Foreign Affairs articles from November 1996

Foreign Affairs archives from November 1996

The liquidity trap: Latin America's free-market past.
November 1, 1996... The story is well known in economics lore: A famous academic, one of the world's leading proponents of deregulation and free markets, is invited to Chile, which is in economic trouble. He and his followers propose a series of measures to open the...

Relaunching Western economies: the case for regulating financial markets.
November 1, 1996... Across all classes and in all countries in the West, people feel a growing sense of being at risk. The shape of this "risk shock" varies, obviously, given the wide variety of welfare and employment structures among these countries, but the...

NATO and the have-nots: reassurance after enlargement. (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
November 1, 1996... The Atlantic alliance stands at the threshold of a historic decision to open itself to the new democracies of Eastern Europe. The NATO enlargement debate has focused on the question of which countries should be offered membership in the first...

Keeping monetary union on track: time for another 'Kohl shock.' (European monetary union; German Chancellor Helmut Kohl)
November 1, 1996... Despite the aura of relaxed confidence pervading European capitals and financial markets as next year's deadline for meeting the convergence criteria for European monetary union approaches, the lines for a politically divisive battle are becoming...

The West unique, not universal. (the influence of Western culture)
November 1, 1996... MODERNITY IS NOT ENOUGH In recent years Westerners have reassured themselves and irritated others by expounding the notion that the culture of the West is and ought to be the culture of the world. This conceit takes two forms. One is the...

Democracy and the national interest.
November 1, 1996... IDEALPOLITIK AS REALPOLITIK Nearly five years ago, early in his first campaign for the White House, Bill Clinton delivered a speech at Georgetown University about democracy as a factor in international life. Countries whose citizens...

Defense in an age of hope.
November 1, 1996... Ralph Waldo Emerson noted that in times of revolution, "the energies of all men are searched by fear and by hope." We are living in such an age of revolution. Our hopes are stimulated by the success of democracy around the globe since the end of...

Germany's new right.
November 1, 1996... LIBERATING NATIONALISM FROM HISTORY When the Berlin Wall collapsed in 1989, a number of observers predicted that a reunited Germany would begin experimenting with its new found power and revert to the bellicose habits of the past. The Bonn...

Banning ballistic missiles.
November 1, 1996... FROM BUILD-DOWN TO STAND-DOWN Malcolm Muggerbridge once wrote of reaching a moment when he discovered that success was the hallmark of failure. That insight may yet prove to be true for the remarkable achievements in arms control in...

Is the world ready for free trade?
November 1, 1996... CHARTING A COURSE How to move forward on liberalizing global trade? By incremental steps of an already agreed-upon agenda or by one great leap to free trade in a grand new negotiation? This question arises as trade ministers from the...

Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust.
November 1, 1996... Holocaust literature abounds, as survivors seek to bear witness and historians try to understand. So far the very magnitude of the satanic murder has inspired a kind of awed reticence about pronouncing overarching explanations. Now a 37-year-old...

The Open Sore of a Continent: A Personal Narrative of the Nigerian Crisis.
November 1, 1996... BY WOLE SOYINKA. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, 170 pp. $19.95. "We have lost the twentieth century," lamented Chinua Achebe, one of Nigeria's brilliant literary sons, in 1983, "are we bent on seeing our children also lose the...

Debating the Democratic Peace.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY MICHAEL E. BROWN ET AL. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996, 379 pp. $17.00 (paper). The essays in this extremely useful volume, many of them previously published in International Security, bring together much of the work done on the...

Against Capitalism.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY DAVID SCHWEICKART. Boulder: Westview, 1996,387 pp. $24.95 (paper). Unlike many critics of capitalism, Schweickart has done his homework, taking seriously the arguments of contemporary neoclassical economics and its philosophical defenders...

Hatreds: Racialized and Sexualized Conflicts in the 21st Century.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY ZILLAH EISENSTEIN. New York: Routledge, 1996, 223 pp. $62.95 (paper, $17-95) This book begins with a diatribe against contemporary hatreds, from Bosnia and Rwanda to Oklahoma City and Los Angeles. The target, however, proves elusive, as...

The News Media, Civil War, and Humanitarian Action.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY LARRY MINEAR, COLIN SCOTT, AND THOMAS G. WEISS. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1996, 123 pp. $25.00 (paper, 10.95). This book breaks little new ground in surveying the interlocking roles of the media, governments, and nongovernmental organizations...

The Prosecution of International Crimes: A Critical Study of the International Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY ROGER S. CLARK AND MADELEINE SANN. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1996, 502 pp. $49.95. This book, consisting of articles previously published in the Criminal Law Forum, exhaustively documents the work of the ad hoc...

Beyond Confrontation: Transforming the New World Order.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY CHARLES HAUSS. Westport: Praeger, 1996, 249 pp. $55.00 (paper, $17.95). This book begins with the premise that we face a global crisis of racial, ethnic, and religious strife, environmental decay, poverty, and war, and that the solution...

Power Sharing and International Mediation in Ethnic Conflicts.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY TIMOTHY D. SISK. Washington: U.S. Institute of Peace Press, 1996, 143 pp. $6.95 (paper). This useful and workmanlike book offers formulas for stabilizing political systems in situations where full democracy is not possible--an important and...

Postwar Politics in the G-7: Orders and Eras in Comparative Perspective.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY BYRON E. SHAFER. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1996, 360 pp. $50.000 (paper, $19.95). This book is not, as it might first appear, about the Group of Seven as an institution, but rather a series of essays on postwar politics...

Genocide, War, and Human Survival.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY CHARLES B. STROZIER AND MICHAEL FLYNN. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 1996, 343 pp. $58.50 (paper, $22.95). This festschrift for the psychologist Robert Jay Lifton is the sort that gives such volumes a bad name. As the title indicates,...

The Key to the Asian Miracle: Making Shared Growth Credible.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY JOSE EDGARDO CAMPOS AND HILTON L. ROOT. Washington: Brookings, 1996, 198 pp. $26.95. While some economists focus on exceptionally high investment, others on education and absorption of foreign technology, to explain the remarkable rise of...

The Emptiness of Japanese Affluence.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY GAVAN MCCORMACK. Armonk: M. E. Sharpe, 1996, 311 pp. $35.00 The picture McCormack paints of contemporary Japan is not a pretty one. The leading industry--construction--is rife with corruption, which has suffused Japanese politics. Centrally...

The International Labor Organization: The International Standards System and Basic Human Rights.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY HECTOR G. BARTOLOMEI DE LA CRUZ, GERALDO VON POTOBSKY, AND LEE SWEPSTON. Boulder: Westview, 1996, 296 pp. $69.95. With the globalization of the economies of the rich countries, the question of international labor standards is likely to be...

Human Rights, Labor Rights, and International Trade.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY LANCE A. COMPA AND STEPHEN F. DIAMOND. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1996, 311 pp. $39.95. With the globalization of the economies of the rich countries, the question of international labor standards is likely to be...

A Vision for the Economy: Openness, Diversity, and Cohesion.
November 1, 1996... BY ROBERT Z. LAWRENCE, ALBERT BRESSAND, AND TAKATOSHI ITO. Washington: Brookings, 1996, 124 pp $28.95 (paper, $10.95). This book is the capstone volume of an ambitious research program sponsored by the Brookings Institution on the integration...

War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY LAWRENCE H. KEELEY. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, 245 pp. $25.00. Most well-read students of warfare have a vague sense that the notion of peacefully primitive humanity has taken some hits in recent years. This book, however,...

Flight of the Lavi: Inside a U.S.-Israeli Crisis.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY DOV S. ZAKHEIM. Washington: Brassey's, 1996, 268 pp. $25.95 Zakheim was a Defense Department official in the Reagan administration, and the Lavi was a partially American-funded Israeli fighter airplane that he helped kill, thereby saving...

Public Affairs: The Military and the Media: 1968-1973.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY WILLIAM M. HAMMOND. Washington: Center of Military History, U.S. Army, 1996, 659 pp. $43.00. The heroes of this book are neither the press in Vietnam nor those they covered, but the American people, who displayed independence of judgment...

The History of the Unified Command Plan, 1946-1993.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY RONALD H. COKE ET AL. Washington: Joint History Office, Office of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1995,157 pp. Few subjects have as little glitter as the history of organizational wiring diagrams. Yet this slender monograph,...

Engineering the F-4 Phantom II: Parts into Systems.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY GLENN E. BUGOS. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1996, 258 pp. $29.95. Like the c-47 Dakota or the Spitfire of World War II fame, the F-4 is a classic airplane. Designed in the mid-1950s, it played a vital role in Vietnam and the...

The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Armament. (CD-ROM by A.D. Baker III) (Software Review)(Brief Article)(Evaluation)
November 1, 1996... COMPILED BY A. D. BAKER III. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1995. $160.00 ($495.00, CD-ROM). The bulky reference works that crowd the shelves of defense analysts should, and soon will, give way to products like the CD-ROM version of this...

The Day Before Yesterday: Reconsidering America's Past, Rediscovering the Present.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY MICHAEL ELLIOTT. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996, 320 pp. $24.00. An imaginative survey of the transformations that have overtaken America since the Golden Age after World War II. Elliott, the editor of Newsweek International and former...

Nixon Off the Record: His Candid Commentary on People and Politics.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY MONICA CROWLEY. New York: Random House, 1996, 231 pp. $23.00 An enjoyable little book, by Nixon's foreign policy assistant from 1990 until his death in 1994, that paints a revealing portrait of the aging statesman's views in his last years....

Smoke and Mirrors: The War on Drugs and the Politics of Failure.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY DAN BAUM. New York: Little, Brown, 1996, 396 pp. $24.95. A journalistic account of the origins and development of a policy ass expensive, ineffective, delusional, and destructive as government gets." Baum, formerly a reporter with The Wall...

The Twenty-first Century Will Be American.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY ALFREDO G. A. VALLADAO. New York Verso, 1996, 221 pp. $25.00. Prophecies of the "Americanization of the World"--the title of a 1902 book by W. T. Stead--have been around, in one form or another, for much of the nation's history. This book,...

The Constitution and the Conduct of American Foreign Policy.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY DAVID GRAY ADLER AND LARRY N. GEORGE. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996, 396 pp. $45.00 (paper, $19.95). An excellent scholarly compendium of 14 essays focusing on the wide gulf that has developed in the last 60 years between...

A New North America: Cooperation and Enhanced Interdependence.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY CHARLES F. DORAN AND ALVIN PAUL DRISCHLER. Westport: Praeger, 1996,166 pp. $49.95 (paper, $15.95). A useful collection of seven essays on the prospects for increased cooperation between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Charles...

Outposts of Empire: Korea, Vietnam, and the Origins of the Cold War in Asia, 1949-1954.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY STEVEN HUGH LEE. Buffalo: McGill-Queens University Press, 1995, 295 pp. $39.95. A careful, scholarly analysis of the development of Western policy in East Asia during the formative years of the Cold War. The author, a historian at the...

The Logic of Evil: The Social Origins of the Nazi Party, 1925-1933.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY WILLIAM BRUSTEIN. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, 235 pp. $27.50. Brustein, a sociologist at the University of Minnesota, examines who became Nazis (that is, party members between 1925 and 1933) and why. His analysis is based "on a...

The Dawn of Peace in Europe.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY MICHAEL MANDELBAUM. New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1996, 209 pp. $19.95. The theme of this clearly and convincingly argued book is that, however disorderly the rest of the world may be, "there was, and is, a new security order in...

The French Melting Pot: Immigration, Citizenship, and National Identity.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY GERARD NOlRlEL. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996, 325 pp. $57.95 (paper, $22.95). Noiriel is the leading French social scientist dealing with immigration in France. His criticism is particularly acute on the "canonical"...

Politics and Symbols: The Italian Communist Party and the fall of Communism.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY DAVID I. KERTZER. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996, 211 pp. $25.00. A social scientist who teaches anthropology and history, Kertzer is interested in a large part of what Brustein leaves out: the role of symbols and ritual in...

New European Orders, 1919 and 1991.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY SAMUEL F. WELLS, JR., AND PAULA BAILEY SMITH. Washington: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1996, 121 pp. $32.50 (paper, $14.95). This fine collection of essays by American scholars and the English historian David Dilks originated in two...

European Integration: Progress, Prospects, and U.S. Interests.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY MICHAEL CALINGAERT. Boulder: Westview, 1996, 225 pp. $56.00 (paper, $18.95). Michael Calingaert, who has a solid background in diplomacy and the private sector, in 1988 published a very useful book called The 1992 Challenge from Europe....

Venezuela and the United States: From Monroe's Hemisphere to Petroleum's Empire.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY JUDITH EWELL. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996, 267 pp. $50.00. (paper, $20.00). Ewell, Newton Professor of History at the College of William and Mary, has produced a useful overview of U.S. Venezuelan relations from the time of...

The Andean Cocaine Industry.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY PATRICK L. CLAWSON AND RENSSELAER W. LEE, III. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996, 288 pp. $35.00. A clear-eyed analysis of the Latin American cocaine business. Two longtime observers, Clawson, senior research professor at the National...

Beyond Sovereignty: Collectively Defending Democracy in the Americas.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY TOM FARER. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, 416 pp. $38.50 (paper, $19.95). A valuable collection of essays edited by a well-respected law professor and human rights activist who directs the Law and International...

The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico, 1517-1521.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY BERNAL DIAZ DEL CASTILLO. New York: Da Capo Press, 1996, 512 pp. $16.95 (paper). A welcome republication of one of the enduring works of the sixteenth century. This edition was originally drawn by Genaro Garcia from the only exact copy of...

The Coming Russian Boom: A Guide to New Markets and Politics.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY RICHARD LAYARD AND JOHN PARKER. New York: Free Press, 1996, 368 pp. $27.50. The title certainly captures one's attention. The authors, one a well-regarded economist at the London School of Economics, the other an experienced correspondent...

Origins of a Catastrophe: Yugoslavia and Its Destroyers.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY WARREN ZIMMERMANN. New York Times Books, 1996, 255 pp. $25.00. There is nothing mealy-mouthed about Warren Zimmermann, the U.S. ambassador to Yugoslavia from 1989 to 1989. From the get-go he sinks his teeth into the villains, worst among...

The Gorbachev Factor.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY ARCHIE BROWN. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, 406 pp. $30.00. Brown means to settle--or at least to say more than anyone until now about--Gorbachev's precise role in history, from his arrival in power in 1985 to his dramatic exit...

The Price of the Past: Russia's Struggle with the Legacy of a Militarized Economy.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY CEIFFORD G. GADDY. Washington: Brookings, 1996, 225 pp. $26.95. "For Russia, the first priority is not to preserve and protect the illusory value of assets embodied in its oversize defense-industrial sector," argues Gaddy, "but to develop...

Assessing Democracy Assistance: The Case of Romania.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY THOMAS CAR OTHERS. Washington: The Carnegie Endowment, 1996, 144 pp. $12.95 (paper). Carothers, a lawyer who has worked for USAID and other private organizations assisting democratic development where communist tyrannies once stood, now...

The Hidden Hand: Middle East Fears of Conspiracy.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY DANIEL PIPES. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996, 401 pp. $45.00. Anyone who has spent much time in the Middle East will have a favorite example of a conspiracy theory, often involving quite complex and fantastic explanations for the woes...

Israel on the Road to Peace: Accepting the Unacceptable.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY ZIVA FLAMHAFT. Boulder: Westview, 1996, 252 pp. $17.00 (paper). The purpose of this book is to underscore the important role of Israeli domestic politics in the ups and downs of the peace process in recent years. This is a valid, if not...

Perilous Prospects: The Peace Process and the Arab-Israeli Military Balance.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY ANTHONY H. CORDESMAN. Boulder: Westview, 1996, 304 pp. $65.00 (paper, $25.00). Cordesman is the bulldog of military analysts of the Middle East. He wrestles each scenario to the ground, chews on it, declares victory, then moves on...

Between War and Peace: Dilemmas of Israeli Security.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY EFRAIM KARSH. London: Frank Cass, 1996, 298 pp. $32.50. Cordesman is the bulldog of military analysts of the Middle East. He wrestles each scenario to the ground, chews on it, declares victory, then moves on indefatigably to the next....

Iran and the Gulf: A Search for Stability.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY JAMAL S. AL-SUWAIDI. Abu Dhabi: The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 1996, 425 pp. $60.00 (paper, $40.00). Contemporary Iran is not an easy country to understand, as this first-rate collection of essays makes clear....

The Struggle for Power in Syria: Politics and Society under Asad and the Ba'th Party.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY NIKOLAOS VAN DAM. New York: I. B. Tauris, 1996, 228 pp. $24.50. First published in 1979, this excellent study of the sectarian bases of Syrian politics has been thoroughly updated. The author remains pessimistic about a peaceful evolution...

Algeria: The Next Fundamentalist State?(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY GRAHAM E. FULLER. Santa Monica: Rand, 1996, 124 pp. $15.00 (paper). If politics were fair, Algeria's Islamists would be exercising a degree of state power after being on the verge of winning the 1991 parliamentary elections--deeply flawed...

Muslim Politics.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY DALE F. EICKELMAN AND JAMES PISCATORI. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996, 235 pp. $39.50 (paper, $13.95). This pairing of an anthropologist and a political scientist has produced a novel perspective reflecting the special concerns...

Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and Iraq.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY MALIK MUFTI. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996, 286 pp. $35.00. This well-conceived book brings a fresh interpretation to the rather tired story of Iraqi and Syrian political maneuvering in the heyday of Arab nationalism. Making...

The Islamist Dilemma: The Political Rule of Islamist Movements in the Contemporary Arab World.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDTTED BY LAURA GUAZZONE. Reading: Garnet Publishing, 1996, 390 pp. $85.00 This is a very good collection of essays that examines various strategies toward political Islam in the Arab world, ranging from exclusion to partial accommodation. The...

Comrades and Enemies: Arab and Jewish Workers in Palestine, 1906-1948.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY ZACHARY LOCKMAN. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996, 440 pp. $60.00 (paper, $25.00). Conventional nationalist histories of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are the target of this study of Arab and Jewish workers in Palestine in...

The Deng Xiaoping Era: An Inquiry into the Fate of Chinese Socialism, 1978-1994.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY MAURICE MEISNER. New York: Hill and Wang, 1996, 537 pp. $27.50. A provocative account of the post-Mao era in China by one of America's leading Sinologists. Meisner focuses not only on China's enormous quasi-capitalist success story--now the...

Remembering and Forgetting: The Legacy of War and Peace in East Asia.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY GERRIT W. GONG. Washington: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 1996, 123 pp. $15.95 (paper). An uneven and not very well integrated group of essays on an important topic: How do Confucian societies develop a modern sense...

Mending Fences: Confidence and Security-Building in South Asia.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY SUMIT GANGULY AND TED GREENWOOD. Boulder: Westview, 1996, 243 pp. $61.50. This is a very thoughtful collection of essays, with an excellent introduction, that discusses whether confidence-building measures that have been used...

Asia-Pacific Security: Less Uncertainty, New Opportunities.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY GARY KLINTWORTH. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996, 308 pp $49.95. In this useful volume, a group of scholars, most of them Australians at the Australian National University, offer a comprehensive and well-balanced picture of...

Season of Blood: A Rwandan Journey.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY FERGAL KEANE. New York: Viking, 1996, 198 pp. $22.95. These two superbly written African travelogues share a theme: genocide and the human depravity at its roots. Keane, a skilled journalist who covered the 1994 Rwandan massacres for the...

"Exterminate All the Brutes": One Man's Odyssey into the Heart of Darkness and the Origins of European Genocide.
November 1, 1996... BY SVEN LINDQVIST. New York: Free Press, 1996, 179 pp. $20.00. These two superbly written African travelogues share a theme: genocide and the human depravity at its roots. Keane, a skilled journalist who covered the 1994 Rwandan massacres for...

Burkina Faso: Unsteady Statehood in West Africa.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY PIERRE ENGELBERT. Boulder: Westview, 1996, 201 pp. $69.00. Although plagued by political instability throughout its postcolonial history-- parties and factions appear, merge, and vanish in a welter of acronyms and pseudo-ideological...

Oil and Socioeconomic Crisis in Nigeria: A Regional Perspective to the Nigerian Disease and the Rural Sector.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... BY EMMANUEL U. NNADOZIE. Lewiston: Mellon University Press, 1995, 192 pp. $49.95. In the 1980S the Nigerian economy fell victim to a strain of what economists call Dutch Disease, a precipitous decline following a windfall boom from exploiting...

African Conflict Resolution: The U.S. Role in Peacemaking.(Brief Article)
November 1, 1996... EDITED BY DAVID R. SMOCK AND CHESTER A. CROCKER. Washington: U.S. Institute of Peace Press, 1995, 163 pp. $14.95 (paper). An overview of America's actions and options in promoting peace in Africa. The contributors propose building the capacity...