Blood Weekly articles from April 2009

Blood Weekly archives from April 2009

First-in-class compound proves safe, tolerable in preventing blood clots.
April 2, 2009... A new drug derived from magnolia trees appears to be able to uncouple two important functions of thrombin in blood clot formation and may offer a way to better control the potentially dangerous complications of bleeding and clot formation...

Researchers from Wayne State University publish findings in antibiotics.
April 2, 2009... "Sophorolipids (SLs), glycolipids produced by yeasts, have been reported to have immunomodulating activity and to reduce the mortality rate in animal models of sepsis. In the present study, the antibacterial activities of SLs and several...

Task Force Recommends Using Aspirin to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease When the Benefits Outweigh the Harms.
April 2, 2009... Patients and clinicians should consider risk factors -- including age, gender, diabetes, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, smoking and risk of gastrointestinal bleeding -- before deciding whether to use aspirin to prevent heart attacks or...

Adult Stem Cell Study Demonstrates Improved Quality of Life for Patients Suffering from Spinal Cord Injury.
April 2, 2009... DaVinci Biosciences announced the publication of study results demonstrating the safety and feasibility of its acute and chronic spinal cord injury therapy platform in issue 17(12) of Cell Transplantation, a peer-reviewed journal focused on...

New dengue fever study findings have been published by N. Kanakaratne and colleagues.
April 2, 2009... "Recent emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in the Indian subcontinent has been well documented in Sri Lanka. We compare recent (2003-2006) and past (1980-1997) dengue surveillance data for Sri Lanka," investigators in Colombo, Sri Lanka...

Scientists at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital discuss research in endotoxemia.
April 2, 2009... "Endotoxemia usually causes significant morbidity and mortality, and treatment of endotoxemia is often ineffective. The effects of tetrandrine (a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia were investigated...

Reports from McMaster University add new data to research in enzyme research.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from Hamilton, Canada, "Quebec platelet disorder (QPD) is an inherited bleeding disorder associated with increased urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in platelets but not in plasma, intraplatelet plasmin...

New fujimoto disease research reported from L. Gionanlis and co-authors.
April 2, 2009... According to a study from Thessaloniki, Greece, "Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a benign and self-limited disease of unknown etiology that affects mainly young women. It presents with localized lymphadenopathy, usually cervical, accompanied...

Study data from Vita-Salute University update understanding of hemophilia b.
April 2, 2009... In this recent article published in the Journal of Endovascular Therapy, scientists in Milan, Italy conducted a study "To report a case of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in a patient with severe hemophilia B. Case report. A 63-year-old...

Data on hemorrhage published by researchers at Erasmus University.
April 2, 2009... According to a study from Rotterdam, Netherlands, "Hyperlactatemia and its reduction after admission in the intensive care unit (ICU) have been related to survival. Because it is unknown whether this equally applies to different groups of...

New inflammation study findings recently were published by researchers at Yokohama City University, Medical Department.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "Kurahashi K, Sawa T, Ota M, Kajikawa O, Hong K, Martin TR, Wiener-Kronish JP. Depletion of phagocytes in the reticuloendothelial system causes increased inflammation and mortality in rabbits with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia," scientists...

Studies from University of Louisville in the area of kidney cancer published.(Report)
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from the United States, "In 2005, a phase III trial demonstrated a significant increase in progression-free survival in patients with renal cell cancer (RCC) treated with sorafenib versus placebo. While awaiting the...

Findings in life sciences reported from University of Maryland.(Report)
April 2, 2009... According to a study from the United States, "The adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to platelets is a critical first step in endovascular infection. S. aureus is known to form biofilms and detached cells are likely responsible for initiating...

Reports from Wake Forest University, Medical Department describe recent advances in life sciences.
April 2, 2009... "A rapid (similar to 90 sec), fully automated method is described for quantifying hemoglobin S (HbS) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using the Bio-Rad Variant II Turbo analyzer. Although this instrument is designed to quantify...

Reports outline life sciences study results from Washington University.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from the United States, "Prompt diagnosis of aortoenteric fistulas is imperative for patient survival. The clinical signs of aortoenteric fistula include hematemesis, melena, sepsis, and abdominal pain, but the...

Research reports on life sciences from University of Yamanashi provide new insights.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research published in the journal Bone Marrow Transplantation, "The Fc gamma receptor IIIb (Fc gamma RIIIb), a receptor for the Fc gamma region of IgG, is specifically expressed on neutrophils. It has two allelic...

New liver failure research from J.A. Leithead et al outlined.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "Although renal dysfunction is a common complication of acute liver failure (ALF) with significant prognostic implications, the pathophysiological mechanisms remain unclear. The current hypothesis suggests that the renal dysfunction may mirror...

Researchers at Gifu University target lymphadenopathy.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "The diagnosis of lymphadenopathy after treatment of malignancy is sometimes difficult, especially in patients whose treatment was deemed curative and without local recurrence or those who have increased serum levels of related tumor markers....

Studies from University of Texas describe new findings in myelodysplastic syndrome.
April 2, 2009... "We describe 9 patients with T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia (T-LGL) who also had a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). There were 6 men and 3 women with a median age of 60 years (range, 25-74 years)," investigators in the United States...

Recent findings from C. Tibaldi and co-authors highlight research in non-small cell lung cancer.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research published in the journal Clinical Lung Cancer, "The combination cisplatin/gemcitabine is one of the most active and well-tolerated regimens in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We undertook this pilot...

New pancreatic cancer study results from N. Hoki et al described.
April 2, 2009... "Revised clinical criteria for autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) have been proposed by the Research Committee of Intractable Disease of the Pancreas and the Japan Pancreas Society. These criteria require distinguishing AIP from neoplastic lesions,"...

New findings from Y. Chee and co-authors in the area of q fever published.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research published in the journal Hip International, "A 50-year-old patient underwent a routine primary total hip replacement. Soon after surgery, he developed acute respiratory failure from post-operative sepsis." "His...

New findings in renal cell carcinoma described from Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical College.
April 2, 2009... According to a study from the United States, "Cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been well investigated in non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A phase II study was thus conducted to assess the efficacy of carboplatin and paclitaxel in such...

Research on sarcoidosis published by scientists at Karolinska Hospital.
April 2, 2009... " Sarcoidosis may consist of a number of distinct disease entities, one of which could be Lofgren's syndrome. Patients with Lofgren's syndrome have an acute onset of erythema nodosum (EN) and/or perarticular inflammation or arthritis of the...

Findings from M. Antonelli and co-authors broaden understanding of sepsis.
April 2, 2009... "The Guidelines are intended to provide standard guidance for the care of patients by grouping evidence-based interventions into bundles that can be easily used by clinicians to improve patient outcome. The 2008 International guidelines for...

Investigators at University of Western Ontario publish new data on sepsis.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "Myocardial tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production plays an important role in cardiac dysfunction during sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) signalling in cardiomyocyte...

New sepsis study findings have been reported by A.W. Osullivan and colleagues.(Report)
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from Cork, Ireland, "Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are critical intracellular signal transduction pathways that mediate the systemic inflammatory response syndrome....

Reports outline sepsis study results from I.M. Shapey et al.
April 2, 2009... "Patients with central venous catheters (CVCs) are at increased risk of bloodstream infections and sepsis-related death. CVC-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are costly and account for a significant proportion of hospital-acquired...

Research results from University of South Carolina update understanding of sepsis.
April 2, 2009... According to a study from the United States, "Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are a primary concern in patients with indwelling central venous catheters (CVCs). Instillation of an antibiotic lock solution may serve as an...

New sickle cell anemia study findings recently were reported by researchers at Campinas State University.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "Inflammation, cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, and endothelial injury contribute to sickle cell anemia (SCA) vaso-occlusion. Although alterations in inflammatory cytokines and biomarkers have been related, reports have been conflicting,...

Research from Mustafa Kemal University in the area of sickle cell anemia published.
April 2, 2009... "Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication and is a risk factor for death in adult patients with sickle cell disease. Chronic leg ulceration is a major cause of morbidity in homozygous sickle cell disease," scientists in Antakya, Turkey...

Research on sickle cell anemia published by scientists at Anglia Ruskin University.
April 2, 2009... According to a study from Cambridge, the United Kingdom, "To investigate the effects of physical size on refractive error and the dimensions of optical components in sickle cell disease (SCD). The design was cross sectional." "Height and...

Bio-Matrix Scientific Group Gets Spotlight in Cryogenic International Magazine.
April 2, 2009... Cold Facts, the magazine of the Cryogenic Society of America, Inc. (CSA) puts the spotlight in its Winter Issue on Bio-Matrix Scientific Group, Inc. (BULLETIN BOARD: BMSN) (www.BMSN.us), an emerging research and development biotechnology...

Study results from University of New Mexico update understanding of thrombocytopenia.
April 2, 2009... "C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase protein with therapeutic activity in mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus and other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. To determine the mechanism by which CRP suppresses immune complex...

New findings from T. Gernsheimer and co-researchers in the area of thrombocytopenic purpura described.
April 2, 2009... According to a study from the United States, "The mechanism of idiopathic (autoimmune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) has historically been attributed to platelet autoantibody production and the resultant platelet destruction. More recent...

Scientists at Cornell University target thrombocytopenic purpura.(Clinical report)
April 2, 2009... According to a study from the United States, " Eltrombopag is an oral, non-pepticle, thrombopoietin- receptor agonist that stimulates thrombopoiesis, leading to increased platelet production. This study assessed the efficacy, safety, and...

Research in the area of genetic disorders therapy reported from Harvard University, Department of Neurosurgery.
April 2, 2009... Fresh data on genetic disorders are presented in the report 'Identification of an association between Robinow syndrome and moyamoya.' "Our group, along with others, has previously reported associations between moyamoya syndrome and a number of...

Findings from King's College London, King's College London advance knowledge in myelodysplastic syndrome risk factors.(Report)
April 2, 2009... Researchers detail in 'IL-17-producing CD4(+) T cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis are increased in low risk myelodysplastic syndrome,' new data in myelodysplastic syndrome. According to recent research published in the British...

Studies conducted at University of Heidelberg, Institute of Hygiene on non-hodgkin lymphoma therapy recently published.
April 2, 2009... Fresh data on non-hodgkin lymphoma are presented in the report 'Fatal Clostridium septicum infection in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma undergoing multimodal oncologic therapy.' "Clostridium septicum infections are rare but often fatal....

Studies from L. Glasser et al add new findings in the area of acute myeloid leukemia.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from the United States, "A case of donor cell leukemia (DCL) is reported. A 42-year-old female developed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of donor cell origin 18 months after a bone marrow transplant (BMT) from her...

Data on pharmaceuticals published by researchers at Food & Drug Administration.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research published in the Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, "Acetaminophen is known to crystallize in three polymorphic forms. Thermally induced transformations between the crystalline forms and the...

Research from J.W. Fehrenbacher et al broadens understanding of aneurysm.
April 2, 2009... "We recently treated a patient in whom a Gore TAG thoracic endograft (W.L. Gore and Assoc, Flagstaff, Arix) had been used to repair a descending thoracic aneurysm as the second stage of a hybrid procedure," scientists writing in the Journal of...

Study results from University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey broaden understanding of angiography.(Report)
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from the United States, "The technique of Subtraction computed tomographic angiography (sCTA) has been proposed for the evaluation of atherosclerotic disease to address limitations in CTA in highly calcified...

New research on angiology from University of Louisville summarized.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "Myocardial ischaemia is associated with the generation of lipid peroxidation products such as HNE (4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal); however, the processes that predispose the ischaemic heart to toxicity by HNE and related species are not Well...

Reports summarize angiology research from G. Sirico and co-authors.(Report)
April 2, 2009... According to recent research published in the Journal of Vascular Surgery, "Plaque instability is recognized as a multivessel phenomenon related to inflammation. This study examined if the morphology of femoral plaques was related to that of...

Researchers from Cleveland Clinic report recent findings in angiology.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "The brachial artery is often used for coronary angiography. However, data on brachial access for aortic and peripheral interventions are limited," scientists writing in the Journal of Vascular Surgery report (see also Angiology). "This...

New angioplasty research from Cleveland Clinic outlined.
April 2, 2009... In this recent report published in the Journal of Endovascular Therapy, researchers in the United States conducted a study "To review our experience with the endovascular treatment of chronic infrarenal aortic occlusion with regard to technical...

Investigators at Kyoto Prefectural University, Medical Department publish new data on angiotensins.
April 2, 2009... According to a study from Kyoto, Japan, "It remains to be determined whether the evidence in Western countries for blockade of the renin-angiotensin System in cardiovascular diseases could be directly applied to East Asian races including the...

Research from University of Buenos Aires in the area of angiotensins published.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from Buenos Aires, Argentina, "Giani JF, Mayer MA, Munoz MC, Silberman EA, Hocht C, Taira CA, Gironacci MM, Turyn D, Dominici FP. Chronic infusion of angiotensin-(1-7) improves insulin resistance and hypertension...

Studies from Hirosaki University, Medical Department describe new findings in angiotensins.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from Hirosaki, Japan, "Coupling factor 6 (CF6) induces hypertension by attenuating the endothelial generation of prostacyclin. However, intracellular signalling of CF6 in the resistance arteriole vascular smooth...

Studies from University of Hull in the area of angiotensins published.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from the United Kingdom, "The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. Three transgenic mouse lines overexpressing rat angiotensinogen (rAOGEN) were generated."...

Study results from S. Molstrom and colleagues in the area of angiotensins published.(Report)
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from Odense, Denmark, "Molstrom S, Larsen NH, Simonsen JA, Washington R, Bie P. Normotensive sodium loading in normal man: regulation of renin secretion during beta-receptor blockade. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp...

New anti-infectives findings from China University described.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from Hefei, People's Republic of China, "An analytical method for kanamycin A, amikacin and tobramycin of aminoglycoside (AG) antibiotics in milk samples was proposed using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with...

Reports from J. Klapacz and colleagues advance knowledge in apoptosis.
April 2, 2009... "Alkylation-induced O-6-methylguanine (O(6)MeG) DNA lesions can be mutagenic or cytotoxic if unrepaired by the O(6)MeG-DNA methyltransferase (Mgmt) protein. O(6)MeG pairs with T during DNA replication, and if the O(6)MeG: T mismatch persists, a...

Research on apoptosis detailed by scientists at Kyushu University.
April 2, 2009... "BCR signaling plays a critical role in purging the self-reactive repertoire, or in rendering it anergic to establish self-tolerance in the periphery. Differences in self-reactivity between human naive and IgM(+) memory B cells may reflect...

Research on apoptosis detailed by scientists at Medical University of Innsbruck.
April 2, 2009... "Histologic and ultrastructural study of disc cell death after traumatic injury to the human cervical spine and postmortem (p-m) in the porcine cervical spine. To determine the changes in disc cell morphology, viability, and manner of cell...

Research reports from University of Bologna provide new insights into apoptosis.(Report)
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from Bologna, Italy, "Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, has shown immunosuppressive activity in animal models of GVHD. In this study, we evaluated the effects of Bortezomib on the survival of monocytes, a major...

Researchers at Wuhan University target apoptosis.(Report)
April 2, 2009... According to recent research published in the European Journal of Gynaecological Oncology, "This study sought to explore the effects of quercetin on proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration and invasion of HeLa cells. Proliferation and...

Study results from Tsinghua University broaden understanding of apoptosis.
April 2, 2009... "Bufalin is a natural toxin with anti-leukemic properties. It induces cell differentiation and apoptosis, as well as increasing the sensitivity of leukemia cells to other chemotherapeutic agents," investigators in Beijing, People's Republic of...

Reports from University of Iowa highlight recent research in arrhythmia.
April 2, 2009... "Nayate A, Moore SA, Weiss R, Taktakishvili OM, Lin L.-H., Talman WT. Cardiac damage after lesions of the nucleus tractus solitarii," scientists in the United States report (see also Arrhythmia). "Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol...

University of Lyon publishes research in arrhythmia.
April 2, 2009... "Association of low cardiac vagal activity and poor outcome is demonstrated in the cardiology setting. This has not been addressed in the postoperative setting," scientists in Villeurbanne, France report (see also Arrhythmia). "Cardiac...

Recent findings in arteriovenous fistula described by researchers from Oita University, Medical Department.(Report)
April 2, 2009... According to a study from Oita, Japan, "This study aimed to define the patterns of basal cerebral venous drainage (BCVD) from cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (CSDAVFs). Forty sets of selective angiographic data from 36 patients...

Reports from University of Melbourne describe recent advances in arthritis.
April 2, 2009... In this recent report published in the journal Arthritis & Rheumatism - Arthritis Care & Research, researchers in Parkville, Australia conducted a study "To investigate whether variation exists in the preoperative age, pain, stiffness, and...

Researchers at University of Pittsburgh publish new data on arthritis.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "We have demonstrated previously that dendritic cells (DCs) modified with immunosuppressive cytokines, and exosomes derived from DCs can suppress the onset of murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and reduce the severity of established...

Studies from University of Colorado have provided new information about arthritis.
April 2, 2009... In this recently published study, investigators in the United States conducted a study "To examine the relative importance of tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNFRI) signaling in the hematopoietic tissue compartment in the progression of...

Researchers from INSERM report on findings in arthroplasty.(Clinical report)
April 2, 2009... According to a study from Paris, France, "The literature on preoperative smoking cessation indicates that smoking patients are more likely to have postoperative complications. However, the economic implications of such complications ire...

Research from Y.S. Kim and co-authors yields new data on artificial ascites.
April 2, 2009... In this recent report, researchers in Seoul, South Korea conducted a study "To evaluate the effect of the heat-sink phenomenon induced by artificial ascites on the size of the ablation zone during percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) ablation of...

Researchers from University of Delaware provide details of new studies and findings in the area of artificial mirna.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "Gene silencing is a useful technique for elucidating biological function of genes by knocking down their expression. Recently developed artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) exploit an endogenous gene silencing mechanism that processes natural miRNA...

Investigators at University of Calabria publish new data on artificial neural networks.
April 2, 2009... "The quantitative resolution of a quaternary pharmaceutical mixture consisting of paracetamol, propiphenazone, caffeine and thiamine was performed by the simultaneous use of fractional wavelet transform (FWT) with principal component regression...

Study findings on artificial urinary sphincter are outlined in reports from Mayo Clinic.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research from the United States, "We present outcome and quality of life analyses for the treatment of post-radical prostatectomy bladder neck contracture with urethral wall stent insertion and subsequent artificial urinary...

Findings in atherosclerosis reported from Y.L. Tang and co-researchers.
April 2, 2009... " Study of the relationship between mast cells and atherosclerosis is mostly dependent on pathological observation and cytology experiments. To investigate the effects of mast cells degranulation on plaque and their possible mechanisms we used...

Reports from A.M. Maeshima et al highlight recent research in B-cell lymphoma.
April 2, 2009... "Few cases of secondary CD5+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that are not Richter syndrome have been reported previously. We report 9 cases of non-Richter syndrome secondary CD5+ DLBCL," scientists in Tsukiji, Japan report (see also...

Studies from R. Barrientos and co-researchers yield new data on bioartificial pancreas.
April 2, 2009... "Xenotransplantation of insulin-secreting cells from nonhuman sources is an alternative therapeutic approach to bypass the shortage of human pancreatic islet tissue for transplantation in order to treat insulin deficiency in type I diabetes...

Reports from C.K. Thorp and co-researchers add new data to research in biomedicine.
April 2, 2009... "Human intracranial microwire recordings have typically had poor signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), often below 10 dB. The physiological signal source is a fixed-amplitude one; thus, SNR must be improved by reducing either noise or interference,"...

New blood pressure study findings recently were reported by J.P. Roesner and co-researchers.
April 2, 2009... According to a study from Bristol, the United Kingdom, "Haemorrhagic shock can cause organ failure and high mortality. Uncontrolled bleeding, a predetermined bleeding volume or blood pressure controlled bleeding are traditionally used to study...

Recent studies from Merck & Company, Inc. add new data to blood pressure.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology, "The blood pressure (BP)-lowering effects of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists in salt-sensitive rat models of hypertension are well understood....

Researchers from University of Novi Sad report on findings in blood pressure.
April 2, 2009... "Acute effects of different extracts of mistletoe stem (Viscum album) were investigated on values of arterial blood pressure in Wistar rats. Arterial blood pressure was registered by direct method in the left carotid artery and the investigated...

Data on bone marrow discussed by researchers at Nankai University, Medical Department.
April 2, 2009... "Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression in bone marrow cells (BMC) was up-regulated upon exposure to interleukin 6, lipopolysaccharide, or tumor-associated factors. But, how the up-regulated SOCS3 affects differentiation of BMCs...

New findings from Lund University in the area of bone marrow published.
April 2, 2009... According to recent research published in the Journal of Immunology, "Although bone marrow (BM) represents the main site for postnatal NK cell development, recently a distinct thymic-dependent NK cell pathway was identified. These studies were...

New findings in bone marrow described by N. Na and co-researchers.
April 2, 2009... " The prospects of using immature CD8a(+) dendritic cells (DC2) to establish transplant immunologic tolerance and treatments for autoimmune diseases in the future are promising. However, the methods for inducing DC2 are still being explored,"...

Research conducted at University of Heidelberg has updated our knowledge about bone marrow.
April 2, 2009... "Regain of immunocompetence after myeloablation and bone marrow cell (BMC) reconstitution essentially depends on T progenitor homing into the thymus and intrathymic T cell maturation. CD44 facilitates progenitor homing and settlement in the...

Findings from University of Bergen in bone research reported.(Report)
April 2, 2009... "This study examined the clinical efficacy of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and bioactive ceramic filler (BCF) in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects and evaluated factors influencing the treatment outcome. Thirteen chronic...

Studies from Nara Medical University describe new findings in bone research.
April 2, 2009... "Disorders of the enthesis are often a consequence of sports injuries. However, there is uncertainty regarding the process of mechanical stress-related injuries at the enthesis and the subsequent repair process of the injured tissues,"...

Study data from McGill University update understanding of breast cancer.
April 2, 2009... "Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has a well-recognized role in the treatment of leukemia and small-cell lung cancer. Clinical utility has yet to be determined for breast cancer, where an emerging group at high risk of brain metastasis...