Calliope articles from December 2001

Calliope archives from December 2001

The world of the Dead Sea: ... If you are poor, do not say I am destitute, and therefore I will no[t] seek knowledge. To every teaching put your shoulder, and in every [lesson] join your heart, and [then] your thoughts will be with much understanding. (Musings).(scrolls)(Brief Article)(Editorial)
December 1, 2001... -excerpted from a scroll found in Cave 4 Since 1947, when the first Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered, the content and meaning of these scrolls and of subsequent finds have been discussed and debated in universities, conferences, and homes...

A find in the desert: in the winter of 1946 or 1947, a Bedouin shepherd searching for a lost goat in the Judean Desert threw a rock into a cave and heard the sound of a rock hitting pottery. Soon after, he returned with some friends. Inside the cave they found seven nearly complete scrolls hidden in clay jars. (Digging Up The Past).(finding of the Dead Sea Scrolls)(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... The following spring they brought some of the scrolls to Kando, a shoemaker in Bethlehem who was also an antiquities dealer. In July, Kando sold four scrolls to the Syrian Metropolitan (head of the Syrian Orthodox Church) in Jerusalem for very...

Cave 1 was not the first.(Jericho scrolls given to Solomon Schechter, Cambridge University)(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... The seven scrolls found by the Bedouin in the late 1940s were not the first uncovered in the area. Several accounts from antiquity and the Middle Ages describe scrolls discovered in the region of Jericho. In more modern times, two Scottish...

The `Dead Sea'.(description, history and scrolls)(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... LOCATED IN THE JUDEAN DESERT ABOUT 13 MILES EAST OF JERUSALEM, THE DEAD SEA IS at 1,325 feet below sea level, the lowest point on earth. It is fed by the Jordan River, which flows into it from the north. At the time of the discovery of the...

The search for more.(Dead Sea Scrolls)(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... IN 1949, G. LANKESTER HARDING, HEAD OF THE JORDANIAN ANTIQUITIES Department and the Palestine Archaeological Museum, and Roland de Vaux of the French Biblical and Archaeological School in East Jerusalem gathered a team of archaeologists at...

Glossary.(Middle East history)(Brief Article)(Glossary)
December 1, 2001... Apocrypha Books similar to those of the Hebrew Bible but composed in the Hellenistic period, and preserved or written in Greek. These books are not included in the Hebrew Bible, but are part of the Septuagint Greek Bible, and have...

Politics intervenes.(Dead Sea Scrolls)(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... THE YEAR WAS 1956 AND, ONCE AGAIN, EVENTS IN THE Middle East interfered with scrolls research. As a direct result of Arab raids into Israel and Egypt's closing of the Suez Canal to international traffic, French, British, and Israeli forces...

At work on the scrolls.(Dead Sea Scrolls)(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... MOST SCROLLS WERE MADE FROM THE HIDES OF COWS, SHEEP, OR GOATS, AND, on occasion, from the skins of deer or gazelle, which was the custom of the time. To make them suitable for writing, skins had to be prepared and treated. The precise process...

The historical setting: scholars use four methods to date the Dead Sea Scrolls: radioactive carbon-14 testing, paleography, archaeology, and references to historical events and persons within the scrolls themselves.(research)(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... Radiocarbon dating can be performed on organic material, such as the leather wrapping or the papyrus on which the scrolls were written. It works by determining the ratio of radioactive carbon-14, which begins to decay at a known, fixed rate...

The Qumran community.(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... WHEN THE FIRST CAVE CONTAINING MANUSCRIPTS WAS DISCOVERED IN THE area of Qumran, excavators noticed building ruins about one-half mile away. At first they thought the cave and the ruins were unconnected, but they later changed their opinion...

The scrolls and Judaism.(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... While Qumran flourished, the sect that lived there collected scrolls, which have proved very important to current study on the history of Judaism. Before the scrolls were discovered, there was little evidence about Jewish religious thought in...

How to make a scroll. (Activity).(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... Many of the Dead Sea Scrolls were made of portions of parchment sewn together. They were then rolled and tied with leather strips threaded through a tab. Follow the directions here to make your own authentic-looking scroll. What you write...

Fun with words.(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... WORD ORIGINS CHUTZPAH Chutzpah, also spelled chutzpa, is a colloquial Yiddish term that traces its origin to a similar word in Hebrew that means "insolence" and "boldness." Although in Yiddish and in colloquial English chutzpah was...

Battle of hastings.
December 1, 2001... My grandfather told me about the Battle of Hastings. He was William the Conqueror. The story was bloody about the battle and getting to be king. When he first got to England, he and all of his people were afraid because they did not know where...

The poet.
December 1, 2001... The poet sits in his chair, With a dazed sort of glare. Looking, waiting, thinking. Suddenly, An idea comes to his mind. He puts his pen on his pad and words, Like a black ink ocean, Spill onto his page. Lucas Garrison Chevy...

To bathe, or not to bathe? that is the question.(Brief Article)
December 1, 2001... When the Black Plague swept across Europe in ancient times, the Christians thought that it was caused by water. Little did they know that it was caused by a swarm of fleas that gave the people diseases. People were forbidden to bathe in the...

Books. (Off the Shelf).
December 1, 2001... Atlas of the Jewish World by Nicolas de Lange (Facts On File, 1992) includes three major sections: "Historical Background," "Cultural Background," and "The Jewish World Today." This volume with its wealth of maps, photos, diagrams, and special...

On the net. (Off the Shelf).(Dead Sea Scrolls)
December 1, 2001... For more information about the Dead Sea Scrolls and a virtual tour of the caves, check out: orion.mscc.huji.ac.il/ For information about the Dead Sea Scrolls exhibit at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C., as well as links to other...

Reference. (Off the Shelf).(Dead Sea Scrolls, further reading)(Brief Article)(Bibliography)
December 1, 2001... The following are excellent background resources: The Dead Sea Scrolls Bible edited by Eugene Ulrich, Martin Abegg, Jr., and Peter Flint (HarperCollins, 1999) The Dead Sea Scrolls Today by James C. VanderKam (William B. Eerdmans, 1994)...

Also recommended. (Off the Shelf).(On Shabbat; The Usborne Book of World Religions)
December 1, 2001... On Shabbat by Cathy Goldman Fishman (Simon and Schuster, 2001) explains the traditions of the Shabbat by looking at the experiences of a Jewish family in their weekly celebration. The Usborne Book of World Religions by Susan Meredith...

Cobblestone resources. (Off the Shelf).
December 1, 2001... The following issues of CALLIOPE complement this issue's theme, "The Dead Sea Scrolls": Judaism (March/April 1994) Early Christianity (March/April 1996)

The Hebrew bible and the dead sea scrolls: the Bible--the sacred book(s) of Jews and Christians--is the best-selling book in the world. For Jews, the Bible consists of 24 separate books, beginning with Genesis and ending with Chronicles. This is often called the Hebrew Bible.(Brief Article)(Critical Essay)
December 1, 2001... Protestant Christians accept this Bible, which they call the Old Testament, and add to it the 27 books of the New Testament, beginning with the Gospel of Matthew and ending with Revelation. Roman Catholics accept the Hebrew Bible and the New...

The scrolls and the new testatment.(Dead Sea Scrolls)
December 1, 2001... THE COMMUNITY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SCROLLS WAS A JEWISH GROUP, PROBABLY THE Essenes. They lived near the shore of the Dead Sea for some 170 years, from about 100 B.C.E. until 68 C.E. The scrolls provide first-hand evidence about this Jewish...