Calliope articles from February 2001

Calliope archives from February 2001

BOOKS.(Norman Period in England history)
February 1, 2001... Hastings 1066 by Christopher Gravett (Osprey Military, 1992) complements its well-researched text with a variety of images (contemporary, modern, and reconstructed views) and detailed diagrams and maps. Life in a Medieval Castle by Gary L....

RESOURCES.
February 1, 2001... Travels with a Troubadour: A Journey Through the Middle Ages: An Interactive Curriculum Unit for Social Studies (DEMCO: Past Ports Social Studies Curriculum Support Materials, 1996)

ALSO RECOMMENDED.(book on Anglo-Saxon period)
February 1, 2001... The Age of Diverging Traditions by J.M. Roberts (Oxford University Press, 1999), Volume 4 in the 10-volume series titled The Illustrated History of the World

ON THE NET.(Web sites with information on Norman Conquest)
February 1, 2001... For a site with numerous links to visual images (including captioned details of the entire Bayeux Tapestry), maps, time lines, and the chronological history of the events and people connected with the Norman Conquest, try: 1066.com/intro.html...

William The Conqueror.
February 1, 2001... In the year A.D. 1066, William, duke of Normandy, brooded over the fact that he wasn't king of England. Edward the Confessor had promised him the throne. However, after Edward died, Harold II sat upon it instead. Then William gave an evil grin,...

Battle of Hastings.
February 1, 2001... In A.D. 1066, two armies were invading England at almost the same time. The Danes were invading in the north and the Normans were invading in the south. Harold the Saxon went to fight the Danes at Stamford Bridge, while William, duke of...

WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR.
February 1, 2001... Bonjour! I am William, duke of Normandy. We are at war with the Anglo-Saxons. I am commanding a fleet of knights. We have built co, sties on their land. I want to become the king of the Anglo-Saxons, but they named earl Harold king. We have...

Castles and the Norman Conquest.
February 1, 2001... Despite his victory at Hastings, William did not feel secure. Forced to hold vast amounts of conquered territory with only a small number of soldiers, he knew that the Anglo-Saxons hated the Normans and might rebel at any time. To protect his...

The Domesday Book.(English historical document)
February 1, 2001... As AN INVENTORY OF LAND AND PROPERTY IN England, the Domesday Book was unsurpassed in medieval times for its thoroughness and the speed with which it was compiled. First, Norman lords gathered local information and sent it to the king's...

AFTER HASTINGS.
February 1, 2001... AFTER THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS, life in England was very different. Under the Normans, government, the church, the language, and the customs of the people changed. William took large tracts of land from English noblemen and gave them to his...

English Survives the Conquest.(Norman Conquest and English in the United Kingdom)
February 1, 2001... OLD ENGLISH, THE LANGUAGE OF THE Anglo-Saxons, dominated England before the Norman Conquest. Some 200 years earlier, in the 800s, Northmen had invaded and settled in England. Their language, Old Norse, was somewhat similar to English, and the...

DESCENDANTS OF WILLIAM.(William I, King of England)
February 1, 2001... WHILE ATTACKING THE TOWN of Mantes in Normandy in 1087, King William became ill. According to some reports, he was injured in a fall from his horse. In either case, William retreated to Rouen, where he died on September 9, 1087. His three sons...

THE ART OF TAPESTRY.
February 1, 2001... This section is a joint effort by CALLIOPE and the Department of Textile and Fashion Arts at the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) in Boston, Massachusetts; For more information about the MFA, which is open seven days a week, check out its Web site:...

INTERVIEW.(Lauren D. Whitley, Assistant Curator in the Department of Textile and Fashion Arts at Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)(Interview)
February 1, 2001... Lauren D. Whitley is Assistant Curator in the Department of Textile and Fashion Arts at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Whitley was an art history major as an undergraduate and then focused on museum studies as a graduate student at the...

IN THE GALLERY.(hanging of a tapestry in Museum of Fine Arts, Boston)
February 1, 2001... After much preparation and coordination of schedules, the day arrives for Lauren Whitley, Assistant Conservator Meredith Montague and Conservation Assistant Claudia Iannuccilli to hang a specially chosen tapestry in the Cunningham Gallery. The...

THE SUN TEXTILES ENEMY.(how museums protect textiles)(includes experiment on sunlight damage)
February 1, 2001... MUSEUM STAFF ALWAYS WORRY ABOUT THE EFFECTS of human contact on objects. Do not touch" signs in the galleries make this clear to visitors. So, too, do guard rails and glass cases. Thus, it is not only visitors who must take care, but staff...

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1066.(Battle of Hastings)
February 1, 2001... IN THE CHILLY PREDAWN, KING HAROLD SURVEYS THE English camp on Caldbec Hill. His army has been arriving all night. The woods around now teem with seven or eight thousand men. Only one-third are Harold's elite troops of housecarls, the rest are...

Design a `Protector' for a Ship.(how to make a plaque inspired by the ornamental prow of Duke William's ship)
February 1, 2001... FLANKED WITH WOODEN shields, with a striped woolen sail billowing in the wind and a fierce dragon at the prow, Duke William's ship was bound for the coast of England. Built in the style of the Viking longboats, many of the ships in William's...

Fun With Words.(English word origins)
February 1, 2001... WORD ORIGINS Smells Thanks to the Normans, words have various shades of meaning. An aroma is a pleasant odor or fragrance. English borrowed it from the Old French aromat, meaning sweet spice. Scent, from the Old French sentir, refers...

THE STORY IN PICTURES.(Battle of Hastings portrayed in Bayeux Tapestry)
February 1, 2001... THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS and the events leading to it are the subjects of one of the most famous works of art from the early Middle Ages, the Bayeux Tapestry. This long, narrow strip of coarse linen is technically an embroidery, since its designs...

William's Monk.(Lanfranc)
February 1, 2001... In the 1100s, Eadmer of Canterbury wrote of King William that "all things, spiritual and temporal, waited on the nod of the king." An Italian monk named Lanfranc was one of those who received King William's nod. After studying and...

Time Line.(Year A.D. 1066)
February 1, 2001... The Year A.D. 1066 January King Edward of England dies, probably on the fourth or fifth of January. January Harold Godwin is crowned Harold II, king of England, at Westminster Abbey on the day of Edward's burial. April...

Land for Peace.(Viking settlement of Normandy)
February 1, 2001... ONLY THE SHEEP ON THE HILLSIDE SAW THEM COMing. Beneath their wind-strained sails, the fleet of sleek, low vessels rode the dark swells of the North Sea like a pack of attacking wolves. They did not pause to anchor offshore, but plowed up on...

ANGLO-SAXONS UNITE AGAINST THE VIKING THREAT.
February 1, 2001... Vikings first invaded England in A.D. 789. More came in 793, when, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the "ravages of heathen men miserably destroyed God's church on Lindisfarne, with plunder and slaughter." For the next century, Danish...

The Bid for the Throne of England.(struggle over successor to Edward the Confessor)
February 1, 2001... TURBULENT TIMES OFTEN FOLLOW THE DEATH OF A king, and this is particularly true if the right of succession to the throne has not been established already. When Edward the Confessor, the last Anglo-Saxon king, died, he left no children and no...

THE STAGE IS SET.(Norman invasion of England)
February 1, 2001... As the year 1066 approached, rumors flew that King Edward was seriously ill. Such talk naturally made his subjects uneasy because Edward had no children, no royal heirs to the throne. One possible choice was Harold Godwin, the earl of Wessex...

An English Victory at the Bridge.(Stamford Bridge)
February 1, 2001... ON SEPTEMBER 25, 1066, KING HAROLD HARDRADA ("Hard-Ruler") of Norway and his ally Tostig, the rebellious younger brother of King Harold II of England, marched two-thirds of their army to Stamford Bridge. Just five days earlier, they had...