Feedstuffs articles from March 2007

Feedstuffs archives from March 2007

Antibiotic bans questioned.(News)
March 12, 2007... A SURPRISING finding by a team of University of Georgia scientists suggests that curbing the use of antibiotics on poultry farms will do little--if anything--to reduce rates of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that have the potential to threaten...

Schwab faces uphill battle on trade front.(News)
March 12, 2007... INSTEAD of media-frenzied ministerial meetings, U.S. Trade Representative Susan Schwab said trade negotiators are making progress behind the scenes on reviving world trade talks. Since last July, there have been several quiet "what if"...

Welfare to consider facts, ethics.(News)
March 12, 2007... "THE new reality" about agriculture is that it's under constant pressure to change as activists demand safer food, a better-protected environment and more humanely raised livestock, noted Dennis Treacy, vice president for corporate affairs and...

New Mexico confirms TB.(bovine tuberculosis )(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... A confirmed case of bovine tuberculosis (TB) has been reported in Eddy County, N.M., according to officials from the New Mexico Livestock Board. An infected dairy cow was discovered during routine testing, and the board and the U.S. Department...

Delegates request expanded research.(National Pork Act)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Pork producer delegates to the National Pork Act, which establishes policy for the National Pork Promotion & Research Board to follow in managing the pork checkoff, have instructed the board to expand research in "feed costs and nutritional...

Board launches research consortium.(News Watch)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... The National Pork Board had set aside $400,000 in checkoff funds for "nutritional efficiency" research to make sure pork producers have effective feedstuffs to replace corn, emphasizing that the research would be directed not only at ethanol...

NPPC calls for end to tariff, tax credit.(News Watch)
March 12, 2007... Pork producer delegates to the National Pork Producers Council (NPPC), who establish policy for NPPC, adopted a number of policy positions at the National Pork Forum in reference to ethanol and renewable energy. In one resolution, delegates...

Cargill sues former employees.(News Watch)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Cargill filed a lawsuit March 1 in a federal district court in Sacremento, Cal., against the former general manager of its Pacific Coast business and four of its former dairy consultants, all of whom resigned Jan. 31 to start two dairy...

Jim Corbin.(News Watch)(death of James E. Corbin)(Obituary)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... James E. Corbin, a professor emeritus of animal sciences at the University of Illinois, died March 1. "For good reason, Jim Corbin was recognized as the father of the modern pet food industry," said Neal Merchen, head of the department of...

Clarification.(News Watch)(Correction notice)
March 12, 2007... In the March 5 story, "Needle-free vaccine, device approved," Merial's transdermal needlefree device for production animals is still in the regulatory review process.

U.S., Mexico CCA.(News Watch)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns and Mexico's Agriculture Secretary Alberto Cardenas and Economy Secretary Eduardo Sojo signed a memorandum of understanding March 7 to re-establish the U.S.-Mexico Consultative Committee on Agriculture (CCA)....

Get the story right.(Inside Washington)
March 12, 2007... JUST a minute. The Washington Post led its Sunday front page earlier this month with a story charging that the Food & Drug Administration was "on track" to approve a new cattle antibiotic that could jeopardize a particularly important class of...

Canada undecided on U.S. corn panel.(News)
March 12, 2007... AN OFFICIAL with Canada's trade department said last Wednesday the federal government has yet to decide whether to ask the World Trade Organization for a panel to rule in its dispute with the U.S. over crop subsidies. Under the WTO...

Canada looks at dairy, egg poultry tariffs.(News)
March 12, 2007... CANADIAN Agriculture Minister Chuck Strahl came as close as he's ever come recently to saying the government is looking at cuts to over-quota tariffs and expanded tariff rate quotas (TRQs) on dairy, egg and poultry products as part of a...

Esbenshade trial resumes.(News)
March 12, 2007... A DISTRICT court judge last week said she will decide next month on animal cruelty charges filed against the owner of Esbenshade Egg Farms near Mt. Joy, Penn., and a manager of one of the farms. Owner H. Glenn Esbenshade and manager Jay...

FAPRI pegs corn acres at 87b.(Food & Agricultural Policy Research Institute)(Report)
March 12, 2007... THE pressure on corn-based feed prices has prompted the livestock industry to lobby for "market-driven" ethanol production, which is code for the position that ethanol production should not be artificially supported by the federal 51-cent tax...

Manure exemption faces tough test.(News)
March 12, 2007... DESPITE strong support from the agricultural interests, a bipartisan bill aimed at making sure livestock manure is exempt from the federal Superfund law faces a tough debate in Congress. The bill, introduced March 8, is major legislation...

Circovirus, corn costs continue to hit Smithfield.(Business)
March 12, 2007... SMITHFIELD Foods Inc. continued to lose money in its hog production business but show profits in its pork business in its fiscal 2007 third quarter, pointing to the adverse effects of circovirus and higher corn costs on hog margins and an...

Stock summary.(Business)(Statistical table)
March 12, 2007... Stock Summary Feedstuffs-Nelson Stock Indexes March 7 Feb. 28 Year ago Agribusiness 128.50 130.10 111.10 Baking 256.20 260.60 220.00 Fertilizer ...

A&P, Pathmark reach merger agreement.(Business)
March 12, 2007... THE Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Co. (A&P) and Pathmark Stores Inc. announced last week that they have reached terms to merge, creating the 10th largest food retailer in the U.S., a 550-store supermarket system with $11.1 billion in sales. ...

ABS Global.(Names in the News)(appointment of Mark Heimes )(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... ABS GLOBAL, DeForest, Wis. -- Mark Heimes has been named area sales manager for eastern South Dakota, northeastern Nebraska and northwest Iowa. Heimes will be responsible for managing sales routes and supporting independent representatives in...

Biopesticide Industry Alliance.(Names in the News)(appointment of Michael H. Beevers )(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... BIOPESTICIDE INDUSTRY ALLIANCE, Kerman, Cal. -- Michael H. Beevers has been appointed executive director. Beevers will be responsible for strengthening relationships with key regulatory agencies, increasing education among key influencers and...

Danisco Animal Nutrition.(Names in the News)(appointment of Dr. Peter Plumstead and Ed Wyatt )(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... DANISCO ANIMAL NUTRITION, Marlborough,Wiltshire, U.K. -- Dr. Peter Plumstead has been appointed global technical services manager. Plumstead will be based in Marlborough. He was previously with North Carolina State University. ...

Land O'Lakes Inc.(Names in the News)(appointment of Carol Kitchen )(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... LAND O'LAKES INC., St. Paul, Minn. -- Carol Kitchen has been appointed vice president. Kitchen will be responsible for managing several Land O'Lakes Purina Feed operations, the Nutrablend and Thomas Products businesses, Innovative Proteins and...

Paulsen Marketing.(Names in the News)
March 12, 2007... PAULSEN MARKETING, Sioux Falls, S.D. -- Amber Tjernagel has joined the firm as account coordinator. Tjernagel was previously with Alltech. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

Solvay North America LLC.(Names in the News)(appointment of Michael Lacey )(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... SOLVAY NORTH AMERICA LLC, Houston, Texas -- Michael Lacey has been named vice president finance and information technology. Lacey was most recently president and chief executive officer of Solvay Solexis Inc. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

Giants join climate exchange.(Cargill Inc.)(Smithfield Foods Inc.)(Chicago Climate Exchange)
March 12, 2007... TWO agribusiness giants, Cargill Inc. and Smithfield Foods Inc., have joined the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) and have pledged to decrease carbon-based, or "greenhouse," gas emissions at their U.S. operations by 6% by 2010. The...

Glucan distributor.(In 60 seconds)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Glucan distributor: Lallemand Animal Nutrition and Trouw Nutrition International (TNI), a Nutreco company, announced their intensified cooperation on the distribution of Fibosel, a unique source of activated beta-glucans, which are widely...

NCBA officers.(National cattlemen's Beef Association)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... NCBA officers: John Queen, owner at John Queen Farms near Waynesville, N.C., is now president of the National Cattlemen's Beef Assn., succeeding Mike John. Queen also owns Southeast Livestock Exchange, a video-telemarketing company. Queen said...

NTF officers.(Farbest Foods Inc.)(Pilgrim's Pride Corp.)(West Liberty Foods)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... NTF officers: Ted Seger of Farbest Foods Inc. was elected chair of the National Turkey Federation (NTF) at its annual convention Feb. 8-10 in Tucson, Ariz. Also elected were Paul Hill, West Liberty Foods, as vice chair, and Ron Morris,...

Pork producers promise 'Plus': pork producers create "PQA Plus" to assure consumers of the highest levels of pork safety and swine welfare with a credible, workable and affordable program.(Feedstuffs FoodLink: CONNECTING FARM TO FORK)(pork quality assurance)
March 12, 2007... PORK producers recently voted to make their "responsibility" their "promise" to care for their animals at the highest levels of health and welfare, combining food safety and swine welfare practices into one program. Producer-delegates to...

Let's heat our own home.(Loos Tales)
March 12, 2007... I'VE not spent a lot of time in the past on the renewable fuels situation, and it should be no surprise to anyone that I am first and foremost a livestock enthusiast. However, at one of my recent speaking engagements, several people...

NAIS needs Congressional mandate.(Editorial)(National Animal Identification System)
March 12, 2007... WHAT happens if the first animal into the plant in 2009 has lesions in its mouth, and it's not an NAIS animal because it never got registered in an NAIS database because the initiative is voluntary? The threat would be real and serious. ...

Manure production efficiency improves.(Research)(Statistical data)
March 12, 2007... MANURE is an inevitable byproduct of the production of meat and milk destined for human consumption, and excessive excretion of manure and manure nutrients represents inefficiencies that increase feed costs, increase the environmental impact of...

Fisheries reform urged.(National Center for Policy Analysis)(www.ncpa.org.)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... AMERICAN and world fisheries have entered a period of rapid and unprecedented decline, according to a brief analysis released by the National Center for Policy Analysis (NCPA). To halt the slide, government should treat fish the same way it...

Factors affect dairy calf growth measurements.(Bottom Line)
March 12, 2007... SOME measure of growth is useful since calves and heifers are "grown" as replacement lactating animals, but in practice, growth is not often measured. If a commercial calf/heifer grower is paid on the basis of pounds of gain, then a few...

Compounding guide.(www.aaep.org)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Compounding guide: The Drug Compounding Task Force of the American Association of Equine Practitioners has released guidelines regarding the responsible use of compounded medications by veterinarians. Issues addressed in the guidelines,...

Insecticide tags.(KMG Chemicals Inc.)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Insecticide tags: KMG Chemicals Inc. has introduced Avenger insecticide cattle ear tags for the prevention and control of flies and pests of beef and lactating dairy cattle. KMG noted that the ear tags rely on Ectoran Technology to provide...

Shrimp feed.(Advanced BioNutrition Corp.)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Shrimp feed: Advanced Bio-Nutrition Corp. (ABN) has launched AquaGrow for Shrimp, which allows shrimp feed manufacturers to produce feeds comprised of ingredients that are 100% sustainable in origin. ABN said the product provides a balance of...

Approved implant.(In 60 seconds)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Approved implant: The Food & Drug Administration has amended the animal drug regulations to reflect approval of a supplemental abbreviated new animal drug application (ANADA 200-346) filed by Ivy Laboratories, a division of Ivy Animal Health...

Removed caution.(In 60 seconds)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Removed caution: The Food & Drug Administration has amended the animal drug regulations to reflect approval of a supplemental new animal drug application (NADA 141-258) filed by Intervet Inc. that provides for the removal of a caution statement...

Fine-tune rations with vitamins A, D and E: current feeding recommendations for many vitamins are based on results from research conducted decades ago and may not take into consideration today's production situations and stress.(Nutrition & Health: Dairy)
March 12, 2007... THE requirements for vitamins A, D and E in dairy rations warrant a second look. When the National Research Council (NRC) published the seventh edition of the Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle in 2001, the recommendations for vitamins A and...

Milk prices following higher feed costs.(Dairy Industry INSIDER)
March 12, 2007... MILK futures at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) are making a dramatic leap into the unknown as commodity traders bid up prices in response to strong export demand for milk proteins and rising feed costs. As of Feb. 28, milk futures...

EPA proposes rodenticide changes.(Dairy Industry INSIDER)(Environmental Protection Agency)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... THE Environmental Protection Agency is soliciting public comment on its proposed risk mitigation decisions and impact assessment for rodenticides. Comments are due by March 19. After assessing human health and ecological effects and...

Pope: UEP has done 'remarkable things'.(Special Report: Profile)(United Egg Producers)(Interview)
March 12, 2007... HE recalled that his first several years at the United Egg Producers (UEP) were like "the Wild West," with UEP representing some 8,000 producers, each one with his own agenda, and board of directors meetings every month that would go until...

Hy-Line marks 70 years with 'products that run'.(Special Report: Company Profile)(--------------------------- Microsoft Internet Explorer --------------------------- Cannot find index --------------------------- OK --------------------------- )(Company overview)
March 12, 2007... THE forecasted growth in egg production worldwide--30-40% in the next 10 years--represents "a staggering opportunity" for companies involved in layer genetics, but responding to it will require a certain fleetness to anticipate the kind of...

Turn fats into jet fuel.(News)
March 12, 2007... NEW biofuels technology developed by North Carolina State University engineers has the potential to turn virtually any fat source--oils from vegetables, animal fat and even algae--into fuel to power jet airplanes. The technology, called...

Antibiotic issue still on pork industry radar.(Hog Industry INSIDER)
March 12, 2007... WITH ethanol and sow gestation stalls dominating the headlines, it may seem as if the issue of antibiotic use in the pork industry has fallen by the wayside, but federal legislation dealing with antibiotics in livestock has been introduced for...

Biofuels profitability slides.(biofuels BUZZ)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Profit margins in bioenergy are expected to deteriorate. This decline is the result of high feedstock prices and progressive elimination of unmet demand following a large expansion in capacity in renewable fuels, according to the Food &...

Ethanol down under.(biofuels BUZZ)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Plans are underway in Australia to convert more than 40% of its current 4 million metric ton export wheat pool into ethanol. Primary Energy Pty. Ltd. gained conditional approval from Australia's Environmental Protection Authority to build a...

AllThingsBiodiesel.com.(biofuels BUZZ)(www.biodiesel. org)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... The National Biodiesel Board (NBB) has launched a one-stop marketplace for biodiesel interests to do business over the internet. NBB launched the biodiesel commerce web site, AllThingsBiodiesel.com, at the National Biodiesel Conference & Expo....

Ethanol production, demand up.(biofuels BUZZ)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Production of ethanol in 2006 reached 4.86 billion gallons, an average of 317,000 barrels per day (b/d) or 13.3 million gallons per day, according to data released by the Energy Information Administration (EIA). This is an increase of 24.3%...

Genome research.(biofuels BUZZ)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Researchers at the University of Rochester have for the first time identified how genes responsible for biomass breakdown are turned on in a microorganism that produces valuable ethanol from materials like grass and cornstalks. Instead of using...

Adisseo set for future growth.(News)(Company overview)
March 12, 2007... ADISSEO, a world leader in nutritional additives and solutions used in animal feed, announced March 6 that it had acquired Rhodia's sulfur and regeneration products business unit, an initiative supporting the company's strategy to continue as a...

Brazil to press Bush on ethanol tariff.(News)
March 12, 2007... WHEN President George Bush visited Sao Paulo, Brazil, last Friday, his host, Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, was expected to ask him to cut the U.S. import tariff on ethanol. The U.S. biofuels industry benefits under current...

NCGA redefines farm bill plan.(The National Corn Growers Assn.)
March 12, 2007... THE National Corn Growers Assn. (NCGA) shed light on a new farm bill approach--one that got play in Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns' proposal--a revenue-based assurance program. Within the last several weeks, it has done more than...

BSE investigation near end.(bovine spongiform encephalopathy)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... THE Canadian Food Inspection Agency's (CFIA) said March 6 it is nearing the end of its investigation into Canada's latest case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The Ottawa, Ont.-based agency said "dental analysis, DNA testing and...

Nebraska to study truck lengths.(MILL MARKET)
March 12, 2007... NEBRASKA State Senator Carol Hudkins introduced a legislative resolution calling for review of the current federal restrictions in Nebraska prohibiting extending the length of combination vehicles, and to examine the feasibility for seeking a...

Ingredient market.(Statistical table)
March 12, 2007... INGREDIENT MARKET The following prices, which include delivery, were obtained March 7 from feed and grain vendors in the U.S. and Canada. The prices represent current trading values, but are not guaranteed. The second column shows...

Producers feeling corn's cost.(Livestock/Poultry)(Statistical data)
March 12, 2007... THE Corn Belt is becoming expensive, and livestock and poultry representatives told Congress last week that means higher costs of production that will be passed on to consumers in the form of higher meat, poultry and dairy prices. The Corn...

Dairy markets.(In 60 seconds)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Dairy markets: In the dairy markets last week, butter increased 2.5 cents from the week before to $1.325/lb. in cash trading at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) last Thursday, and barrel and block cheese increased 7.5 cents and 5 cents to...

Cheese situation.(In 60 seconds)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Cheese situation: Cheese sales are good in both foodservice and retail channels this year, with natural and processed cheese sales especially strong, which is supportive to barrels, according to Jerry Dryer, whose reports are available at...

Costs up.(In 60 seconds)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Costs up: Despite dairy product strength, the milk:feed price ratio was 2.32 in February as corn and soybean prices rise faster than milk prices, causing financial stress and prompting herd culls, Dryer said. The cull this year is 11% ahead of...

Foodservice.(In 60 seconds)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Foodservice: Foodservice sales were up 8.1% in 2006 over 2005, according to the National Restaurant Assn. Full-service restaurant sales were up 9.3%, and quick-service sales were up 8.0%.

Korea watch.(In 60 seconds)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Korea watch: South Korean and U.S. negotiators began five consecutive days of down-to-the-wire talks to try to wrap up a free trade agreement that would be the largest for the U.S. since the North American Free Trade Agreement. A Korea-U.S....

Up at night.(In 60 seconds)(Brief article)
March 12, 2007... Up at night: CME announced last week that all commodity futures--feeder and live cattle, lean hogs, pork bellies, butter, Class III milk, whey and fertilizer--will be sold virtually around the clock on its electronic Globex platform beginning...

NPPC officers.(In 60 seconds)(National Pork Producers Council)
March 12, 2007... NPPC officers: Jill Appell has been named president of the National Pork Producers Council (NPPC), acceding to the post at NPPC's annual business meeting March 1-3. Appell co-owns Appell's Pork Farms near Altona, Ill. Also selected were Bryan...

Grain stocks tight.(Grains/Ingredients)
March 12, 2007... THE U.S. Department of Agriculture made very few changes in last Friday's World Agricultural Supply & Demand Estimates, switching the focus to its much anticipated plantings and intentions report scheduled for release March 30. USDA made...

GM alfalfa dealt blow.(News)(genetically modified)
March 19, 2007... A FEDERAL judge halted sales of biotech alfalfa and planting after March 30, forcing producers to abandon planting Roundup Ready alfalfa until a final decision is made in April. The preliminary injunction ordered March 12 by Judge Charles...

Data flows improve on H5N1 gene sequences.(News)
March 19, 2007... VACCINE research needed to keep ahead of rapid mutations of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza is key to short-circuiting a human pandemic, and due to recent pressure from the global scientific community, there appears to be improved...

Schering-Plough to acquire Intervet.(News)
March 19, 2007... IN what could create--just barely, for now--the largest animal health entity, Schering-Plough Corp. announced last Monday that its board of directors has approved a transaction under which Schering-Plough will acquire Organon BioSciences N.V....

Micro Beef acquires CattleLog.(NewsWatch)
March 19, 2007... Micro Beef Technologies Ltd., a company specializing in animal management systems, announced last Thursday that it has acquired CattleLog from eMerge Interactive Inc., creating the beef industry's "most comprehensive offering" of management...

Europe requests animal cloning review.(NewsWatch)(Brief article)
March 19, 2007... The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) announced March 9 that it has received a request from the European Commission for an opinion on the possible implications of cloning for food safety, animal health, animal welfare and the environment in...

Report discusses biotech food animals.(NewsWatch)(Brief article)
March 19, 2007... Currently, there is no established venue where the impacts of ethical or moral concerns of cloned and genetically engineered food animals can be fully addressed, according to some of the experts who gathered at a workshop last October sponsored...

Soybean industry unveils 2020 Vision.(NewsWatch)(Brief article)
March 19, 2007... In an effort to remain ahead of the curve, the soybean checkoff and other leading groups and businesses in the soybean value chain announced the Soy 2020 visioning process. In March 2006, Monsanto approached the United Soybean Board to undergo...

Harry Bresky.(NewsWatch)(death of H. Harry Bresky)(Obituary)(Brief article)
March 19, 2007... Seaboard Corp. announced that H. Harry Bresky, chairman and member of the board, died March 11 in Boston, Mass. He was 81. A native of Boston, Bresky joined the milling business established by his father, Otto Bresky, after serving in World War...

Plant delay.(NewsWatch)(Brief article)
March 19, 2007... ContiGroup Companies Inc. and Smithfield Foods Inc. continued to delay groundbreaking for their joint venture beef plant in Hooker, Okla., last week, noting that the $200 million plant represents "a major undertaking" for which they are...

Merger schedule.(NewsWatch)(The Chicago Mercantile Exchange mergers with Chicago Board of Trade )(Brief article)
March 19, 2007... The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), which are scheduled to merge by midyear, announced last week that CBOT's electronic trading will migrate to CME's Globex electronic trading platform in the first quarter...

Biotech rice.(NewsWatch)(Ventria Bioscience )(Brief article)
March 19, 2007... Ventria Bioscience got the green light to begin large-scale planting in Kansas of biotech rice containing human genes to produce immune system proteins. The U.S. Department of Agriculture gave preliminary approval to the project that includes...

Animal ID back in focus.(Inside Washington)
March 19, 2007... LAST week, just as the spring wild bird migration began, Agriculture Secretary Mike Johann held a press briefing on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's preparedness for highly pathogenic avian influenza. Fortunately, it's a topic that...

Legislation to boost offshore aquaculture.(News)(National Offshore Aquaculture Act of 2007)
March 19, 2007... COMMERCE Secretary Carlos M. Gutierrez unveiled proposed federal legislation last week to promote safe and sustainable aquaculture in order to meet the growing demand for seafood, help the U.S. industry better compete and reduce the need for...

Alberta gets $40m to eliminate BSE.(News)(bovine spongiform encephalopathy)(Brief article)
March 19, 2007... THE governments of Canada and Alberta announced last Monday that they are investing nearly $40 million (Canadian) in Alberta's beef industry to help accelerate the elimination of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) from its cattle herds. ...

CRP exit to be minimal.(News)(Conservation Reserve Program)
March 19, 2007... DESPITE calls for acres to come out of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) to meet growing grain demand, only 4.6 million acres in CRP will exit the program between 2007 and 2010, according to the latest figures released by the U.S....

Big battle brewing over CWB vote.(News)(Canadian Wheat Board)
March 19, 2007... A LEADING opposition critic in Canada's Parliament told Feedstuffs March 1 that legislators could be in for a major battle later this year if the minority government wins its "tainted" plebiscite on whether or not the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB)...