Calliope articles from October 2005

Calliope archives from October 2005

To speak the names of the dead is to make them live again.(Egyptian history)(Brief Article)
October 1, 2005... Egyptian funerary text Mention Egypt, and what comes to mind? Pyramids, sphinxes, and the majestic Nile River flowing north to the Mediterranean Sea. While these may be the most visible remains of ancient Egypt, there's much more. Pyramids...

Time line: all dates are B.C. and are approximates.(Brief Article)
October 1, 2005... 1570 Egypt's New Kingdom, 1570-1070 1279 Ramesses II succeeds his father, Seti I. 1274 Ramesses II battles the Hittites at Kadesh in Year 5 of his reign. 1213 Ramesses II dies, and is succeeded by his son...

A show of courage.(Battle of Kadesh)
October 1, 2005... Ramesses smiled at the two captives who trembled before him. They had just given him the best news in the world. Ramesses II, king of Egypt, was not sitting on the golden throne in his magnificent palace at Pi-Ramesses in Egypt. He was in a...

The young soldier.(Egyptian kings)(Brief Article)
October 1, 2005... Egyptian kings were expected to defend their lands against foreigners. Army training started at an early age. It is known that Ramesses had already earned the title "Commander-in-Chief of the Army," when, at age 15, he experienced his first...

Trained to rule.(Egyptian kings)
October 1, 2005... Long before Ramesses II ascended to the throne. Egypt experienced a period of weakness and confusion. Four kings had died without sons. and the result was turmoil. as members of the ruling class fought for power, causing the Egyptian people to...

The importance of Opet.(Brief Article)
October 1, 2005... Festivals were an important part of life and religion in ancient Egypt. They honored the gods and proclaimed the association of the king and the deities. Of the many festivals Egyptians celebrated, the most important in ancient Thebes was...

A peace treaty.(Hattusilis III and Ramesses II)
October 1, 2005... The two great kingdoms of Egypt and Hatti (in present-day Turkey) had been at war for more than 50 years. Finally, in the 21st year of Ramesses II's reign, a small group of Egyptian and Hittite diplomats arrived at the Egyptian capital...

A 'lost' city found.(Pi-Ramesses)
October 1, 2005... Ramesses built mighty temples in the southern city of Thebes and, like his father Seti I, dug a great tomb for himself in the Valley of the Kings. But perhaps his most magnificent architectural achievement was his new capital city, a city that...

Nile styles.(Egyptian fashion)
October 1, 2005... The Egyptians were a fashion-conscious people. But not everyone could afford the perfumes, clothes, and jewelry worn by the upper classes. So how did the ordinary Egyptians dress? VILLAGE FASHION The poorer families did not have...

Dress like an Egyptian!
October 1, 2005... Today, a king might wear a royal crown. In Ramesses' day, he wore magnificent jewelry to identify his high office. A neshdy, or jewelry maker, crafted these treasures from gold, valuable gems, and faience (colored glass). Each gem's color had a...

Fun with words.(Egyptian language)
October 1, 2005... WORD STORIES Libya To the west of ancient Egypt lived the Libu (see also pages 30-32), one of many tribes in the area. Surviving ancient accounts dating to the time of Ramesses II note that the Libu threatened to invade Egypt. Centuries...

Grandeur at Abu Simbel.(Cover Story)
October 1, 2005... Until the 1960s, Nubia was the best place to see monuments commissioned by Ramesses II that were still in good condition. This area of the Nile Valley, which includes the very southern part of modern Egypt and the northern part of Sudan, came...

The beautiful Nefertari.(Brief Article)
October 1, 2005... Ramesses, like all of Egypt's kings, had many wives. All of these wives were considered queens, and they lived in a special building known as the royal harem palace. But one wife was always particularly special. She was the chief wife, the true...

Moving pictures.(ACTIVITY)(Brief Article)
October 1, 2005... To move the famous Abu Simbel temple, archaeologists decided that it had to be cut into pieces. This led to an incredible two-year international effort, and the results are breathtaking. At the bottom of the page, the process is only...

Pharaoh's fortress.
October 1, 2005... During the reign of the mighty warrior pharaoh Ramesses II, the Egyptian empire reached its greatest extent. It stretched northward as far as Syria, where Ramesses had fought a famous battle against the Hittites at Kadesh, and southward as far...

A piece of peace.(Brief Article)
October 1, 2005... Negotiating peace was one of Ramsses II's great attributes. How do you measure up? Three lands--Abell, Bagell and Camell--have been fighting a three-way war. To negotiate the peace, you must give each country two of its demands. This won't be...

Shade in the temple.(ACTIVITY)
October 1, 2005... Shade in all the shapes with the letter R in them to reveal what you would see if you went inside the mysterious Abu Simbel temple.

Preparing for eternity.(tombs in Egypt)
October 1, 2005... Egyptian kings made complicated preparations for the afterlife. In the time of Ramesses II, these consisted of an elaborate rock-cut tomb to shelter and protect the king's body and a temple, where offerings were made to provide for the king's...

Ozymandias.(Poem)
October 1, 2005... OZYMANDIAS I met a traveler from an antique land Who said: Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer...

The Heb-Sed.(Brief Article)
October 1, 2005... Ramesses had a very long reign as pharaoh of Egypt. Traditionally, pharaohs who ruled for many years would celebrate this longevity with a festival called the Heb-Sed, or Jubilee. The Egyptians believed that the celebrations ensured continued...

An incredible find.(the mummy of Ramesses II )
October 1, 2005... The main corridor was equally cluttered and chaotic, and we had to crawl along it without knowing where we were putting our hands and feet. The coffins and the mummies, glimpsed in the candlelight, bore historic names.... The end chamber was...

So much to tell.(tombs at the Valley of the Kings )
October 1, 2005... The monuments of ancient Egypt been visited for centuries, and many people think that we already know everything there is to know about them. Some people even claim that there is nothing left to discover in the sands of Egypt. But in 1995,...

Ask Calliope.
October 1, 2005... ? Does today's Marathon race really have a tie with ancient Greece? --Rebecca, 12, Web post ! Definitely! Tradition says that after the victory at Marathon, the Athenians sent a runner named Phidippides to Athens to tell of the Greek...

The Ancient Egyptian World.(BOOKS)(Brief Article)(Book Review)
October 1, 2005... The Ancient Egyptian World by Eric Cline and Jill Rubalcaba (Oxford, 2005, www.oup.com/usa) is one in the excellent, well-researched series "The World in Ancient Times." Each chapter takes its shape from at least one primary source. The...

The Ancient Egyptians.(BOOKS)(Brief Article)(Book Review)
October 1, 2005... The Ancient Egyptians by Rosalie F. and Charles F. Baker III (Oxford, 2001, www.oup.com/usa) includes 28 well-researched, interesting-to-read, full biographies and several brief biographies of outstanding Egyptians, including rulers, military...

Ramesses, Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh.(BOOKS)(Brief Article)(Book Review)
October 1, 2005... Ramesses, Egypt's Greatest Pharaoh by Joyce Tyldesley (Penguin, 2001, www.penguin.co.uk) use archaeological evidence combined with historical fact to explore the life and times of Ramesses. This excellent, descriptive, accurate portrait of the...

Egypt--4,000 Years of Art.(BOOKS)(Brief Article)(Book Review)
October 1, 2005... Egypt--4,000 Years of Art by Jaromir Malek (Phaidon, 2003, www.phaidon.com) highlights with an image accompanied by an accurate and informative description more than 300 masterpieces of Egyptian art. An excellent introduction, detailed...

On the net.(websites)(Brief Article)(Bibliography)
October 1, 2005... Here's a site hosted by the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) that has a wealth of information on ancient Egypt, including a link to more about Ramesses II: www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/ For Public Broadcasting System's...

Cobblestone resources.(Brief Article)(Bibliography)
October 1, 2005... Materials that complement this issue's theme, "Egypt's Ramesses the Great," and are available from Cobblestone Publishing, include: Incredible Egypt (DIG0411) Nubia (DIG0309) Alexandria Under the Ptolemies (CAL0110) Science...

Ramesses' legacy.
October 1, 2005... Ramesses' years on the throne of Egypt were eventful ones. A fortunate combination of circumstances--good harvests, international stability, and, of course, an extraordinarily long life that resulted in his outliving his contemporaries and many...