The Engineer articles from May 2004

The Engineer archives from May 2004

Nuclear summer?(This Week)
May 14, 2004... WINDSCALE. To anyone older than about 30, the word is inextricably linked with the UK's often less-than-glorious nuclear heritage. The name has a power that will take decades to fade, even though the wider nuclear operation on our far north...

Crisis of cash confidence.(This Week)
May 14, 2004... NUCLEAR ENERGY is, of course, one solution to the vexing question of how to keep the lights on. As we report this week [Business, page 18], the electricity industry is becoming increasingly agitated about how to avoid the type of mass blackouts...

Pinhead with a brain.(This Week)
May 14, 2004... ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS from the University of Florida have installed a radio antenna one tenth of an inch long on a computer chip and demonstrated that it can send and receive signals. The development is a step towards building an 'ultra-small...

Countdown to space race.(This Week)
May 14, 2004... THE X-PRIZE, a $10m ([pounds sterling]5.6m) race to be the first private company to successfully put a craft into space twice in two weeks, will be secured within five months, according to prize chairman Peter Diamandis. Favourite to win the...

Flying leap for Euro aviation.(This Week)
May 14, 2004... THE AIRBUS A380, the world's largest commercial airliner, was unveiled publicly at Europe's biggest production line in Toulouse. The UK-built wings have yet to be attached, while the French and German fuselage and Spanish tail assembly were...

Double-helping chips top of the Intel menu.(This Week)
May 14, 2004... INTEL IS abandoning development of two new computer chips to allow it to focus on producing a more efficient 'super' chip ahead of schedule. The new chip will combine two microprocessors on a single piece of silicon, likened to putting two...

Phoenix rising European hopes of manned flight.(This Week)
May 14, 2004... AN UNMANNED prototype of the European space shuttle successfully landed this weekend after gliding from an altitude of 7,900ft. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The EADS Phoenix, a German-designed prototype, was dropped by helicopter and then...

X-ray vision goes digital in A & E.(This Week)
May 14, 2004... UK HOSPITALS will receive new X-ray technology designed to speed up diagnosis and treatment as part of the government's [pounds sterling]6bn NHS IT programme. The Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) will allow staff to view...

Muscling in on shoe design.(This Week)
May 14, 2004... ADIDAS has unveiled a running shoe that continuously adjusts its cushioning level to suit the terrain. Three years in development, the shoe automatically adjusts itself using a sensor and magnet. The sensor is fitted below the heel and the...

Making little of battery power.(This Week)
May 14, 2004... CASIO has developed the world's smallest fuel cell for use in laptop computers and aims to launch it in 2007. The polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been miniaturised to almost the same size as a conventional lithium ion battery, but with a...

Watching brief: ultra-wideband technology keeps track of people and equipment indoors to within 6in.(News)
May 14, 2004... UK-DEVELOPED sensor technology designed to track the indoor movements of people and objects with pinpoint accuracy has made its commercial debut at universities here and in the US. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Cambridge and Illinois...

Moving up a gear: Antonov aims automatic dual clutch box at larger vehicles.(News)
May 14, 2004... ANTONOV, the company developing new car transmission technology, has unveiled plans to launch a gearbox for larger vehicles. The new automatic gearbox, to be called the Dual Clutch Antonov (DCA) will be aimed at cars larger than 2 litres...

Tightening the net: UK device to be used in Iraq to counter vehicle terrorism.(News)
May 14, 2004... THE X-NET, a UK-built device capable of bringing suspect cars to a complete halt, is to be deployed in Iraq following successful use by the US Marine Corps in Haiti. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] As The Engineer exclusively revealed last year...

Weight watchers: joint UK-Israeli R & D project receives [pounds sterling]2m of Euro funding to make lighter, safer car chassis.(News)
May 14, 2004... ONE OF THE UK'S oldest established car makers is to collaborate in a pioneering R & D project to make a lightweight car chassis from extruded magnesium sections. AC Cars and Alubin of Israel have won [euro]3.1m ([pounds sterling]2m) of...

Quantum theory: US experiments with designer atom transistors brings supercomputers a step closer.(News)
May 14, 2004... QUANTUM COMPUTERS using components manufactured from 'designer' atoms are a step closer to reality thanks to experiments conducted in the US. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Transistors are usually made from regular semiconductors. But...

How researchers tied carbon nanotubes in knots.(News)
May 14, 2004... NANO-TWEEZERS capable of manipulating materials molecule-by-molecule, paving the way for nano-robots, have been developed in Sweden. The invention is a new system of carbon nanotube self-assembly--the series of chemical reactions that...

Rapid response agents: joint research programme to develop automated disaster relief system.(News)
May 14, 2004... AN AUTOMATED DISASTER response system that can assess emergencies and decide how best to deploy rescue services is being developed in a research partnership between BAE Systems and Southampton University. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The...

Warning shot: bomb and chemical-detecting adhesive pellet is set for use in Iraq.(News)
May 14, 2004... A STICKY PELLET fitted with chemical sensors could be used as a bomb-detection device in Iraq, according to US military giant Lockheed Martin. The pellet, which can be fired from a simple paintball gun and sticks to virtually any surface,...

Flying on a wing and a flipper.(News)
May 14, 2004... IN WHAT MUST surely rank as one of the more bizarre examples of nature influencing engineering design, US researchers this week claimed that the nobbly flippers of the humpback whale could inspire massive improvements in aircraft wing...

Blowing away the national grid: Norwegian island to have its electricity supplied totally from 'clean' sources.(News)
May 14, 2004... TEN HOMES are to be cut off from their electricity grid for more than two years in an experiment aiming to bring clean power to remote communities throughout the world. The houses in the tiny windswept Norwegian island of Utsira will have...

Electrolysis could be the way to viable solar power.(News)
May 14, 2004... A NEW METHOD for manufacturing solar cells could halve the cost of converting the sun's rays to electricity, its UK developers claimed this week. The technique, under investigation at the University of Bath, is based on the use of...

The bright stuff: Dutch research could mean brighter, more efficient lights for homes and mobile phone screens.(News)
May 14, 2004... A NEW GENERATION of brighter, lighter and more efficient domestic lights, TV screens and mobile phone displays could be ushered in thanks to research carried out in the Netherlands by Philips. Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) are...

Qinetiq production plan fosters sensor teamwork.(News)
May 14, 2004... QINETIQ is to work with Tronic's Microsystems to develop and produce new micro electro-mechanical systems, or MEMs, for automotive and military applications. The companies have signed an agreement that will allow them to design, develop...

Power to the pylons: blackout warning as ABB turns up the heat on governments to invest in old national networks.(Business)
May 14, 2004... THE WORLD'S big power engineering groups are turning up the pressure on governments to encourage investment in creaking national electricity grids or face more wide-scale blackouts. ABB, the Zurich-based power technology giant, said grid...

Learrnn-ing curve for BAE Systems: first technology emerges from BAE-Celoxica partnership.(Business)
May 14, 2004... BAE SYSTEMS said the first results of its technology partnership with electronic design specialist Celoxica will emerge next month in the biometrics and image-processing sectors. The UK defence giant and Celoxica will demonstrate new automatic...

Surface Transforms extends portfolio with MoD contract.(The Week in Business)
May 14, 2004... Surface Transforms has signed a contract with the MoD to develop its carbon fibre-reinforced ceramic (CFRC) materials for use in body and vehicle armour. The MoD has asked the Cheshire-based materials technology group to research the ability of...

Stock market flotation for biofuels.(The Week in Business)
May 14, 2004... Biofuels Corporation, the company that hopes to build Europe's biggest biodiesel plant in north-east England, is planning to raise [pounds sterling]14m by floating on the stock market. Biofuels has licensed processing technology from Australia...

Antenova extends its range with first mobile phone contract.(The Week in Business)
May 14, 2004... Cambridge antenna technology firm Antenova has secured its first major contract with a mobile phone manufacturer. Antenova, which is commercialising a system that it claims can boost the performance and reduce the power consumption of mobile...

ETB gets cash injection to make prototypes of its solid-state gyro.(The Week in Business)
May 14, 2004... European Technology for Business (ETB), a Hertfordshire-based microsystem design house, has secured a [pounds sterling]250,000 investment boost for its development of a new solid-state gyro. ETB will use the cash, secured from an unnamed...

TT Electronics on a roll with its third UK wind farm.(The Week in Business)
May 14, 2004... Engineering group TT Electronics has bagged a [pounds sterling]4.2m contract for work on the Kentish Flats wind farm, to be sited off the coast of north Kent near Whitstable. The deal is the third UK wind farm contract secured by TT...

Driving by the seat of your pants: auto-engineers are developing car seat sensors to 'nudge' people to take the right turns rather than relying on complicated visual satellite navigation controls.(Comment)
May 14, 2004... DO NOT READ this. Stop right now. Put it away. But, hey, it's not that easy, is it? Humans crave information. We want to know what's round the next bend--or in the next paragraph--so we lap it up and suffer information overload. And that can...

EU safety laws OTT.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
May 14, 2004... Isn't the EU using a sledge-hammer to crack a nut with its new pedestrian safety regulations? (Feature and News, 30 April). Surely it is better to tackle prevention rather than finding a cure--preventing an accident at 40kph instead of...

Tilt at three-wheelers.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
May 14, 2004... I read your coverage of the three-wheeled tilting CLEVER vehicle (News and Leader, 16 April) with great interest, and enjoyed the readers' reaction it prompted (Talking Point, 30 April). But an arguably simpler solution to three-wheelers is...

No riding roughshod.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
May 14, 2004... I would like to allay Keith Withenshaw's concerns regarding my plans for a radical reform of the UK's railways (Letters, 16 April). The whole network of closed lines can be restored for about the cost of two years' road building, without...

Animal tragic.(Talking Point)
May 14, 2004... In reply to Christopher Sell's Patent of the Week column about thieving squirrels (Problem Page, 30 April) I can certainly see the benefit of the electrical device to dissuade buck-toothed, bushy-tailed rodents with a talent for scaling bird...

Chasing stars.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
May 14, 2004... I read what Starchaser Industries boss Steve Bennett had to say about his company's UK entry in the X-Prize with a mixture of admiration and incredulity (Interview, 30 April). But the fact of the matter is that Mr Bennett, however well...

Cheers for Boeing.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
May 14, 2004... The debate between Boeing and Airbus (Business, 30 April) about whether more, smaller aircraft or vast 'superjumbos' are the future of air travel is an interesting one. It will ultimately decide whether we get to travel from our local...

Getting to the core issue: the decommissioning of the fateful Windscale reactor at Sellafield may not be as hazardous a task as experts have always believed.(Windscale)
May 14, 2004... 'THERE'S A JOKE that's going around Sellafield,' says Paul Worthington. 'If anything happens outside all we have to do is come in here.' [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] 'Here' is a decontaminated ante-chamber within the 2m-thick concrete...

In the driver's seat: as launch head of the UK's first Automotive Academy Dr Nick Barter is charged with honing the skills of the next generation to enter the automotive industry.(Interview)
May 14, 2004... EVERY NEWS report about the UK's dire skills shortage compared to Germany or Japan is guaranteed to set alarm bells ringing in the automotive industry. Dr Nick Barter hopes the seeds he is sowing now can calm those fears in years to come. ...

Worth the weight: the use of titanium suspension springs to save weight and improve performance reaches new heights on Ferrari's Challenge Stradale.(Mechanical Components)
May 14, 2004... AT [pounds sterling]34,000 the Ferrari Challenge Stradale, a street-legal racing car, may be out of most drivers' price range--but it is technically the world's first production vehicle to feature titanium springs on all four corners of its...

Shaping the future: the design of a plasma vessel for a nuclear fusion reactor represents a peculiar set of design challenges. Jon Excell reports.(Sensor Systems)
May 14, 2004... WHEN COMPLETE, the Wendelstein 7X will be the largest nuclear fusion reactor of its kind in the world. Its developers hope that once up and running it will take us closer than ever before towards the fusion scientists' dream of a clean and...

Crane reaction: an intelligent control system devised as part of an EU project could revitalise European manufacturers' ageing armies of overhead cranes. Christopher Sell reports.(Drives and Controls)
May 14, 2004... OVERHEAD travelling cranes, the stalwarts of many large manufacturing operations, have remained pretty much unchanged for the last century. However, with around half of these estimated to be nearing the end of their useful lives, and investment...

The meaning of lifecycle: PLM was invented by IBM/Dassault in 2000, yet some vendors claim to have been in the business for the last eight years. Charles Clarke tidies up the definition of this problematic acronym.(Software)
May 14, 2004... THE CAD INDUSTRY is so keen on marketing mantras that most sane engineers reckon CAD marketing people come from a different planet, or at the very least inhabit a parallel universe. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Back in the 1980s the mantra...

Parts time solution: a Google-style software tool that searches for 3D shapes rather than words could soon help reduce the design process by months. Richard Fisher reports.(Software)
May 14, 2004... LIKE LOST SOCKS in a washing machine, CAD-designed parts often disappear into the ether after they are entered into a company library. As staff change, file names are inevitably forgotten. So while the database may grow, the knowledge is...

Update.
May 14, 2004... For more information on any of the products listed below, go to www.theengineer.co.uk/info and enter the enquiry number SUBJECT DESCRIPTION CONTACT ENQUIRY NO Sensors The new labfacility ...

Flying the flag: two exhibitions in one covers UK engineering and construction disciplines for skilled professionals and graduates. Christopher Sell reports.(The Engineer Careers)
May 14, 2004... WEMBLEY ARENA plays host to the National Engineering Recruitment Exhibition (NER) and The National Construction Recruitment Exhibition (NCR)--the UK's leading engineering recruitment event--today and tomorrow. The show, which covers...

Brain Teaser.(ProblemPage)
May 14, 2004... The hands of a clock are aligned with each other at 12 o'clock. At what time precisely are they next aligned? Solution next issue. Sent in by John Jowett, Smiths Aerospace Components, Burnley, who wins a pair of tickets to London's...

You could win a family trip of rare vintage.(ProblemPage)
May 14, 2004... Haynes International Motor Museum in Somerset is the largest motor museum in Britain, and includes over 300 cars and 80 motorcycles, ranging from vintage classics to modern supercars. Vehicles on display include a Jaguar XJ220, Auburn...

Blues blocker.(Tech Need Challenge)
May 14, 2004... A European company is looking for an optical filter, or a dye that could be used to produce a filter capable of shielding out everything except blue light. The filter must be able to transmit more than 75 per cent of blue light with a...

Air of expectancy.(Tech Need Challenge)
May 14, 2004... Air conditioning technnology that is both cheaper and quieter than conventional solutions is sought for the middle eastern domestic market. www.yet2.com/demag/237

It's a gas.(Tech Need Challenge)
May 14, 2004... This company is seeking a method of measuring Hydrogen Peroxide gas concentration with a sampling rate of at least 10/sec. The technology is designed for use in machines intended for the food Industry where it is hoped it will reduce the...

Word of mouth.(Tech Need Challenge)
May 14, 2004... A European firm is looking for a Cyclodextrin coating for the control of mouth amylase activity. The technology is wanted for the oral hygiene industry. www.yet2.com/demag/234

Better boilers.(Tech Need Challenge)
May 14, 2004... An Asian company seeks a process to manufacture good quality fuel efficiency enhancing products for industrial boilers and furnaces Needed within the next three months, the process must be able to produce components that work with a range...

Anti-corrosion coating.(Tech Need Challenge)
May 14, 2004... A high-performance anti-corrosion coating for aluminium alloys that doesn't contain hexavalent chromium is sought by an Asian company for use in the surface coating industry. www.yet2.com/demag/236

Angling for a phone call.(Patent of the Week)
May 14, 2004... Congratulations to Shimada Kenji of NTT who has seemingly achieved the impossible by making fishing--already the world's most relaxing and least taxing pastime [and some might say most useless branch of sport, bar coma-inducing darts]--even...

The delayed and the betrayed.(ThisWeek)
May 28, 2004... IT IS probably fair to assume that the view the average American takes of his country has undergone some degree of change in recent times. The old certainties and justifications will have suffered a shaking; and expectations for the future...

Keeping an eye in blind spots.(ThisWeek)
May 28, 2004... THE Volvo S60, V70 and XC70, launched at this week's British Motor Show, will feature a blind spot warning system capable of distinguishing between vehicles and other objects using a specially-developed image library. The Blind Spot Information...

Shuttle debris on 'study loan'.(ThisWeek)
May 28, 2004... THE FIRST pieces of debris from the shuttle Columbia to be loaned to a non-governmental organisation are to be tested at the Aerospace Corporation in EI Segundo in California. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Researchers believe the testing will...

Tester passes the acid test.(ThisWeek)
May 28, 2004... A LOW-COST, safe soil tester (SST) for inexpensive diagnostic soil screening has been developed in a European project. The SST, the work of a multinational team including the UK's Crown Bio Systems, is designed to allow abandoned brownfield...

Best of UK talent lines up for MacRoboert Award.(ThisWeek)
May 28, 2004... THE FINALISTS for this year's [pounds sterling]50,000 Royal Academy of Engineering MacRobert Award, the UK's biggest innovation prize, are Sharp Laboratories, Delphi Diesel Systems, IBM UK and Pilkington. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Sharp...

Astronomers get more scope.(ThisWeek)
May 28, 2004... WORK began this week to connect five radio telescopes to the 76m Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank Observatory using an optical fibre network, allowing it to operate with vastly improved sensitivity. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The e-Merlin...

No lift-off for overweight JSF.(ThisWeek)
May 28, 2004... A [pounds sterling]5BN PROJECT to equip the Royal Navy and Royal Air Force with one of the world's most advanced fighter jets is facing delays and extra costs of up to [pounds sterling]60m because it is too heavy to land safely. ...

Wireless spy comes to town.(ThisWeek)
May 28, 2004... WESTMINSTER City Council is to install wireless CCTV cameras in a pilot scheme to improve crime monitoring in London. Five cameras equipped with wireless LAN devices will be installed in Soho Square to provide blanket coverage of the area,...

A smarter set of wheels.(ThisWeek)
May 28, 2004... COMPUTING researchers at the University of Essex have been awarded a grant to develop an intelligent robotic wheelchair. Working with researchers from the Institute of Automation in Beijing, the team will develop a RoboChair with increased...

Beagle dogged by neglect: Prof Colin Pillinger's team was let down by ESA's focus on the Mars Express.(News)
May 28, 2004... THE EUROPEAN Space Agency neglected Beagle 2 and failed to take the team seriously, engineers associated with the project have claimed. ESA mismanagement left the Beagle team to make decisions without sufficient guidance or control, while...

Fire fighter: domestic sprinkler systems should be made affordable.(News)
May 28, 2004... THE GOVERNMENT wants fire safety engineers to design a low-cost sprinkler system that could be fitted in millions of ordinary homes. Whitehall fire officials hope an effective system can be developed at a cheap enough price to tempt...

Under pressure: the variable compression engine moves nearer to reality with a Prodrive concept gearbox.(News)
May 28, 2004... AUTOMOTIVE technology specialist Prodrive has thrown its weight behind a variable compression ratio engine concept that could improve fuel economy by 30-40 per cent. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Prodrive exhibited details of its evaluation...

Rally round: the latest discovery will have a smart electronic system with off-road settings.(News)
May 28, 2004... LAND ROVER'S new Terrain Response system endows even the novice driver with the off-road ability of a seasoned professional, the car maker has claimed. The patented smart electronic system goes into production in the new Discovery 3, which...

Skin diving: dolphins could help ships go faster.(News)
May 28, 2004... A LITTLE-KNOWN quirk of the anatomy of dolphins could provide the key to faster, more efficient ships and submarines, according to Japanese researchers. Studying the way the marine mammals seem to 'fly' through the water, Prof Yoshimichi...

ITER in jeopardy: delay any longer over the siting of the fusion reactor and it will never happen, warn experts.(News)
May 28, 2004... EUROPE'S FUSION researchers have 'deplored' the continued delay in deciding where to build the world's first commercial-scale reactor, and warned that the deadlock poses a serious risk to the future of the project, The Engineer can reveal. ...

Back on track: steering system could speed the adoption of guided buses in UK.(News)
May 28, 2004... A STEERING system for use on guided buses or rubber-tyred trams, which incorporates an automatic safety mechanism, could speed the adoption of the vehicles in UK towns and cities. The Safeguide system senses low-voltage signals generated by...

EU calls for 'sharp' increase in nano funding.(News)
May 28, 2004... THE EU must increase funding into nanotechnology research so that Europe can regain its former leading position in the growing and increasingly lucrative sector, says the European Commission. A Commission policy paper, 'Towards a European...

State-of-the-heart spacesuit: ESA astronauts are set to benefit from a suit to monitor their health continuously in space.(News)
May 28, 2004... THE EUROPEAN Space Agency is hoping to develop a flexible suit capable of continuously monitoring the health of its astronauts without hampering their work. The Star-suit will be developed in a second Star Tiger project to be carried out in...

Call for satellite imaging for developing countries.(News)
May 28, 2004... DEVELOPING COUNTRIES need better access to space technology to help manage their natural resources and prevent disasters, an international conference has been warned. Speakers at the recent regional workshop on the use of space technology...

Torotrak puts a new spin on IVT: infinitely variable transmission technology is to be targeted at new markets such as hybrids.(Business)
May 28, 2004... TRANSMISSION technology group Torotrak is to step up its R & D work with developers of hybrid car engines in a bid to position itself as the gearbox of choice for the emerging sector. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Lancashire-based Torotrak...

GKN open to offers on AgustaWestland: the UK engineering group told shareholders it plans to sell off its helicopter arm.(Business)
May 28, 2004... GKN COULD be poised to sell its stake in helicopter company AgustaWestland to its Italian partner in the business. The UK engineering group told shareholders at its annual general meeting that it is in negotiations to sell its 50 per cent...

Ringing endorsement: Ringprop clinches deal for its safer propeller.(Business)
May 28, 2004... RINGPROP, the UK engineering company developing safer marine propellers, signed up its first major OEM when Honda Australia agreed to distribute its product. Honda becomes the first big supplier to the boat industry to stock Ringprop's device,...

Robust start to year for Tomkins despite squeeze by weak US dollar.(The Week in Business)
May 28, 2004... Tomkins, the engineering and automotive components group, saw its profits hit by the weak US dollar but claimed it had otherwise made a robust start to the year. Tomkins' first-quarter pre-tax profits fell 11 per cent to [pounds sterling]54m as...

Invensys looks forward to normal times after a year of turmoil.(The Week in Business)
May 28, 2004... Invensys said it hopes to begin operating as a 'normal company' after a year of financial turmoil and major restructuring. The automation and controls group, which has just completed a [pounds sterling]2.7bn refinancing exercise to stave off...

IP2IPO buys stake in materials technology spin-out company Ilika.(The Week in Business)
May 28, 2004... IP21PO, a specialist in commercialising university intellectual property, has invested in materials technology developed at Southampton University. The investment group has taken a 29 per cent stake in Southampton spin-out Ilika, which is...

Generics' outlook improves with trimmed costs and rise in turnover.(The Week in Business)
May 28, 2004... Technology development group Generics hopes it has turned the corner after announcing a big increase in sales and slashing [pounds sterling]1m from its costs. The Cambridge company boosted its turnover by a quarter to [pounds sterling]4.1m in...

Imagination continues to soar as sales climb by 60 per cent.(The Week in Business)
May 28, 2004... Imagination Technologies, the Hertfordshire-based silicon IP specialist, enjoyed another year of rapid growth. The company's annual results showed sales up 60 per cent to [pounds sterling]31m and a sharply reduced pre-tax loss. Imagination,...

Fusion should put its energy into oil: the energy industry is facing a crossroads. The future is fusion, suggests Dr William Nuttall, but funding must come from private money--and where better to go than to the major oil companies.(Comment)
May 28, 2004... CRUDE OIL prices are on the rise. Stability in the Middle East is eroding. There are fears that energy policy may be heading towards a situation not unlike the (literally) dark days of the early 1970s. Back then nuclear power implied a reliable...

PLM points.(Letters)(Letter to the Editor)
May 28, 2004... I read Charles Clarke's article on the 'invention of PLM' ('The meaning of lifecycle', Design Engineering, 14 May) with great interest. However, IBM/Dassault neither invented nor coined the term PLM. The usage of the wording Product Lifecycle...