Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry articles from September 2001

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry archives from September 2001

Role of the vestibular system in the pathophysiology of spasmodic torticollis.
September 1, 2001... Idiopathic spasmodic torticollis is a form of focal dystonia affecting the neck. It is characterised by involuntary repetitive or sustained neck muscle contractions leading to abnormal head postures and impaired control of head movement. [1-3]...

What is the most sensitive non-invasive strategy for the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms?(response to P.M. White and others in this issue, p. 322)(Brief Article)
September 1, 2001... In the paper by White et al (this issue, pp 322-328) [1] noninvasive tests for the detection of intracranial aneurysms are evaluated. Combining these tests is shown to improve the diagnostic performance, the combination of power Doppler and CT...

Divining dementia.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
September 1, 2001... By the time you reach your 65th birthday, you will have over a 5% chance of having dementia. [1] Or will you? The prevalence rates of dementia as 5% of the over 65s and 20% of the over 80s are often quoted, but these raw figures belie a more...

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
September 1, 2001... Does reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) exist? If it does, how is it defined, what is its nature, and how is it treated? Reviewed on many occasions, [1-4] the subject engenders considerable and often heated debate. Some of the reasons for the...

Preclinical syndromes predict dementia: the Sydney older persons study.(Statistical Data Included)
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--To identify if preclinical syndromes for Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease and related dementias exist. Identification of dementia at early or even preclinical stages has important...

Occupation during life and risk of dementia in French elderly community residents.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objective--To determine whether principal occupation during life is a risk factor for incident Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, or dementia with parkinsonism. Methods--This study was carried out from the PAQUID...

Neuropsychiatric aspects of Huntington's disease.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objective--Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common in Huntington's disease and have been considered its presenting manifestation. Research characterising these symptoms in Huntington's disease is variable, however, encumbered by...

Relations between hypometabolism in the posterior association neocortex and hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease: a PET/MRI correlative study.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--Hippocampal atrophy and hypometabolism in the posterior association neocortex are two well known features of Alzheimer's disease. A correlation between these two features was reported twice previously, suggesting...

What is the most sensitive non-invasive imaging strategy for the diagnosis of intracranial aneurysms?
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--To determine whether combining non-invasive tests for intracranial aneurysms together would significantly improve aneurysm detection over individual tests. Methods--114 patients undergoing intra-arterial digital...

Serum concentration of adhesion molecules in patients with delayed ischaemic neurological deficit after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: the immunoglobulin and selectin superfamilies.(Statistical Data Included)
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--Adhesion molecules are involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischaemia and may play a part in the pathophysiology of delayed ischaemic neurological deficit (DIND) after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. It was...

Cerebral metabolic impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: an independent association of obstructive sleep apnoea with white matter change.(Statistical Data Included)
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--To determine the relation between severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and degree of cerebral metabolic impairment. Methods--Fifty five patients with habitual snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness...

Selective sparing of face learning in a global amnesic patient.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objective--To test the hypothesis that visual memory for faces can be dissociated from visual memory for topographical material. Method--A patient who developed a global amnesic syndrome after acute carbon monoxide poisoning...

A new nephelometric assay for [beta]-trace protein (prostaglandin D synthase) as an indicator of liquorrhoea.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--To determine the sensitivity and specificity of a nephelometric [beta]-trace protein assay for the diagnosis of liquorrhoea. Methods--One hundred and forty clinical samples with suspected liquorrhoea were analysed...

HISTORICAL NOTE.
September 1, 2001... Ammon's horn and the hippocampus The word hippocampus comes from late Latin: hippocampus, derived from the Greek words for a horse+sea monster. In mythology it was a sea horse, having two forefeet, with the body ending in a dolphin's or...

Epidemiology of seropositive myasthenia gravis in Greece.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--To study the epidemiological characteristics of myasthenia gravis in Greece. Methods--A population based study was carried out of seropositive myasthenia gravis in Greece for the period from 1 January 1983 to 30...

Postgastrectomy polyneuropathy with thiamine deficiency.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objective--Polyneuropathy has been reported after gastrectomy performed to treat various lesions. Although thiamine deficiency is a possible cause of this neuropathy, the pathogenesis still remains to be clarified. Seventeen...

The SF-36 in multiple sclerosis: why basic assumptions must be tested.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--To evaluate, in people with multiple sclerosis, two psychometric assumptions that must be satisfied for valid use of the medical outcomes study 36-item short form health survey (SF-36): the data are of high quality...

Treatment of erectile dysfunction with sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in parkinsonism due to Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy with observations on orthostatic hypotension.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--To assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in men with erectile dysfunction and parkinsonism due either to Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy. Methods--Twenty four patients with...

Outcome of unilateral pallidotomy in advanced Parkinson's disease: cohort study of 32 patients.
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--In a randomised trial to study the efficacy of unilateral pallidotomy in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, patients having pallidotomy within 1 month after randomisation were compared with patients having...

Clinical comparison of the Spiegelberg parenchymal transducer and ventricular fluid pressure.
September 1, 2001... Abstract The Spiegelberg brain pressure catheter is a low cost implantable intracranial pressure measuring system which has the unique ability to perform regular automatic zeroing. A new version of the catheter has become available with a...

Absence of nystagmus during REM sleep in patients with vestibular neuritis.(Statistical Data Included)
September 1, 2001... Abstract Saccades, including fast phases of nystagmus, disappear during drowsiness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, but are present during the alert state and REM sleep. The purpose of this study was to determine whether...

Symptomatic unruptured capillary telangiectasia of the brain stem: report of three cases and review of the literature.(Statistical Data Included)
September 1, 2001... Abstract Three young patients with transient or intermittent focal neurological signs suggesting brain stem involvement are described, in whom high field MRI showed focal areas of hyperintensity in T2 weighted spin echo images,...

Relation between electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive side effects, neuron specific enolase, and protein S-100.(Statistical Data Included)
September 1, 2001... Abstract Objective--To investigate whether electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) induces brain tissue damage expressed as an increase in neuron specific enolase and protein S-100. Methods--A total of 179 serial measurements of S-100 and NSE...

JC virus regulatory region rearrangements in the brain of a long surviving patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.(Polyoma virus)(Statistical Data Included)
September 1, 2001... Abstract JC virus (JCV) infection of oligodendrocytes causes demyelination in brains of patients with with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Expansion of demyelination throughout the brain is not fully understood. The...

Highly increased CSF tau protein and decreased [beta]-amyloid (1-42) in sporadic CJD: a discrimination from Alzheimer' s disease?(cerebrospinal fluid)(Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)(Statistical Data Included)
September 1, 2001... Abstract The aim was to quantify tau protein and [beta]-amyloid (A[beta]42) in the CSF of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and controls. Double sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assays...

Combination of cyclophosphamide and interferon-[beta] halts progression in patients with rapidly transitional multiple sclerosis.
September 1, 2001... Abstract The effects of combined treatment with cyclophosphamide (CTX) and interferon-[beta] (IFN-[beta]) are described in selected patients with "rapidly transitional" multiple sclerosis. This form of multiple sclerosis is extremely...

Willem Einthoven (1860-1927).(Brief Article)
September 1, 2001... Einthoven's lifetime work was dedicated to electrocardiography and its extended applications. He qualified in 1885, and in the same year was appointed professor of physiology at Leiden where he worked until his death. For his development of the...

Increased ictal perfusion of the thalamus in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.
September 1, 2001... Abstract The ictal and interictal cerebral blood flow (CBF) were evaluated in a patient with right unilateral short lasting paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, by means of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The patient was...

Magnetic resonance imaging findings before and after treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2001... The syndrome of spontaneous intracranial hypotension is characterised by postural headache, low CSF pressure, and MRI findings of diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement without a history of head or back trauma or lumbar puncture. [1] We...

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.(Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)(obsessive-compulsive disorder)(cervical spondylotic myelopathy)(Arnold-Chiari malformation type I)(chronic primary unilateral headaches)
September 1, 2001... New variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with loss of taste and smell Abnormalities of smell and taste have been described in some neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's dementia, idiopathic Parkinson's disease,...

CORRESPONDENCE.
September 1, 2001... Painful stimulation Once again, the meaningless term "response to pain" has been allowed to appear in the Journal. [1] In this particular instance, the patient was unconscious and the brain stem was separated from higher centres. The...

Intractable focal epilepsy.(Review)
September 1, 2001... Intractable focal epilepsy. Edited by JOHN OXBURY, CHARLES POLKEY, and MICHAEL DUCHOWNY (Pp 878, [pound]125.00). Published by WB Saunders, London, 2000. ISBN 0-7020-2428-7. This is quite a comprehensive multiple author textbook which sets...

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A practical guide.(Review)
September 1, 2001... Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A practical guide. Compiled by CMT INTERNATIONAL UK (Pp 113, [pound]10.00). Published by CMT International UK, Penarth, 2000. ISBN 0 9533883 0 1. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A practical guide, is a book...

Epilepsy in clinical practice. A case study approach.(Review)
September 1, 2001... Epilepsy in clinical practice. A case study approach. Edited by ANDREW N WILNER (Pp272, US$34.95). Published by Demos Medical Publishing, New York, 2000. ISBN l-888799-34-x. This is an interesting book, directed at a wide audience including...

Clinical neuroanatomy for medical students, 5th edition.(Review)
September 1, 2001... Clinical neuroanatomy for medical students, 5th edition. By RICHARD S SNELL (Pp 545, [pound]29.95). Published by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 2001. ISBN 0 7817 2831 2. Richard Snell's Clinical anatomy for medical students is...

Clinical neuroanatomy. An illustrated review with questions and explanations, 3rd edition.(Review)
September 1, 2001... Clinical neuroanatomy. An illustrated review with questions and explanations, 3rd edition. By RICHARD s SNELL (Pp 256, [pound]19.95). Published by Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 2001. ISBN 0 7817 2989 0. This text recycles...

CORRECTION.(Correction Notice)
September 1, 2001... Frisoni GB. Structural imaging in the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: problems and tools. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:711-18. The following acknowledgments should have appeared in this editorial: "The ideas of this...

Mitochondrial myopathies.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2001... L Bindoff Department of Neurology, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction is a potent cause of disease. Where once it was the realm of the interested neurologist only, mitochondrial...

Inflammatory myopathies.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2001... D Hilton-Jones Oxford MDC Muscle and Nerve Centre, Oxford, UK;Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK Introduction: The classification of this rather disparate group of conditions is reviewed. The commonest are the idiopathic inflammatory...

A new non-dystrophic painful myotonia with dominant inheritance.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2001... S Loseth, T Torbergsen, Nj Brautaset, E Stalberg Departments of Neurology, Tromso University Hospital and Vestfold County Hospital, Norway; Deportment of Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden We report a variety of...

A novel autosomal dominant inclusion body myopathy with early respiratory failure links to chromosome 6q.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2001... PF Chinnery, A Dearlove, MA Johnson, TJ Walls, GJ Gibson, PRW Fawcett, S Jamieson, JJ Fulthorpe, M Cullen, P Hudgson, KMD Bushby University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle, UK We carried out a standardised clinical assessment and detailed...

The clinical usefulness of EEG for the diagnosis of alcohol related epileptic seizures.
September 1, 2001... G Brathen, T Sand, R-P Michler, E Brodtkorb, G Helde, G Bovim Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway The aim of this study was to investigate whether EEG...

Study of the neurological, cognitive, and behavioural features of spinocerebellar ataxia type 8.(Brief Article)
September 1, 2001... A Zeman, J Stone, M Porteous, L Barron, J Warner Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK Spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA 8) is a recently described disorder due to an...

Treatment of autoimmune neuropathy.
September 1, 2001... M Donaghy Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, UK Acute idiopathic polyneuritis (Guillain-Barre syndrome) occurs in two main forms: motor-sensory demyelinating and acute motor axonal. Spontaneous recovery occurs in both...

Guillain-Barre syndrome, a role for IgG Fc receptors.
September 1, 2001... C Vedeler Department of Neurology, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy that is mediated by both humoral and cellular immune components....

Peripheral nerve topography as promoter for functional recovery after nerve repair.
September 1, 2001... RG Hallin Division of Clinical Neurophysiology, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, London, UK The existence of a functional neural organisation by modality and...

Anatomical and structural changes related to carpal tunnel syndrome.
September 1, 2001... SI Bekkelund, C Pierre-Jerome University Hospitals of Tromso; Norway; Ulleval Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway There are many controversies regarding carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The relation between symptom production and structural...

Anti-MuSK antibodies in seronegative myasthenia gravis: a cause of denervation.
September 1, 2001... J Newsom-Davis, J McConville, R Kennett, P Anslow, W Hoch, A Vincent Department of Clinical Neurology and Neurophysiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK We have recently investigated the presence of IgG antibodies to MuSK in myasthenia...

Microneurographic recordings, of C-nociceptive fibres in patients with ertythromelalgia.
September 1, 2001... K Orstavik, R Schmidt, E Jorum, SM Chmelz, C Weidner, M Hilliges, E Torebjork Department of Neurology, Ulleval Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Neurology,...

The neurology of deep sea diving.
September 1, 2001... H Nyland, H Skeidsvold, E Thorsen Department, of Neurology, clinical Neurophysiology, and Occupational Medicine, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway Saturation diving on the North Sea oil fields is conducted in the depth range...

Spinal cord decompression sickness: a personal review.
September 1, 2001... D Thrush Department of Neurology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK Diving is one of the fastest growing recreational sports in the United Kingdom. This has resulted from major developments in equipment, the introduction of PADI...

New developments of structural MRI using multiple sclerosis as a model for their application.
September 1, 2001... DH Miller NMR Research Unit, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK While functional MR imaging has been of much interest in recent years in elucidating the anatomical basis of normal function, and its modification by disease,...

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound.(for stroke diagnosis)
September 1, 2001... D Russell Department of Neurology, The National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway Two recent advances in the use of transcranial Doppler (TCD) in stroke are described. The first is the introduction of multifrequency Doppler where the...

Predictive control in bimanual lifting and grasping: a role for the cerebellum?
September 1, 2001... RM Bracewell, AM Wing University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Background: When lifting an object with one hand, load force (LF) and grip force (GF) are closely correlated. When conditions are stable, GF changes usually anticipate LF...

Heart rate variability analysis in headache and muscle pain patients using the Wavelet transform.
September 1, 2001... KB Nilsen, T Kristiansen, T Sand, M Garseth, LJ Stovner, R Westgaard Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Trondheim, Norway Different neurophysiological methods have been used in research of...

How do we assess any benefits from interferon? Longitudinal data on 50 patients.
September 1, 2001... MB Johnson, H Ford, S Denton Department of Neurology, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK There are no established measures in use to monitor the progress of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) on treatment with [beta]-intesferon....

Extensive cortical demyelination in multiple sclerosis brains.
September 1, 2001... L Bo, H Nyland, C Vedeler, BD Trapp, S Mork Department of Neurology and Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH, USA Objectives: To examine the occurrence and...

Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis: an overview.
September 1, 2001... R Midgard Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway As a disease, multiple sclerosis (MS) is not evenly distributed with respect to either region, race, family, or individual. There is a striking difference in the frequency of...

Genetics of multiple sclerosis.
September 1, 2001... G Ebers University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Multiple sclerosis is a complex trait determined by genes, environment, and very likely bad luck and epigenetic factors. The genetic epidemiology from the study of special groups gratatives is most...

Multiple sclerosis In Troms and Finnmark.
September 1, 2001... M Kampmann Department of Neurology, Regional Hospital, University of Tromso, Norway The two northernmost counties of Norway, Troms and Finnmark, have a population of about 225 000, about 10% of which belong to the indigenous Sami people....

Clustering of multiple sclerosis cases in Tayside and their relation with deprivation and population density.
September 1, 2001... JDE Parratt, S Wilson, P Donnan, J O'riordan, S Swingler Department of Neurology, Tayside University Hospitals Trust, UK Clusters of multiple sclerosis (MS) have previously been identified and used as evidence for either genetic or more...

Search for susceptibilty genes in multiple sclerosis.
September 1, 2001... HF Harbo, EG Celius, K-Z Dai, F Vartdal, B Vandvik, A Spurkland Institute of Immunology, The National Hospital, University of Oslo; Department of Neurology, Ulleval Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway Methods: The aim of our project is to...

Relation between serial MRI and the development of disability in patients with clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis.
September 1, 2001... PA Brex, O Ciccarelli, JI O'Riordan, M Sailer, AJ Thompson, DE Miller NMR Researeh Unit, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK Introduction: The presence of asymptomatic brain lesions on T2 weighted MRI of patients...

Organisation of stroke services.
September 1, 2001... CP Warlow Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Ideally, the care of any group of patients should be determined by their needs, and on the basis of evidence that the benefits of any therapeutic...

Acute stroke: the first 6 hours.
September 1, 2001... L Thomassen, U Waje-Andreassen, C Maintz Department of Neurology, Haukeland Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway The goals of intervention in acute stroke are to dissolve the occluding clot and restore normal blood flow (thrombolysis) and...

"No consent, please-we're British!" Will observational research in neurology survive changes in data protection law and confidentiality guidance?
September 1, 2001... R Al Shahi, CP Warlow Deportment of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK Hitherto, there has been an almost unique opportunity in countries like Britain and Norway for high quality,...

Epilepsy in elderly people after stroke.
September 1, 2001... OM Ronning, M Lossius Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Akershus, University of Oslo, Norway Objectives: Seizure after stroke is held as one of the major causes of epilepsy in elderly people. This prospective study was performed...

Evidence based guidelines for the management of narcolepsy.
September 1, 2001... A Zeman for the Narcolepsy Management Guidelines Working Party Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK Narcolepsy is a disorder of the sleep-wake cycle, characterised by...

Animal models in the study of antiepileptic drugs and reproductive endocrine function.
September 1, 2001... L Sveberg Roste, E Tauboll, A Krogenaes, J Isojarvi, L Gjerstad Department of Neurology, Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Norway; The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, University of Oulo, Finland...

Clinical neurology in Norway: past, present, and future.
September 1, 2001... E Dietrichs Department of Neurology, Ulleval Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway Skulls with trepanation holes prove that diseases in the CNS were diagnosed and treated in Norway more than 5000 years ago. However, written documentation...

Neurology in the United Kingdom.
September 1, 2001... D Stevens Cheltenham, UK Neurological services in the United Kingdom have developed slowly, many think too slowly, and the distribution of neurologists and the facilities that they require to work effectively have evolved in a strange and...

Handling of neurology referrals to a DGH clinic: impact of GP clinical assistants.(general practice)
September 1, 2001... DF Smith, M Vijes, R Bartolo, JP Leach Wrexham, Maclor Hospital, Wrexhan,; The Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool, UK Neurology outpatient waiting times are unacceptable. Recommendations for expansion of neurology...