Calliope articles from October 2001

Calliope archives from October 2001

It is more kingly to enrich than to be enriched.(Alexandria, Egypt)
October 1, 2001... ALEXANDER THE GREAT, CLEOPATRA, THE SEVEN Wonders of the World--who has not read about at least one of these topics? Yet, how many know that all three relate to the Egyptian city of Alexandria? Wonder how? Then turn the page to learn when and...

Time Line.(Alexandria, Egypt)
October 1, 2001... B.C. 332 Alexander the Great takes control of Egypt. 323 Alexander the Great dies in Babylon. Ptolemy arrives in Egypt and takes control of the country. 305 Ptolemy declares himself king of Egypt. Also called Ptolemy Soter...

ALEXANDER'S CITY OF DREAMS.(Alexandria, Egypt)
October 1, 2001... ALEXANDER THE GREAT HAD CONQUERED THE COASTAL MEDITERRANEAN CITIES OF TYRE AND Gaza. He now turned his attention to Egypt, one of the oldest kingdoms in the world. If he conquered Egypt, the 24-year-old warrior king reasoned, he could separate...

PTOLEMY I GAINS CONTROL OF EGYPT.(321 B.C.)
October 1, 2001... In ancient times, political leaders commissioned their portraits imprinted on coins such as this one of Ptolemy I to affirm their rule and important events. Today, such images on coins and paper money serve more to honor past leaders. ...

LIKE FATHER, LIKE SON.(Ptolemy II )
October 1, 2001... At the age of 25, Ptolemy II (also known as Ptolemy Philadelphus) succeeded Ptolemy I as king of Egypt. Following in his father's footsteps, he sought to extend the influence of Ptolemaic rule across the newly Hellenized Mediterranean world....

A WORLD CENTER FOR LEARNING.(Alexandria, Egypt)
October 1, 2001... Scholars at Alexandria certainly studied the astronomical calculations of Hipparchus, who lived mainly on Rhodes around 140 B.C.. EARLY IN THE THIRD CENTURY B.C., SAILORS ENTERING ALEXANDRIA WERE MET AT THE DOCK BY A MOST UNUSUAL ROYAL...

Try This Bowl-Shaped Sundial.(skaphe)
October 1, 2001... ARISTARCHUS OF SAMOS, THE MATHEMATICIAN WHO PROPOSED THE THEORY THAT THE SUN AND STARS DO NOT MOVE AND THAT THE EARTH moves around the sun, is often credited with the invention of an improved sundial. Called a skaphe, a Greek word meaning "a...

A MIXED POPULATION.(Alexandria, Egypt)
October 1, 2001... ALMOST FROM THE DAY IT WAS FOUNDED BY ALEXANDER, THE CITY at the mouth of the Nile was recognized as a unique settlement. Much of what made it special was its great lighthouse (one of the seven wonders of the ancient world), the long "mole" or...

THE `SHINING LIGHT' OF ITS TIME.(great lighthouse)(Alexandria, Egypt)
October 1, 2001... NEW YORK'S STATUE OF LIBERTY, FRANCE'S EIFFEL Tower--have you ever wanted to visit these spectacular sites? If so, you will understand how the ancients felt about the great lighthouse of Alexandria. The tallest manmade structure of its time,...

THE FATE OF THE PHAROS.(Alexandria lighthouse)
October 1, 2001... In A.D. 1166, an Arab traveler described the Pharos in precise detail. However, earthquakes in the years that followed shook the structure and caused damage. In 1349, when Arab traveler Ibn Battuta visited Alexandria, the lighthouse was in...

WORD ORIGINS.(Egypt, Greek)
October 1, 2001... The word "ebony" traces its journey into English first to Greek and then to Egyptian. The tree that produced the hard black "ebony" wood so highly prized in Egypt and the ancient Mediterranean world is technically called dalbergia melanoxylon....

BENEATH ALEXANDRIA'S SAPPHIRE SKY.(Alexandria, Egypt; 255 B.C. - scientific discourse)
October 1, 2001... CHARACTERS [all are actual people whose discoveries formed the basis of much scientific thought]: Aristarchus of Samos: chief astronomer of the Great Library of Alexandria Archimedes: mathematician from Syracuse Conon: astronomer...

THE DYNASTY CONTINUES.(Ptolemaic rulers - Egypt)
October 1, 2001... When Ptolemy I declared himself king of Egypt in 305 B.C., many Alexandrians doubted that he could hold the throne for long. Even the proud king himself Could hardly have dreamed that the dynasty he founded would remain in power for nearly 300...

The Last of the Ptolemies.(Cleopatra VII)
October 1, 2001... She became queen of Egypt at 18. She spoke Greek and at least eight other languages. She was the first Ptolemy to learn Egyptian. She was also the last Ptolemy. She was the bright and vivacious Cleopatra VII. Beginning her reign in 51 B.C.,...

Cleopatra's Awesome Female Ancestors.
October 1, 2001... CLEOPATRA VII CAME FROM A LONG LINE OF IMPRESSIVE QUEENS, SEVERAL of whom were very powerful. Cleopatra I, who was the wife of Ptolemy V, and Cleopatra V Tryphaena, who probably was Cleopatra VII's mother--the records are unclear--both ruled...

RELIVING THE GLORY.(Alexandria, Egypt)
October 1, 2001... All his life, the French general Napoleon had read about the glories of Alexandria. So, when he landed there with his troops in 1798, ready to conquer Egypt for France, he was shocked at how little was left. On the shore where the greatest...

THE BLEEDING BRANCHES.(Poem)
October 1, 2001... The Trojans sailed from Asia Toward Thrace. They had been fighting With the people from Greece. For a long time, Thrace dominated The nation of Troy. But the relations were friendly Before the war. ...

THE TROJAN WAR.(Poem)
October 1, 2001... Here Aeneas tells the tale. In these few lines he will unveil, The Greeks were ready for a war. For the Trojans, death was in store. They fought for a very long time. The Greeks committed many a crime. They sent...

EGYPTIANS MEASURING GRAIN.
October 1, 2001... Roosevelt Junior High School New Bedford, Massachusetts

The Departure From Troy.(Poem)
October 1, 2001... The Trojan man was telling, The Phoenician Queen, The story of Troy, And all that he had seen. Once Troy fell to the earth, It would lead to Italy's new birth, Now we walked toward the town's gate, We...

The Trojan Horse.(Poem)
October 1, 2001... Aeneas tells the Trojan War story, The story tells a sad battle of lost glory, Greece prepares for war and sails, To beautiful Asia where the Trojans do stay, They planned to do battle and cause dismay, They fought for...

BOOKS.(ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian history)(Bibliography)
October 1, 2001... Alexandria Rediscovered by Jean-Yves Empereur (George Braziller, 1998) includes a full account of the exciting finds and expeditions made in the 1990s, all accompanied by detailed photographs. Cleopatra by Abd al-Rahman Azzam (AMIDEAST-Hood...

COBBLESTONE RESOURCES.
October 1, 2001... Materials that complement this issue's theme, "Alexandria Under the Ptolemies" and are available from Cobblestone Publishing: The Classical Companion includes a chapter, complete with activities, on Cleopatra and her involvement both with...

On the Net.
October 1, 2001... For more historical, cultural, and geographical information about Alexandria, past and present, try: http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/alexandria i-cias.com/e.o (then scroll to Alexandria and click "go") For more information on...

The Search for Alexandria.(underwater archaeological research in Egypt)
October 1, 2001... This section represents a joint effort by CALLIOPE magazine, the Franck Goddio Society, the Hilti Foundation, GARMIN International, and the Discovery Channel. It introduces you to the underwater archaeology work currently taking place at...

An Interview with Underwater Explorer: Franck Goddio.(Interview)
October 1, 2001... How has your mapping of Alexandria's harbor helped to clarify ancient descriptions of the city? The only thing we had about the topography [maps or charts that represent the surface features of a region] of the ancient royal quarter of...

At Work Underwater: What is GPS?(global positioning system)
October 1, 2001... GPS STANDS FOR GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM, A NETWORK of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the United States Department of Defense. Each satellite circles the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmits information to earth daily. A...

Make A Grid.(Brief Article)
October 1, 2001... YOU NEED: * 2 large boxes, each at least 4 inches deep (best are appliance boxes with the tops removed, the sides cut down to a height of 4-6 inches, and the metal strip holding the bottom firmly--call your local appliance store and ask...