Archives of Disease in Childhood articles from April 2004

Archives of Disease in Childhood archives from April 2004

Atoms.
April 1, 2004... SSRIS IN THE US--STRUGGLING WITH UNCERTAINTY Following the lead of the British Government, the FDA in the US has announced a review of the relationship between suicide risk and SSRI drugs. (1) A spokesman for the FDA reported that 109 of...

Introduction of solids to the infant diet: commentary on the papers by Morgan et al and Zutavern et al.(Commentary)
April 1, 2004... The Department of Health has recently supported the WHO advice for mothers to exclusively breast feed until 6 months of age. (1) Furthermore, there are expert committee guidelines regarding the introduction of solids in the diet of infants at...

Height monitoring as a diagnostic test: commentary on the paper by van Buuren et al.(Growth)
April 1, 2004... Measurement of height is an important component of child health care and has been widely incorporated into pacdiatric practice. Yet little is known about how it performs in terms of sensitivity and specificity for detecting growth disorders....

MRSA: the problem reaches paediatrics; commentary on the paper by Khairulddin et al.(Infection)(methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus )
April 1, 2004... The pattern of MRSA in UK hospitals nowadays is very different to that seen a decade or so ago. Then, MRSA was confined mainly to a relatively small number of hospitals in the southeast of England and some of the large provincial conurbations....

Intravenous immunoglobulin for cystic fibrosis lung disease: commentary on the paper by Balfour-Lynn et al.(Commentary)
April 1, 2004... In a retrospective review published in this issue, (1) Balfour-Lynn and colleagues describe 16 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) who appeared to show clinical improvement following regular infusions of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). They...

Criminal injuries compensation for abused children: an introduction to the topic of compensation for children who have been physically or psychologically abused.(Leading Article)
April 1, 2004... Discretionary schemes to compensate the victims of violent crime have been in place in Great Britain since 1964. The original framework provided that compensation would be awarded on a "common law basis" whereby awards were assessed in exactly...

The introduction of solids in relation to asthma and eczema.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:303-308. doi: 10.1136/adc.2002.025353 Background: Despite scarce scientific evidence, current feeding guidelines recommend delayed introduction of solids for the prevention of asthma and allergy. Aims: To explore...

Eczema and early solid feeding in preterm infants.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:309-314. doi: 10.1136/adc.2002.020065 Aims: To establish whether development of eczema is influenced by feeding practices in preterm infants, while taking account of confounding factors. Methods: Data were...

Intravenous immunoglobulin for cystic fibrosis lung disease: a case series of 16 children.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:315-319. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.026575 Background and objective: Some children with severe cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease develop chest tightness, recurrent dry cough, and intractable wheeze, often accompanied by...

Growth and adrenal androgen status at 7 years in very low birth weight survivors with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:320-324. doi: 10.1136/adc.2002.022699 Aims: To evaluate whether 7 year old VLBW (very low birth weight, Methods: Assessment of height standard deviation score (SDs), body mass index (BMI), and serum...

The course of wheezing.(Archivist)
April 1, 2004... In a New Zealand birth cohort study (Malcolm R Spears and colleagues. New England Journal of Medicine 2003;349:1414-22, see also editorial, ibid: 1473-5) almost three quarters of the subjects (72.6%) had significant wheezing at some time in...

Maternal depression and low maternal intelligence as risk factors for malnutrition in children: a community based case-control study from South India.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:325-329. doi: 10.1136/adc.2002.009738 Aims: To determine whether current and postpartum maternal depression and low maternal intelligence are risk factors for malnutrition in children. Methods: In rural South...

Cycle helmet ownership and use; a cluster randomised controlled trial in primary school children in deprived areas.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:330-335. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.032052 Aims: To assess the effectiveness of two different educational interventions plus free cycle helmets, in increasing cycle helmet ownership and use. Methods: A cluster...

Towards evidence based referral criteria for growth monitoring.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:336-341. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.027839. Aims: To evaluate the performance of growth monitoring in detecting diseases. Turner's syndrome (TS) is taken as the target disease. Methods: Case-control simulation study....

A multicentre randomised controlled trial of an intervention to improve the accuracy of linear growth measurement.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:342-346. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.030072 Aims: To evaluate linear growth assessment and the effect of an intervention on measurement accuracy in primary care practices (PCP) within eight US geographical areas. ...

Extremely low birth weight and body size in early adulthood.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:347-350. doi: 10.1136/adc.2002.025924 Aims: To determine the body size of extremely low birth weight (ELBW, birth weight 500-999 g) subjects in early adulthood. Methods: Cohort study examining the height and...

Many referrals under Dutch short stature guidelines.(Short Report)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:351-352. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.038208 The number of referrals under strict adherence to the Dutch consensus guidelines for short stature was estimated using longitudinal data from 970 children (0-10 years). Results...

Blindness in the UK, 2000.(Archivist)
April 1, 2004... In developing countries diseases such as vitamin A deficiency and measles lead to preventable or treatable blindness in children and the WHO's VISION 2020 initiative, which gives priority to children, is aimed at prevention and treatment. Now a...

Qualitative analysis of parents' experience with early detection of hearing loss.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:353-358. doi: 10.1136/adc.2002.024125 Aims: To determine key themes from parents' comments on paths to diagnosis and intervention for their children with hearing loss, following introduction of at-risk neonatal...

Myocardial ischaemia in children with sickle cell disease.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:359-362. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.027326 Background: The heart may be involved in children affected with sickle cell disease (SCD) via several mechanisms. Principally, chronic anaemia increases cardiac output and may...

Bacteraemia and antibiotic use in respiratory syncytial virus infections.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:363-367. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.035105 Aims: To examine the frequency of and risk factors for bacteraemia in children hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection; and to determine current use of...

Cardiac complications of enterovirus rhombencephalitis.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:368-373. doi: 10. 1136/adc.2003.029645 Background: Epidemics of enterovirus 71 infection have caused the death of many children throughout the world. Rhombencephalitis, brain stem encephalitis, and heart failure were...

Hospital attendance patterns in long term survivors of cancer.(Original Article)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:374-377. doi: 10. 1136/adc.2002.021816 Aims: To identify attendance patterns in a childhood cancer long term follow up clinic, in order to inform decision making strategies for efficient, cost effective local and...

Emergence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteraemia among children in England and Wales, 1990-2001.(Short Report)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:378-379. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.028712 Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now a major cause of adult bacteraemia. All reports of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia to the Health Protection Agency were...

Geographic mobility following cancer treatment in Yorkshire, UK.(Short Report)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:380-381. doi: 10.1136/adc.2002.022061 Long term cure and maximising reintegration into society are major goals of childhood cancer treatment. Whether reintegration had occurred was assessed using geographic mobility...

Switching to the Euro: still hard to swallow.(Short Report)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:382-383. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.033985 Injuries from ingestion (choking) of coins are common among children, with non-negligible morbidity, (1) but indications that smaller coins increase the risk of choking are mostly...

Hypercalcaemia in infancy; a presenting feature of spinal muscular atrophy.(Case Report)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:384-385. doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.028225 A 10 month old girl presented with a history of constipation from early life. She was found to be hypercalcaemic with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Her mild motor delay and...

Current status of paediatric heart, lung, and heart-lung transplantation.(Review)
April 1, 2004... Arch Dis Child 2004;89:386-389. doi: 10.1136/adc.2002.017186 Since the first successful heart transplantation by Christian Barnard in 1967, there have been over 60 000 heart transplants performed worldwide. Around 350 paediatric heart...

Living with genetic rickets.(BackChat)
April 1, 2004... Unless you actually have a metabolic bone disorder like hypophosphataemic rickets, you don't really know how it feels. Even if every member of your family has this syndrome, and so you experience the effects by proxy, you still can't feel it...

"Fixed intestinal loop" on abdominal x ray: sine qua non of mechanical intestinal obstruction.(Images in Paediatrics)(Brief Article)
April 1, 2004... A term neonate underwent primary closure of gastroschisis and limited small bowel resection for a perforation, in another institution. Four weeks later, gastric aspirates remained high and he developed abdominal distension. Contrast enema did...

Managing pain in children.(Journal Watch: Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine)
April 1, 2004... Managing pain in children * In a recent policy statement, the American Academy of Pediatrics recognized the need to improve management of pain in children. "Acute pain is one of the most common adverse stimuli experienced by children, occurring...

Sucrose-based pain reduction during multiple immunizations.(Journal Watch: Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine)
April 1, 2004... Sucrose-based pain reduction during multiple immunizations * Children now receive up to 20 immunization injections by their second birthdays; a convenient, quick-acting, inexpensive, and effective method to reduce pain during these injections...

Procedural conscious sedation and analgesia in the ED.(Journal Watch: Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine)(emergency department)
April 1, 2004... Procedural conscious sedation and analgesia in the ED * Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the emergency department (ED) can evoke pain and anxiety in pediatric patients. Reassurance and local analgesia, though helpful, are often...

EMLA reduces pain in neonatal lumbar puncture.(Journal Watch: Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine)(eutectic mixture of local anesthetics )
April 1, 2004... EMLA reduces pain in neonatal lumbar puncture * Operating on the incorrect premise that neonates do not feel pain, clinicians have performed lumbar punctures without analgesia in newborns for many years, and the practice remains standard in...

Chronic fatigue syndrome: a clinical view.(Video Review)(Audiovisual Review)
April 1, 2004... Audiovisual Department, Southampton University, 2003. This is an excellent video which I would highly recommend to anyone who deals with young people and adults with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): not only will health professionals find it...

Community growth monitoring in practice.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
April 1, 2004... The aim of routine growth monitoring (GM) of school age children is to identify children with the so-called "silent" conditions. These include growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, and Turner's syndrome. Using the UK 1990 nine centile...

The collusion of anonymity in paediatrics.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
April 1, 2004... One of the thankless, if necessary tasks of the NHS general practitioner is to sort and summarise incoming GP records of patients new to the practice. While carrying out this noble duty, we looked at the records of an 11 year old patient...

The Seville effect.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
April 1, 2004... For some, football is more a religion than a sport. This can impact on families in multiple ways. One such quasi-religious event was the UEFA Cup Final between Glasgow Celtic and Porto (21 May 2003). An estimated 85 000 Celtic supporters...

Nephrotic syndrome relapse: need for a better evidence based definition.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
April 1, 2004... Despite the occurrence of relapses, steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) has a good long term prognosis. As it often heralds a clinical relapse, significant proteinuria (+++ or more on albustix) for [greater than or equal to]3...

Correction.(Correction Notice)
April 1, 2004... doi: 10.1136/adc.2003.025890corrl Molyneux E, Forsyth H, Tembo M, et al. The effect of HIV infection on paediatric bacterial meningitis in Blantyre, Malawi (Arch Dis Child 2003;88:1112-18). The authors would like to apologise for an error...

Lucina.
April 1, 2004... Children's viral upper respiratory tract infections cause anxiety among parents and it is useful to know how long they usually last. In a multiple general practice study in south Wales involving children not given antibiotics (BMJ...

Invasive fungal infection in VLBW infants: national surveillance study.(Plenary Sessions)(very low birth weight)
April 1, 2004... Background and Aims: Invasive fungal infection is an increasingly common cause of mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight (VLBW: Methods: National prospective surveillance study; each month paediatricians notify cases using the...

GP antibiotic prescribing for children in England has halved in past decade.(Plenary Sessions)(General Practitioners)(Brief Article)
April 1, 2004... Aims: The link between increasing use of antimicrobials and bacterial resistance has been a concern for a number of years. The paediatric sub group of the Specialist Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance (PSACAR) wanted to determine...

Validation of an algorithm for managing children with a non-blanching rash.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Background: Paediatricians are concerned that children who present with a non-blanching rash may have meningococcal disease (MCD). An algorithm to help identify which children with a non-blanching rash have MCD has been devised. Aim: To...

Adenosine deaminase activity as a diagnostic test in childhood tuberculous meningitis.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Aim: The study was aimed to evaluate the usefulness of serum and CSF adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity as a diagnostic test in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in children. Methods: A prospective single blind study evaluating ADA activity was...

A randomised, controlled trial of division of tongue-tie in infants with feeding problems.(Plenary Sessions)(Brief Article)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Before the 1950s, tongue-ties in the United Kingdom were routinely divided. Subsequently, the advice has been that they do not affect feeding, that referral to an infant feeding specialist was enough (medical management), and that...

Neonatal ventilation with inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) v ventilatory support without iNO for term and near term infants with severe respiratory failure: the INNOVO multicentre randomised controlled trial.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Aims: Previous trials have shown iNO for mature infants with severe respiratory failure leads to short term improvement in oxygenation and reduction in ECMO use, without evidence of mortality reduction. The aim of the INNOVO randomised...

Outcome at 24 months is unaffected by mode of ventilation in infants <29 weeks.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Background: Numerous trials have compared the short term effects of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and conventional ventilation (CV) with conflicting results, but few have reported longer term outcomes. Objective: To...

Atomoxetine in the long term prevention of relapse in ADHD.(Plenary Sessions)(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder )
April 1, 2004... Aims: Atomoxetine is a selective norepinephrine (noradrenaline) reuptake inhibitor that has recently been licensed for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the US. ADHD is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder,...

Adult outcomes of looked after children.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Aims: Looked after children are known to suffer poorer physical and mental health outcomes in childhood. We used longitudinal data from the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) to examine the adult outcomes of being looked after in...

The aetiology and incidence of convulsive status epilepticus in children.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Aims: Despite its reported associated morbidity and mortality, population based studies on CSE are limited. To date, all such studies have been primarily or exclusively based on adult populations. Only one study has reported the effect of...

Hypovitaminosis D among healthy adolescent girls.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Background: There has been a resurgence of vitamin D deficiency rickets among toddlers in the UK and we have recently observed an increase in the number of adolescents presenting with symptomatic vitamin D deficiency. (1) This cross-sectional...

Umbilical cord amylin is raised in infants of diabetic mothers.(Plenary Sessions)(Brief Article)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Amylin, a polypeptide hormone, is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreas. As a potent inhibitor of gastric emptying it plays an important role in carbohydrate absorption. Feed intolerance is common in infants of diabetic...

Xenon is neuroprotective when commenced after a hypoxic ischaemic insult in the newborn rat.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Background: Newborn infants born after hypoxia-ischaemia (HI) are at risk of permanent brain injury. Xenon is an inert anaesthetic gas with mechanisms of action including glutaminergic NMDA receptor antagonism. Studies in vitro and on adult in...

Antenatal steroid therapy for elective caesarean section at term.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Aim: To determine whether antenatal steroids can reduce the incidence of respiratory distress in term babies >37 weeks gestation born by elective caesarean section, reducing admission to SCBU. Method: A multicentre randomised control trial...

Gastrostomy tube feeding and the risk of respiratory morbidity.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Gastrostomy feeding in children with cerebral palsy improves growth and caretaker quality of life. Strauss et al, (1) however, found a relative risk of mortality associated with feeding tube of 2.1. This was attributed to...

Use of the ketogenic diet to treat childhood epilepsy--a randomised controlled trial.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Aim: To examine the efficacy of the ketogenic diet in the treatment of children with drug resistant epilepsy, as part of a comparative trial between the classical and medium chain triglyceride dietary protocols. Methods: Children were...

Comparing screening strategies to identify congenital heart defects in newborn babies.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Congenital heart defects (CHD) affect six in every 1000 live born infants and most are asymptomatic at birth. Early recognition is important because clinical presentation and deterioration may be sudden. However, despite routine...

A randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluating the impact of an educational computer programme for children with asthma.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Children with asthma have been shown to know little about their condition, despite the importance of trigger avoidance, symptom awareness, and timely treatment for successful asthma self management. It is also desirable that...

Diagnosing peanut and tree nut allergy with SPT and specific IgE testing.(Plenary Sessions)(skin prick test)(Immunoglobulin E)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Food allergy is very common in the paediatric population. Food challenges are currently the only reliable means of diagnosing food allergy. It has been suggested that the magnitude of a skin prick test (SPT) or specific IgE (sIgE)...

Dentist's education, experience, and knowledge of child protection procedures.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: At least 60% of physically abused children have signs on the head, neck, and face that would be visible to a dentist. Aims: To identify undergraduate and postgraduate training in child protection, knowledge of local child...

The effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on neonatal mortality in Nepal: a cluster, randomised controlled trial.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Neonatal mortality accounts for 40% of under five mortality in developing countries. Strategies to reduce neonatal mortality rates (NMRs) must address the reality that 90% of deliveries in the poorest quintile of households occur...

Response to an Hib booster in UK pre-school children.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... The Hib conjugate vaccine was introduced into the UK in 1992 and there was a significant decline (>95%) in the incidence of disease. However, since 1999/2000 there has been an increase in the number of confirmed cases of Hib disease in children...

Do adolescents with diabetes mellitus have healthier lifestyles than their peers.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Adolescents with diabetes receive regular health education both opportunistically and as part of their annual review. The aim is to provide them with advice to lead a healthy lifestyle and minimise health complications. The aim of...

Longitudinal evaluation of airway function 21 years after preterm birth.(Plenary Sessions)
April 1, 2004... Background: Longitudinal data on airway function of low birthweight preterm (LBP) babies are limited. A cohort of LBP babies (all Aims: To assess respiratory symptoms and airway function in this original cohort at 21 years of age, to...

Mortality and morbidity risks in monozygous twins.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Background: Twins are at greater risk of perinatal death and serious morbidity than singletons and, within twins, monozygous (MZ) are at greater risk than dizygous (DZ) twins. Aim: To quantify stillbirth and infant mortality and serious...

Mortality patterns of very preterm babies: a comparative analysis of two regions: nord-pas-de-calais (NPC), France, and Trent, England.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Background: Although births Methods: All preterm births 22-32 weeks of gestation born in Trent and NPC were studied in 1997. Total births for these regions were 55 633 and 54 810, respectively. In Trent there are 19 maternity units; 16 have...

Fetal losses and infant deaths in twins: a retrospective cohort study in the north of England.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: The continued increase in multiple birth rates over the past decade has raised concern about their rising contribution to fetal and infant mortality and to childhood disability. This retrospective cohort study examines rates of...

Have changes in population risk factors influenced perinatal mortality?(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Background Perinatal mortality is affected by a number of risk factors including birthweight, maternal age, plurality, and sex. The distribution of these factors has changed over the past 20 years, thereby potentially influencing observed rates...

Randomised controlled trial of a new surfactant, surfaxin[R] (lucinactant) v curosurf[R] (poractant alfa) for the prevention of rds in very preterm babies.(Perinatal)(Respiratory distress syndrome)
April 1, 2004... Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of the novel surfactant Surfaxin[R], which contains KL4-peptide, against the predominately used animal derived (porcine) surfactant, Curosurf[R], in the prevention of RDS. Methods: A masked,...

Vitamin K status in preterm infants: a randomised controlled trial to compare three regimes of prophylaxis.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Background: Neonatal vitamin K stores are precarious. Without vitamin K prophylaxis preterm infants may be at particular risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB), but the optimal dose and route is unclear. Aim: To compare the vitamin K...

Perinatal pathology in the context of a clinical trial: a qualitative study of attitudes of neonatologists, pathologists, and bereaved parents.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Background: Postmortem (PM) rates are declining worldwide. In the UK, perinatal pathology has been particularly undermined by recent controversies. Previous research has not considered the potentially serious consequences for randomised...

Low birthweight due to maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with certain fetal HLA-DQ alleles.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Background: Smoking during pregnancy is an important cause of low birthweight. (1) It is thought to cause childhood asthma and contributes to adult diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Low birthweight due to smoking...

Human fetal and umbilical cord serum thyroid hormones: developmental trends and inter-relationships.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Aims: To clarify developmental trends and inter-relationships between thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), and...

Longitudinal evaluation of bone health by quantitative ultrasound in very low birth weight infants.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) assessment of speed of sound (SoS) is increasingly being used in adults, and to a lesser extent in paediatrics, as a marker of bone health. In this study we assessed the change in speed of sound in...

Uncoupling protein-2 mRNA ontogeny in the fetal, neonatal, and adolescent lung.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Brown adipose tissue specific uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 mRNA peaks at the time of birth, before rapidly declining, and is then normally no longer detectable at any other stage of the life cycle in large mammalian species. UCP2 is...

Blood pressure is an unreliable marker of tissue perfusion. The value of continuous non-invasive monitoring of cardiac output.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Background: Monitoring of cardiovascular status in the extremely unwell baby is limited to the continuous measurement of blood pressure (BP). There is concern that BP values do not accurately reflect end organ perfusion. The measurement of...

Impaired cerebellar development in the premature infant utilising advanced MRI techniques.(Perinatal)(Magnetic resonance imaging)
April 1, 2004... Aim: To gain macroscopic and structural information on the effect of premature birth and presence of white matter injury (WMI) on cerebellar development. Method: 118 scans, 103 of ex-preterm at term corrected, and 15 of controls were...

EEG becomes abnormal at blood pressure below 23 mm of Hg in very low birth weight infants.(Perinatal)(Electroencephalography)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Clinicians treat hypotension to maintain organ perfusion in sick preterm infants including that to the brain. However, the critical level of mean blood pressure (BP) below which cerebral perfusion is compromised has not been...

The relationship between placental pathology, birth weight, and neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely low birth weight infants.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: The preterm brain is vulnerable to injury in the perinatal period. The aetiology of the injury is multifactorial and predicting those infants at increased risk can be difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the...

Relationship between cerebral blood flow and cerebral artery resistance index in preterm infants.(Perinatal)
April 1, 2004... Background: Doppler ultrasound is frequently used to assess cerebral haemodynamics in the newborn infant undergoing intensive care. The inability to measure the diameter of the cerebral arteries means that only non-quantitative information on...

The incidence of Crohn's disease: has it stopped rising?(Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition)(Brief Article)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: A previous retrospective study on paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from a defined UK area reported a threefold increase in Crohn's disease (CD) but no increase in ulcerative colitis (UC) over an 11 year period...

The effect of nutritional deprivation in late gestation on uncoupling protein-2 mRNA abundance in the neonatal lung.(Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition)
April 1, 2004... Introduction: Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a member of the inner mitochondrial protein superfamily, whose exact function is not known. Postulated roles include a role in solute exchange, as well as regulating immune function within the...

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastro-oesophageal reflux in the neurologically impaired.(Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition)(Brief Article)
April 1, 2004... Introducion: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) has become increasingly popular for the provision of nutrition in neurologically impaired children. Post-operative follow up for gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is essential because...