emergency department with crying or screaming as the only complaint are no more likely than other children attending the accident and emergency department to be placed on the child protection register over...

Childhood obesity is a worldwide problem but its prevalence and associated factors vary from country to country. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Childhood obesity is a worldwide problem but its prevalence and associated factors vary from country to country. National data from Russia (1992), China (1993), and USA (1988-94) have been analysed against US standards for body mass index (BMI)...

In diabetes-prone mice one of the [beta] cell proteins against which autoimmunity develops is the heat-shock protein. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... In diabetes-prone mice one of the [beta] cell proteins against which autoimmunity develops is the heat-shock protein. Injecting a peptide (p277) of this protein into the mice inhibits the destruction of [beta] cells. Now researchers in Israel...

Young women are probably more susceptible to the long-term neurotoxic effects of ecstasy than are young men. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Young women are probably more susceptible to the long-term neurotoxic effects of ecstasy (3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, (MDMA)) than are young men, Of 69 volunteers from the Amsterdam "rave scene" (Lancet 2001;358:1864-9), 23 were heavy...

In Charlottesville, Virginia 100 babies weighing less than 1000g at birth were randomised within 5 days of birth to intravenous fluconazole or placebo for 6 weeks. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... In Charlottesville, Virginia (New England Journal of Medicine 200l;345:1660-6) 100 babies weighing less than 1000 g at birth were randomised within 5 days of birth to intravenous fluconazole or placebo for 6 weeks. Fungal colonisation occurred...

Could folate supplementation in pregnancy protect against common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children? (Lucina).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Could folate supplementation in pregnancy protect against common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in children? Without prior hypothesis researchers in Perth, Australia (Lancet 2001;358:1935-40) used a case-control design to examine 67...

Theories come and theories go and those of us whose main interest is the health of children need to remain aware of general theories about the health of adults. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... Theories come and theories go and those of us whose main interest is the health of children need to remain aware of general theories about the health of adults. For much of the 1990s it seemed likely that ill health and mortality in adults was...

In published case control studies, a history of undescended testis is associated with a 1.6- to 17.1-fold increase in risk of testicular cancer. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
June 1, 2002... In published case control studies, a history of undescended testis is associated with a 1.6- to 17.1-fold increase in risk of testicular cancer. Researchers in Germany (International Journal of Epidemiology 2001;30:1050-6) found that the odds...