Archives of Disease in Childhood articles from July 2002

Archives of Disease in Childhood archives from July 2002

Managed clinical networks: multilateral collaboration as a basis for the future organisation of paediatric services? (Leading Article).
July 1, 2002... The NHS plan (1) opened by affirming the value placed on the NHS, while also casting a warning shadow: "The NHS is the public service most valued by British people... In an age when our lives and jobs are undergoing constant change, it is...

Newborn and childhood screening programmes: criteria, evidence, and current policy. (Leading Article).
July 1, 2002... "The systematic application of a test or enquiry, to identify individuals at sufficient risk to benefit from further investigation or direct preventive action, amongst persons who have not sought medical attention on account of symptoms of that...

Shortage of vaccines: USA, Europe, who next? (Europe Calling).(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... We are all aware of the merits of preventing infectious diseases by vaccines and many of us have witnessed impressive examples of successful immunisation strategies: for example, the global eradication of smallpox, the elimination of...

Markers of microvascular complications in insulin dependent diabetes: annual screening for early markers of microvascular disease during puberty should be encouraged. (Leading Article).
July 1, 2002... Screening for early markers of micro vascular disease is now generally recommended from around the age of 10 years in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM). Annual assessment should include direct fundal examination or fundus...

The meningococcus tamed? (Review).
July 1, 2002... Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis is a frequent cause of invasive meningococcal disease, yet there are no effective vaccines suitable for routine immunisation. Limited efficacy has been shown with meningococcal outer membrane vacccines in...

Should the new pneumococcal vaccine be used in high-risk children? (Personal Practice).
July 1, 2002... A new conjugate 7-valent vaccine to prevent pneumococcal infection (Prevenar, Wyeth) has recently received a European licence for use in young healthy children. The vaccine is not currently included in the universal immunisation schedule in the...

Antivaccination activists on the world wide web. (Oringinal Article).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... Aims: To determine the likelihood of finding an antivaccination site on the world wide web and to characterise their explicit claims and rhetorical appeals. Methods: Using "vaccination" and "immunisation", examining the first 10 sites...

Postcard from down under: cycling with myth Australia.(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... My family and friends know me as a keen cyclist and, true to form, one of my first purchases in Brisbane was a bicycle. Those of you who have bought a bike--and the surveys would suggest that this is significantly more than those of you...

Borrelia lymphocytoma ("lymphadenosis benigna cutis"). (Images in Paediatrics).(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... An 8 year old boy had been bitten by a tick in his left axilla five months ago. A few weeks later, two erythematous macules, each 7-10 cm in diameter, had developed over his left chest and within a month both lesions disappeared untreated. Two...

Hygiene levels in a contemporary population cohort are associated with wheezing and atopic eczema in preschool infants. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... Background: The hygiene hypothesis states that insufficient exposure to certain infectious agents during childhood increases the risk of developing asthma and atopic diseases. Improvements in hygiene levels may be partly responsible for this...

Factors associated with different hygiene practices in the homes of 15 month old infants. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... Background: Improved hygiene in Westernised regions of the world may be partly responsible for the increased prevalence of diseases of the immune system, such as asthma and atopy. There is a paucity of data on cleanliness norms in young...

Bereavement support following sudden and unexpected death: guidelines for care. (Personal Practice).
July 1, 2002... Dealing with families who have suffered a sudden and unexpected death is a skill that may be needed by any paediatrician. Offering a bereavement follow up meeting to such families is part of accepted practice and is perceived to be of value in...

A barbarous noise. (Archivist).(noise pollution and health)(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... In thc seventeenth century John Milton could write"...a barbarous noise environs me, of owls and cuckoos, asses, apes, and dogs". Three hundred and thirty years later nearly half of Europe is exposed to an ambient noise level which is in...

Should paediatric units have bereavement support posts? (Review).
July 1, 2002... Eight bereavement support posts in paediatrics and maternity were established using the experience of the Child Bereavement Trust (CBT). Evaluation showed that staff welcomed the informal support and teaching for themselves, as well as support...

Excessive infant crying: definitions determine risk groups. (Short Report).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... We assessed risk groups for excessive infant crying using 10 published definitions, in 3179 children aged 1-6 months (response: 96.5%). Risk groups regarding parental employment, living area, lifestyle, and obstetric history varied by...

Cushing's syndrome, growth impairment, and occult adrenal suppression associated with intranasal steroids. (Case Report).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... We have previously described iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome secondary to intranasal steroids. This report further highlights the potential deleterious effects of intranasal steroids. Nine cases (including the original two cases) are reviewed...

Two administration methods for inhaled salbutamol in intubated patients. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... Aims: To compare serum concentrations and effects on respiratory mechanics and haemodynamics of salbutamol administered by small volume nebuliser (SVN) and metered dose inhaler (MDI) plus spacer. Methods: Blinded, randomised, crossover...

Natural history and risk factors in fulminant hepatic failure. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... Background: The natural history of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) without liver transplantation is not well known. Aims: To study the natural history and prognostic factors, especially the presence of ascites and spontaneous bacterial...

Bone mineral density in patients with classic galactosaemia. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... Background: Diminished bone mineral density (BMD) is a well known complication in women with classic galactosaemia caused by premature ovarian failure. Diminished BMD in prepubertal patients of either sex has, however, only been reported once....

Congenital heart disease and neuroblastoma: just coincidence? (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... The clinical history of a neonate with simple transposition of the great arteries in whom a metastatic neuroblastoma was diagnosed incidentally at autopsy is described, and the literature containing all 66 previously reported cases of...

Neurofibromatosis type 1 and sporadic optic gliomas. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... Aims: To compare the natural history of sporadic optic glioma with those associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1 ). Methods: Optic glioma cases were identified using both the Manchester Children's Tumour Registry (CTR) and the North...

Feeding infants of diabetic mothers. (Archivist).(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... In general, breast feeding protects against later obesity and diabetes. Infants of diabetic mothers have an increased risk of later obesity and glucose intolerance. It might be thought, therefore, that breast feeding might protect the infants...

Intravenous atropine treatment in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. (Original Article).(Statistical Data Included)
July 1, 2002... Aims: To assess the efficacy of a new regimen of intravenous atropine treatment for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) with special reference to regression of pyloric hypertrophy. Methods: Atropine was given intravenously at a...

Nature and nurture in vitamin [B.sub.12] deficiency. (Case Report).
July 1, 2002... We report on a child in whom severe nutritional vitamin [B.sub.12] deficiency was exacerbated by a genetic impairment of the folate cycle, causing reduced CSF concentrations of the methyl group donor 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Some patients with...

Towards evidence based medicine for paediatricians. (Archimedes).
July 1, 2002... In order to give the best care to patients and families, paediatricians need to integrate the highest quality scientific evidence with clinical expertise and the opinions of the family. (1) Archimedes seeks to assist practising clinicians by...

Mentoring clinical researchers. (Transatlantic Topic).
July 1, 2002... In the United States, over the past decade there has been increasing recognition of the importance of clinical research as evidenced by the birth of a new federal agency (1) and commitment of funds from the National Institutes of Health (NIH)...

Letters.
July 1, 2002... PostScript If you have a burning desire to respond to a paper published in ADC or F&N, why not make use of our "rapid response" option? Log on to our website (www.archdischild.com), find the paper that interests you, click on "full...

Correction.(Correction Notice)
July 1, 2002... We would like to acknowledge an error that was made in our article previously published in the journal (Arch Dis Child 2000;83:18-24). The absolute amount of grams consumed per day for the figures presented in the article were incorrect. An...

Specific phobias in children. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... Recent studies have estimated the prevalence of specific phobias in children at between 3 and 4%. In Sweden (Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2001;69:814-24) 60 children aged 7-17 years) were randomised to one session exposure...

New South Wales. (Lucina).(wheeze in children)(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... In New South Wales a cohort of 8-10 year olds was followed for up to 15 years (Thorax 2002;57:104-9). The two main risk factors for the onset of wheeze were atopy (at least one positive skin prick test) at baseline and asthma in a parent. Late...

Adults with Prader Willi syndrome. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... Adults with Prader Willi syndrome are prone to severe psychiatric illness and the risk is greater for those with maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 15. In the old Anglia and Oxford health region of the UK (Lancet 2002;359:135-6) severe...

Lucina is no greenhorn. (Lucina).(child sexual abuse)(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... Lucina is no greenhorn and she is not unacquainted with the nastier aspects of human activity. She has read some pretty disturbing stuff but never before has her limbic system reacted in a way that has made her physically unable to finish an...

Twenty-eight loci for nonsyndromic autosomal. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... About half of all cases of congenital hearing impairment are thought to be genetic in origin, mostly autosomal recessive. Twenty-eight loci for nonsyndromic autosomal recessive hearing impairment have been found and 10 genes have been...

Reports on Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths in the United Kingdom. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... Each year in parts of the UK one woman in every nine is subjected to domestic violence. Now a report from Maputo, Mozambique (Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2002;109:5-8) raises the grim prospect of violence as a significant cause of maternal mortality....

Breast feeding and the infection risks of formula feeding. (Lucina).(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... For deprived, HIV-l-infected mothers in developing countries there is a difficult choice between the risk of transmitting the infection to their infants by breast feeding and the infection risks of formula feeding. A study in Kenya (Journal of...

Do toys in waiting areas pose an infection risk? (Lucina).(Brief Article)
July 1, 2002... Do toys in waiting areas pose an infection risk? In six general practices in Christchurch, New Zealand (British Journal of General Practice 2002;52:138-40) soft toys were found to be contaminated with bacteria. Two of 10 soft toys tested gave...