Communications of the ACM articles from January 1994

Communications of the ACM archives from January 1994

Editorial pointers. (Editorial)
January 1, 1994... We start off the new year spotlighting a form of computing power that cannot be measured in bytes. It's a power so strong it can steer government policies and network communities, yet forceful enough to hold us accountable for our successes...

Newstrack.
January 1, 1994... IN FOCUS...In an effort to prioritize U.S. technology policy, the Clinton administration has formed the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), a focus group consisting of federal agencies that will work together to implement a national...

Forum. (Letter to the Editor)
January 1, 1994... The column by John Perry Barlow ("A Plain Text on Crypto Policy," Nov. 1993, p.21) raises all of the pertinent issues on the encryption policies of the U.S. government. As a researcher in cryptography and inventor of a patented public key...

Knowledge-based systems in Japan. (Japanese Technology Evaluation Center panel report on Japan's expert systems)
January 1, 1994... Expert systems (ES), also called knowledge-based systems (KBS) or simply knowledge systems, are computer programs that use expertise to assist people in performing a wide variety of functions, including diganosis, planning, scheduling and...

Copyright's fair use doctrine and digital data. (Legally Speaking) (Column)
January 1, 1994... My September 1993 "Legally Speaking" column discussed the application of copyright law's fair use doctrine to computer programs. This column will discuss its application to other works in digital form, such as electronic messages or newsletters...

Social computing. (guest editorial)
January 1, 1994... Computational power is frequently touted as the silver bullet that will tame many of our contemporary crises. But what basis in fact is there for these leaps of technological enthusiasm? Are they just convenient rationalizations for not...

The National Forum on Science and Technology Goals: building a democratic, post-cold war science and technology policy.
January 1, 1994... A recent report of the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment begins with the assertion. "The end of the Cold War frees the Nation to turn more of uts energies into building a stronger civilian economy" [14, 9. 1]. The substance of...

Community networks: building a new participatory medium. (includes related articles on a participatory medium, the National Public Telecomputing Network, research issues for community networks and the principles of the Seattle Community Network)
January 1, 1994... I know for no safe depository of the ultimate power of the society but the people themselves, and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise their control with a wholesome discretion, the remedy is not to take it from them, but to...

Computing at work: empowering action by 'low-level users'.
January 1, 1994... Computers in the 1980s had to be user-friendly. Now, it seem they have to positively empower their users. The image of computers empowering people is a potent and appealing one. For the many working people whose autonomy is routinely...

Educating computer scientists: linking the social and the technical.
January 1, 1994... Computer scientists need to be educated to understand some of the complex linkages between the social and the technical. In this sense, we offer an educational essay. But because educational practice is bounded by one's conception of the...

Computing and accountability. (Social Computing)
January 1, 1994... A teacher stands before her six-grade class demanding to know who shot the spitball in her ear. She threathens punishment for the whole class if someone does not step forward. Eyes are cast downward and nervous giggles are suppressed as a boy...

How good is good enough? An ethical analysis of software construction and use.
January 1, 1994... An Ethical Analysis of Software construction and Use Ethical considerations in software construction, transmission, use and effect have consequences not only for the makers of the software, but also for other principal actors in the...

Groupware and social dynamics: eight challenges for developers.
January 1, 1994... Computer support has focused on organizations and individuals. Groups are different. Repeated, expensive groupware failures result from not meeting the challenges in design and evaluation that arise from these differences. Many expensive...

Renewing the commitment to a public interest telecommunications policy. (statement of principles by the Telecommunications Policy Roundtable)
January 1, 1994... The Telecommunications Policy Roundtable is a coalition of more than 70 public interest organizations banding together to help steer the direction of the U.S. government's information highway plans. The group's statement of principles...

Research in object-oriented analysis and design. (Technical Correspondence)
January 1, 1994... In the article, "A Research Typology for Object-Oriented Analysis and Design" (Sept. 1992, p. 35-47), David Monarchi and Gretchen Puhr compare several methods for object-oriented analysis and design, including the Shlaer-Mellor method. From...

Calendar of Events.
January 1, 1994... ACM'S calendar policy is to list open computer science meetings that are sponsored by ACM, sister societies, or other scientific, technical or educational tax-exempt organizations. Educational seminars, institutes, and courses are not included...

Calls for papers.
January 1, 1994... January 15* ISSAC'94: International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation Oxford, UK. July 20-22, 1994. Submit 6 copies of paper to Joachim von Zur Gathem, Dept. of CS, Univ. of Toronto, Tornoto, Ontario, M5S IA4 Canada;...

Career opportunities.
January 1, 1994... The University of Kansas Telecommunications and Information Sciences Laboratory (TISL) has a post-doctoral research engineer position available in the area of multimedia information retrieval. The successful applicant will be responsible for...

Risks in aviation. (part one of two) (Inside Risks)
January 1, 1994... The 1980s saw a tremendous increase in the use of digital electronics in newly developed airliners. The regulatory requirement for a flight engineer's position on larger airplanes had been eased, so that only two pilots were then required....