Drug Week articles from April 2009

Drug Week archives from April 2009

Hyperbaric treatment for autism reports significant clinical improvements.
April 3, 2009... Hyperbaric treatment for children with autism has reportedly led to improvements in the condition, though previous studies were uncontrolled. Now, a new study published in the open access journal, BMC Pediatrics, is the first controlled trial...

Stun guns may cause seizures.
April 3, 2009... Stun guns, in certain circumstances, may result in brain-specific complications such as seizures, according to a new case report published in CMAJ http://www.cmaj.ca/press/pg625.pdf (see also Canadian Medical Association Journal). An...

New investigational treatment for bladder cancer, identified with Columbia-developed research model.(Report)
April 3, 2009... A team of researchers, led by Columbia University Medical Center faculty, has identified a new investigational therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer. The discovery was made using a new research model, using mice, which replicates many...

Chantix side effects no worse with depression history.
April 3, 2009... People with a likely history of depression who take varenicline (Chantix[R]) do not report more severe mood symptoms, medication side effects, or less success quitting smoking compared to people with no history of depression taking this drug...

Drug being used to improve cognition affects dopamine, suggesting potential for abuse.
April 3, 2009... Preliminary research in healthy men suggests that the narcolepsy drug modafinil, increasingly being used to enhance cognitive abilities, affects the activity of dopamine in the brain in a way that may create the potential for abuse and...

New findings from C. Beardsley and co-authors in the area of clinical medicine published.
April 3, 2009... According to recent research from London, the United Kingdom, "Healthcare chaplaincy research seems further advanced in the USA. Here a US patient satisfaction with chaplaincy instrument (PSI-C-R) was used in a London NHS foundation hospital...

Reports outline clinical medicine study results from University of Birmingham.(Clinical report)
April 3, 2009... According to recent research from Birmingham, the United Kingdom, "Advances in medical genetics are increasingly impacting on clinical practice outside specialist genetic services. It is widely acknowledged that physicians will need to use...

Research on clinical medicine discussed by A.M. Lister and co-researchers.
April 3, 2009... "Humans are part of the biosphere and dependent upon it. The impact of climate change on 'ecosystem services' is therefore of extreme concern," scientists in London, the United Kingdom report (see also Clinical Medicine). "Many studies...

Researchers at Alexandra Hospital have published new data on clinical medicine.(Report)
April 3, 2009... "The decision to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) remains one of the most important and difficult decisions a physician must make. This study examined differences in CPR decision making among senior hospital clinicians," scientists...

Findings from A.M.M. Eijsbouts and co-authors provide new insights into clinical pharmacology.(Report)
April 3, 2009... "WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT center dot In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) the activity of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is decreased. WHAT THIS ADDS center dot It is not known how the frequent use of...

Scientists at Karolinska University release new data on clinical pharmacology.
April 3, 2009... According to a study from Huddinge, Sweden, "WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT center dot We have suggested that 4 beta-hydroxycholesterol may be used as an endogenous marker of CYP3A activity. center dot Recently, we found unexpectedly...

New pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis findings from Central South University described.
April 3, 2009... "An HPLC-photodiode array (PDA) detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of 12 components in Xiao-Yao-San-jia-Wei (XYSJW): geniposide, puerarin, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, liquiritin, hesperidin, naringin, paeonol,...

Reports on pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis findings from Zhejiang University provide new insights.
April 3, 2009... "A simple, sensitive and rapid LC/MS/MS method was developed for the quantification of lansoprazole in human plasma," scientists writing in the Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis report (see also Pharmaceutical and Biomedical...

Research in the area of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis reported from Tianjin University.
April 3, 2009... "A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) was developed for simultaneous determination of jujuboside A, B and betulinic acid in semen Ziziphi spinosae. The analysis...

Research results from University of California update understanding of chromatography.
April 3, 2009... "An LC-MS/MS method for the determination of isoniazid in human plasma was developed and validated. Human plasma aliquots of 100 mu L were used for analysis," scientists in the United States report (see also Pharmaceutical and Biomedical...

Data on pharmacological sciences described by Y. Uchida et al.(Report)
April 3, 2009... According to a study from Shinjuku, Japan, "Choline is essential for synthesis of the major membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine. Moreover, it serves as a precursor for synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)." ...

Investigators at Kyoto University publish new data on pharmacological sciences.
April 3, 2009... "We investigated the effect of serofendic acid, a neuroprotective substance derived from fetal calf serum, on the morphological changes in cultured cortical astrocytes. Cultured astrocytes developed a stellate morphology with several processes...

New pharmacological sciences findings from Hokkaido University described.(Report)
April 3, 2009... "Accumulating evidence indicates a pivotal role for neuroinflammation in ischemic and excitotoxic brain injury. Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) is a CXC chemokine implicated in the infiltration of inflammatory cells into...

Researchers at Fukuoka University target pharmacological sciences.
April 3, 2009... "Arginine vasopressin (AVP) receptors have been classified into V1a, V1b, and V2 subtypes. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of AVP in anti-nociception and in morphine- induced anti-nociception," researchers in Fukuoka, Japan...

Researchers from University of Tokyo, Medical Department report recent findings in pharmacological sciences.
April 3, 2009... "Antinociceptive effects of systemically administered midazolam remain controversial. The present study was performed to investigate its antinociceptive effects oil different types of nociception in mice," investigators in Hongo, Japan report...

Scientists at Kyoto University target pharmacological sciences.
April 3, 2009... According to a study from Kyoto, Japan, "Arginine vasopressin (AVP) activates three vasopressin receptors and it also has an agonistic activity on the oxytocin receptor. For ail accurate description of the target receptor subtype(s) responsible...

Studies from Kyung-Hee University provide new data on pharmacological sciences.(Report)
April 3, 2009... "Gabapentin was developed as an anticonvulsant, but has also been used to alleviate hyperalgesia in neuropathic pain. In this study, the protective effect of gabapentin against N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced excitotoxicity in rat...

Studies in the area of pharmacological sciences reported from S. Kakusaka and co-researchers.
April 3, 2009... According to a study from Tokyo, Japan, "We recently reported that physiological concentrations of 17 beta-estradiol partially down-regulate cardiac rapidly-activating delayed rectifier K+ currents (hERG currents) independently of...

Research reports from Tel-Aviv University provide new insights into pharmacotherapy.
April 3, 2009... According to a study from Israel, "Inappropriate prescription drug (IPD) use is very common among older patients, However, its impact on medication continuity and adherence after hospitalization has not been researched, with little known...

Genetic risk factors identified for sudden cardiac death.
April 10, 2009... Building on these findings, the Helmholtz scientists and their clinical partners want to obtain further insights into the pathogenesic mechanisms of the disease and gain perspectives for early diagnosis and therapy. The results of the...

Vitamin D supplements associated with reduced fracture risk in older adults.
April 10, 2009... Oral vitamin D supplements at a dose of at least 400 international units per day are associated with a reduced risk of bone fractures in older adults, according to results of a meta-analysis published in the March 23 issue of Archives of...

Starve a yeast, sweeten its lifespan.
April 10, 2009... Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered a new energy-making biochemical twist in determining the lifespan of yeast cells, one so valuable to longevity that it is likely to also functions in humans (see also Johns Hopkins Medical...

Review of probiotic trial research finds only Bifantis able to claim efficacy for IBS symptoms.
April 10, 2009... A review by researchers at Northwestern University (Chicago, IL.) and University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI) of the utility of probiotics in the treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) found that Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 was the only...

Therapeutic hypothermia is promising strategy to minimize tissue damage.
April 10, 2009... Recognition of the benefits of cooling strategies to protect the brain and spinal cord after traumatic injury has led to a wealth of cutting edge research, prime examples of which are featured in a special hypothermia issue of Journal of...

Findings from University Medical Center provide new insights into clinical pharmacology.(Clinical report)
April 10, 2009... "After administration of metoprolol, plasma concentrations of the drug are markedly higher in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) than in non-PMs. In a prospective double-blind 3-month study, we investigated whether this translates into differences...

New clinical pharmacology data have been reported by S.K.F. Widnes and co-authors.
April 10, 2009... "To assess physicians' evaluation of quality, clinical impact and ranking of Norwegian drug information centres (DICs) with regard to drug use during pregnancy. Questionnaires were submitted consecutively to all physicians who consulted a...

New findings reported from A. Hausken and co-authors describe advances in clinical pharmacology.(Clinical report)
April 10, 2009... According to recent research from Oslo, Norway, "Drugs prescribed for the treatment of insomnia can be either benzodiazepine hypnotics or the newer z-hypnotics, zopiclone and zolpidem. This paper explores possible explanations for the choice...

Research reports on clinical pharmacology from University of Paris provide new insights.
April 10, 2009... "P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter that controls the intracellular concentrations of drugs. human development may modulate P-gp function. We investigated the effect of age on P-gp activity and MDR1 gene expression in lymphocytes,"...

Researchers at University of Oslo target clinical pharmacology.(Report)
April 10, 2009... According to recent research from Oslo, Norway, "In Norway, very little data are available on the relation between the total number of research projects on the clinical development of drugs that have been started, the number of these projects...

Studies from University of Cagliari provide new data on clinical pharmacology.
April 10, 2009... "To investigate changes in urinary PGE(2) after ibuprofen treatment in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Twenty preterm infants with a hemodynamically significant PDA (gestational age, 28.6 +/- 2.3 weeks) and 20 controls...

Data on ethnopharmacology described by researchers at Rhodes University.
April 10, 2009... According to a study from Grahamstown, South Africa, "Aim of the study: Sceletium plant species that contain alkaloids are claimed to have mood elevation and anti-anxiety properties. especially after the plant material has been fermented. The...

Research on ethnopharmacology reported by M.F. Candeias et al.
April 10, 2009... According to a study from Evora, Portugal, "Present study reports on the general bioactivity of strictosamide and on its effects on Na+,K+-ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase activities of Charles River male mouse. Strictosamide is the main glycoalkaloid of...

Researchers' work from University of Copenhagen focuses on ethnopharmacology.(Report)
April 10, 2009... "Aim of the study: This study investigated MAO-A inhibitory activity of methanol extract of Calluna vulgaris (L) Hull., which traditionally has been used as a nerve calming remedy. A methanolic extract of Calluna vulgaris was partitioned...

Investigators at University of Kentucky zero in on pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
April 10, 2009... According to a study from the United States, "A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method has been utilized for the quantitative determination of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine (COT) in human...

Recent findings in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis described by P. Turnpenny and colleagues.
April 10, 2009... "A sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method has been developed for stereoselective determination of reboxetine in rat plasma and brain homogenate (LLOQ, 50 pg/ml). The method optimised ionisation efficiency with an...

Reports outline pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis research from University of Belgrade.
April 10, 2009... "Acid-base equilibria in homogeneous and heterogeneous systems of two antihistaminics, loratadine and desloratadine were studied spectrophotometrically in Britton-Robinson's buffer at 25 degrees C. Acidity constant of loratadine was found to be...

Research on pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis reported by S. Fekete et al.
April 10, 2009... "The performance of 5 cm long columns packed with shell particles was compared to totally porous sub-2 mu m particles in gradient and isocratic elution separations of hormones (dienogest, finasteride, gestodene, levonorgestrel, estradiol,...

Researchers from Nanjing University, Medical Department describe findings in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
April 10, 2009... According to recent research from Nanjing, People's Republic of China, "Annonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) isolated from Annonaceae plants exhibited a broad range of biological bioactivities such as cytotoxic, antitumoral, antiparasitic, pesticidal...

Studies in the area of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis reported from G. Bedse and co-researchers.
April 10, 2009... According to a study from India, "Lamivudine was subjected to forced decomposition conditions of hydrolysis (neutral, acidic and alkaline), oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress, as suggested in the ICH guideline Q1A(R2). The drug showed...

Study findings from T.J.S. Raj et al provide new insights into pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
April 10, 2009... According to a study from Hyderabad, India, "Three process-related impurities were observed in routine monitoring of the samples by HPLC. These impurities were identified by LC-MS." "One of the impurities, Imp-3 [rizatriptan-2,5-dimer] was...

New findings from Drexel University describe advances in pharmaceutical research.
April 10, 2009... According to a study from the United States, "This work evaluated the feasibility of combining insulin PEGylation with pH responsive hydrogels for oral insulin delivery. A mono-substituted PEG-insulin conjugate was synthesized and purified."...

Reports outline pharmaceutical research from University of Kentucky.
April 10, 2009... According to a study from the United States, "To demonstrate remote controlled degradation of degradable nanocomposite hydrogels by application of an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Further, it was desired to study the AMF effect on the drug...

Reports outline panic disorder study results from National Institutes of Health.
April 10, 2009... According to recent research from the United States, "Classical fear-conditioning is central to many etiologic accounts of panic disorder (PD), but few lab-based conditioning studies in PD have been conducted. One conditioning perspective...

Researchers from University of Buenos Aires, Medical Department discuss findings in pharmacology.
April 10, 2009... "The possible inhibition of kinin B-1 receptor up-regulation by arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) was evaluated in isolated human umbilical vein. Anandamide and its metabolically stable analogue,...

Cognitive behavior therapy helps older adults with anxiety reduce worry, improve mental health.
April 24, 2009... Older adults with generalized anxiety disorder who received cognitive behavior therapy had greater improvement on measures of worry, depression and mental health than patients who received usual care, according to a study in the April 8 issue...

Compendium of pancreatic cancer biomarkers established as strategic approach to early detection.
April 24, 2009... A cancer scientist from Johns Hopkins has convinced an international group of colleagues to delay their race to find new cancer biomarkers and instead begin a 7,000-hour slog through a compendium of 50,000 scientific articles already published...

Gutsy germs succumb to baby broccoli.
April 24, 2009... A small, pilot study in 50 people in Japan suggests that eating two and a half ounces of broccoli sprouts daily for two months may confer some protection against a rampant stomach bug that causes gastritis, ulcers and even stomach cancer (see...

More intensive treatment not associated with better outcomes in early bladder cancer.
April 24, 2009... Patients with early bladder cancer who receive more intensive treatment within the first two years of diagnosis do not appear to have better survival than patients who receive less intensive treatment, according to a retrospective analysis...

Model tissue system reveals cellular communication via amino acids.
April 24, 2009... A team of researchers from the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Engineering in Medicine (MGH-CEM) has found the first evidence of cell-to-cell communication by amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, rather than by known protein...

Study data from C. Fabbri and co-authors update knowledge of biotherapy and radiopharmaceuticals.(Report)
April 24, 2009... "The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the activity quantification of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT-CT) Y-90-Bremsstrahlung images and to validate the S-voxel method. An anthropomorphic...

Investigators at Jilin University zero in on drug discovery and design.
April 24, 2009... "This article describes an in vitro investigation of the inhibition of cytochrome P450 (P450) 2C9 by a series of flavonoids made up of flavones (flavone, 6-hydroxyflavone, 7-hydroxyflavone, chrysin, baicalein, apigenin, luteolin, scutellarein,...

Reports outline drug discovery and design study findings from University of Missouri.
April 24, 2009... "Cytochrome P450 (P450) 2B6 metabolizes a number of clinically relevant drugs and is one of the most highly polymorphic human P450 enzymes, with the Lys(262)- > Arg substitution being especially common in several genetic variants. Therefore,...

Reports outline drug discovery and design study results from University of North Carolina.
April 24, 2009... According to a study from the United States, "P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays an important role in determining net brain uptake of fexofenadine. Initial in vivo experiments with 24-h subcutaneous osmotic minipump administration demonstrated that...

Studies from Sankyo Co., Ltd. in the area of drug discovery and design published.
April 24, 2009... "Mechanism-based inhibition of CYP2B6 in human liver microsomes by thienopyridine antiplatelet agents ticlopidine and clopidogrel and the thiolactone metabolites of those two agents plus that of prasugrel were investigated by determining the...

Study data from E. Audetwalsh and co-authors update knowledge of drug discovery and design.
April 24, 2009... According to recent research from Canada, "Hepatic cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes metabolize exogenous and endogenous compounds, and many are inducible by xenobiotics. Their synthesis is tightly regulated, particularly through nuclear...

Research from P. Thaina and colleagues provide new insights into ethnopharmacology.
April 24, 2009... According to recent research published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, "The effects and plausible mechanism of action of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. (Zingiberaceae) rhizome chloroform and methanol extracts on the uterine contraction were...

Data from University of Birmingham advance knowledge in neuropharmacology.(Report)
April 24, 2009... "Adenosine serves as a homeostatic factor, regulating hippocampal activity through A, receptor-mediated inhibition. Gamma frequency oscillations, associated with cognitive functions, emerge from increased network activity," scientists in...

Data on neuropharmacology described by researchers at University of Utrecht.
April 24, 2009... "Poor decision-making is inherent to several psychiatric conditions for which a genetic basis may exist. We previously showed that healthy female volunteers homozygous for the short allele (s/s) of the serotonin transporter length polymorphic...

Investigators at Medical University of Vienna zero in on neuropharmacology.
April 24, 2009... According to recent research published in the journal Neuropharmacology, "The dopamine transporter (DAT), a membrane protein specifically expressed by dopaminergic neurons and mediating the action of psychostimulants and dopaminergic...

Reports outline neuropharmacology research from S. Barrondo and colleagues.
April 24, 2009... According to a study from Vitoria, Spain, "5-HT1A receptors were studied via [H-3]WAY-100635 and [H-3]8-OH-DPAT binding to rat brain cortical membranes. We characterized the effect of zinc (Zn2+) on the binding properties of the 5-HT1A...

Research from S.W. Ying and co-authors provides new data about neuropharmacology.(Report)
April 24, 2009... "GABAergic neurons in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) synapse onto thalamocortical neurons in the ventrobasal (VB) thalamus, and this reticulo-thalamocortical pathway is considered an anatomic target for general anesthetic-induced...

Researchers' work from Columbia University focuses on neuropharmacology.
April 24, 2009... "Significant advances have been made in understanding the underlying defects of and developing potential treatments for Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common heritable mental retardation. It has been shown that neuronal metabotropic...

Studies from J. Buritova et al have provided new data on neuropharmacology.(Report)
April 24, 2009... According to a study from Castres, France, "Brain serotonin 5-HT1A receptor, a traditional target for the treatment of mood disorders, modulates intracellular signalling pathways, such as the Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2)...

Data on pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis discussed by researchers at Beckman Coulter, Inc.
April 24, 2009... According to recent research from the United States, "Excursions from storage condition requirements may affect product performance and stability. The effects of temperature excursion on stability depend on the amount of time that a product is...

New pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis study findings recently were reported by T.M. Chan and co-researchers.
April 24, 2009... According to recent research from the United States, "Investigation of unexpected levels of impurities in Intron product has revealed the presence of low levels of impurities leached from the silicone tubing (Rehau RAU-SIK) on the Bosch filling...

Research data from University of Bradford update understanding of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
April 24, 2009... "With increasing interest in hot melt extrusion for preparing polymer-drug systems, knowledge of the shear and extensional rheology of polymers is required for the formulation and process design. Shear and extensional rheology of three...

Research reports on pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis from R. Roskar and colleagues provide new insights.(Report)
April 24, 2009... According to a study from Slovenia, "Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are a group of active substances binding to an active site of ACE. Many authors who studied the structure activity relationship suggested the structural...

Researchers from Food & Drug Administration publish new studies and findings in the area of microbiology.
April 24, 2009... According to recent research from the United States, "We have developed an easy-to-use multiplatform classification tool, ClassRHO, which facilitates classification and comparison of bacterial Rieske non-heme iron aromatic ring-hydroxylating...

Researchers from University of Porto detail findings in pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.(Report)
April 24, 2009... According to recent research from Oporto, Portugal, "A major requirement to perform structural studies with membrane proteins is not only to define efficient reconstitution protocols, that assure a high incorporation degree in preformed...

Scientists at Cairo University release new data on pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.
April 24, 2009... "Clopidogrel bisulphate, an anti-platelet drug, has been separated from its impurities, namely impurity A, B and C by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) using uncoated fused-silica capillary (50.0 mu m internal diameter, 31.2 cm total...

Scientists at Medical University of Warsaw target pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.(Report)
April 24, 2009... According to recent research published in the Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, "This Study presents TLC, HPLC-DAD and HPLC-FT-IR analyses concerning the detection, identification and determination of organic impurities of...

Study data from Z. Nemet and colleagues update understanding of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.(Report)
April 24, 2009... "X-ray powder diffractometric and Raman spectrometric methods were developed for quantitative measurement of the polymorphic forms of famotidine in their mixtures. This study aims to deduce some useful conclusions regarding quantitative...

Reports outline pharmaceutical research study findings from H.Y. Pang and colleagues.(Report)
April 24, 2009... According to recent research from Beijing, People's Republic of China, "The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the squamosamide derivative FLZ...

Researchers at Third Military Medical University, Medical Department publish new data on pharmaceutical research.(Report)
April 24, 2009... "The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative contributions of the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebellum to the acquisition of unilateral classical eyeblink conditioning (EBCC). The unilateral EBCC was achieved using a binaural tone...

Researchers from Wroclaw University detail findings in pharmaceutical research.
April 24, 2009... According to a study from Wroclaw, Poland, "The cytotoxicity of marcaine was estimated in combination with a calcium channel blocker. In addition, the influence of marcaine and marcaine plus lekoptin on a model system using the H9C2 cardiac...

Reports from University of the Basque Country, Medical Department add new data to research in pharmacology.
April 24, 2009... According to recent research from Spain, "Locus coeruleus (LC) neurons respond to sensory stimuli with a glutamate-triggered burst of spikes followed by an inhibition. The aim of our work was to characterize the inhibitory effect of glutamate...

Findings from U. Muhlhausen et al in radiopharmaceuticals reported.
April 24, 2009... "In some psychiatric disorders 5-HT2A receptors play an important role. In order to investigate those in vivo there is an increasing interest in obtaining a metabolically stable, subtype selective and high affinity radioligand for receptor...

New radiopharmaceuticals study results reported from K.M. Elazony et al.
April 24, 2009... According to recent research from Cairo, Egypt, "A procedure for radioiodination of colchicine with iodine-125 is carried out via an electrophilic substitution reaction. The reaction parameters studied were colchicine concentration, pH of the...

Recent findings in radiopharmaceuticals described by researchers from Chonnam National University.
April 24, 2009... "This report describes an efficient method of synthesizing [guanido-C-13]-gamma-hydroxyarginine HCl salt," scientists writing in the Journal of Labelled Compounds & Radiopharmaceuticals report (see also Radiopharmaceuticals). ...