Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health articles from August 2001

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health archives from August 2001

Violence and public health.(Brief Article)
August 1, 2001... In this issue, Alberto Concha-Eastman directs our attention to the crucial question of violence as a public health issue. Dr Concha-Eastman, a Colombian, has first hand experience of taking charge of a violence prevention programme in his home...

Prevention of diarrhoea.(Brief Article)
August 1, 2001... A wall painting in Peru serves as a prevention for diarrhoea Cholera reappeared on the South American continent in 1991 and claimed many lives--mainly among the poor--because of unsafe water supplies and sanitation as well as scarce...

Getting our journals to developing countries.(Brief Article)
August 1, 2001... For some years now it has been our policy to give gratis subscriptions to our journals to applicants from countries in the developing world. However, in practice this has had its difficulties. Many developing countries have either poor or...

How do women cope with family violence? Moving ahead in our understanding of international issues.(Brief Article)
August 1, 2001... Violence against women and girls is considered a major health and human rights issue. In 1993, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a declaration on the elimination of violence against women. Yet, although family violence has been...

Meeting the health needs of young people.
August 1, 2001... The health needs of young people have been receiving increased attention in recent years. In the UK this has arisen partly because of government initiatives, such as Health of the Nation, Health of the Young Nation, the Young People's Health...

Glossary on meta-analysis.
August 1, 2001... Bias, language: the systematic error introduced when the search of potential studies to be included in a meta-analysis is focused, in general, in one language (mainly English). Given that studies published in English are more widely read, it is...

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and neurological development in children: a systematic review.(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Abstract Background--Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are complex mixtures of persistent contaminants that are widespread in the environment. Newborns are exposed across the placenta and through breast feeding. Experimental animal studies...

Women's strategic responses to violence in Nicaragua.(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Abstract Study objective--To describe the responses of women in Leon, Nicaragua to partner abuse and identify contextual factors associated with the use of certain coping mechanisms and the likelihood of permanent separation. ...

The role of income differences in explaining social inequalities in self rated health in Sweden and Britain.(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Abstract Study objective--To analyse to what extent differences in income, using two distinct measures--as distribution across quintiles and poverty--explain social inequalities in self rated health, for men and women, in Sweden and...

Educational level and decreases in leisure time physical activity: predictors from the longitudinal GLOBE study.(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Abstract Study objective--This study describes educational differences in decreases in leisure time physical activity among an adult, physically active population and additionally attempts to identify predictors of these differences from...

Participation of epidemiologists and/or biostatisticians and methodological quality of published controlled clinical trials.(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Abstract Study objective--This study assessed several methodological aspects related to the quality of published controlled clinical trials (CCTs) in relation to the participation of an epidemiologist/biostatistician (E/B). ...

Cigarette smoking, alcohol intoxication and major depressive episode in a representative population sample.(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Abstract Objective--This study investigated the associations of cigarette smoking and alcohol intoxication with major depressive episode. Design--Major depressive episode during the past 12 months was assessed in a national...

Trends in young adult mortality in three European cities: Barcelona, Bologna and Munich, 1986-1995.(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Abstract Objective--In recent decades, in most European countries young adult mortality has risen, or at best has remained stable. The aim of this study was to describe trends in mortality attributable to the principal causes of death:...

Do genetic factors contribute to the association between birth weight and blood pressure?(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Abstract Objectives--To evaluate whether genetic factors contribute to the association between low birth weight and increased blood pressure among adolescents. Design--Historical cohort study of twin pairs. It was evaluated whether...

Tobacco industry efforts at discrediting scientific knowledge of environmental tobacco smoke: a review of internal industry documents.
August 1, 2001... Abstract Study objective--Using tobacco industry internal documents to investigate the use of tobacco industry consulting scientists to discredit scientific knowledge of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Design--Basic and advanced...

Provision of pen along with questionnaire does not increase the response rate to a postal survey: a randomised controlled trial.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Postal surveys are a cost effective method of obtaining information from large numbers of geographically disparate medical professionals about their attributes, behaviours, attitudes and beliefs. The validity of the findings of such surveys is...

Violence: a challenge for public health and for all.
August 1, 2001... Violence is both a public health and a social problem. Although there is not only one type of violence nor a unique concept of what it means, the following concept has gained consensus, particularly among those working intersectorally with a...

Economic evaluation of a community based exercise programme to prevent falls.(Statistical Data Included)
August 1, 2001... Abstract Objective--To assess the incremental costs and cost effectiveness of implementing a home based muscle strengthening and balance retraining programme that reduced falls and injuries in older women. Design--An economic...

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.
August 1, 2001... Exposures, mutations and the history of causality EDITOR,--The editorial by Paolo Vineis [1] is an interesting attempt to clarify various interpretations of causality in the medical literature. The following remarks are to be taken as a...