Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists articles from July 1995

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists archives from July 1995

Stiff-arming Russia: rolling over Moscow today may produce "Fortress Russia" tomorrow.(Editorial)
July 1, 1995... It looks as if U.S.-Russian relations are headed for a bad patch. From Washington, Russia appears more assertive, less cooperative, and increasingly nationalistic. The new Congress has attacked Russian "meddling" in the affairs of former Soviet...

Questioning German intelligence. (investigation of German intelligence agency)
July 1, 1995... Eight months after German police seized 360 grams of plutonium at the Munich airport last August, irregularities and apparent violations by German law enforcement and intelligence agents have led the German parliament to launch a full-blown...

A matter of definition. (competitiveness of defense industry, definition of defense industry by researchers)
July 1, 1995... Thirty-five years after President Dwight D. Eisenhower warned us of the excessive power and influence of the military-industrial complex, is it time to relax? According to Maryellen Kelley and Todd Watkins, writing in the April 28 issue of...

Ten years later: Russia's "new democrats" look a lot like "old Communists," but greedier.(Column)
July 1, 1995... It is truly amazing that ten years have passed since the global vocabulary was enriched with two new words: glasnost and perestroika. From the historical perspective, though, ten years is only a grain of sand in the desert of time. It was May...

Senate snubs Strom. (defeat of Strom Thurmond's proposed military budget increase)
July 1, 1995... The Senate's "deficit hawks" skirmished with its "Pentagon hawks" in May. The deficit hawks won, with scarcely a ruffled feather. On May 23, the same day that the Senate voted down presidential candidate Phil Gramm's proposed tax cut, an...

McNamara's inner war. (Robert S. McNamara's claims about Vietnam War)
July 1, 1995... Former Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara's In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam, was bound to be controversial. Still, when it was published in April, no one expected the torrent of criticism that rained down on the 78-year-old...

In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam.
July 1, 1995... Former Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara's In Retrospect: The Tragedy and Lessons of Vietnam, was bound to be controversial. Still, when it was published in April, no one expected the torrent of criticism that rained down on the 78-year-old...

Open secrets, closed minds. (classification practices of Department of Energy)
July 1, 1995... The Energy Department has announced a review of its classification practices. But it won't do much good unless the department is willing to sort out real from imaginary secrets, about which Energy has a history of delusion. Take, for example,...

China's broken hearts. (Tiananmen Square massacre of 1989, persuading China to change its attitude toward dissidents)
July 1, 1995... Ever since the massacre at Tiananmen Square six years ago, the scene that I saw with my own eyes has haunted me. On the morning of June 4, 1989, the blood of students was everywhere on the streets, and the name lists of hundreds of dead and...

An Iranian bomb? (development of nuclear weapons)
July 1, 1995... This year, the nuclear proliferation spotlight has swung away from Iraq and North Korea, only to focus on Iran. Western intelligence agencies have not discovered clandestine Iranian nuclear weapon facilities, nor have they, in fact, developed...

Indefinite extension - with increased accountability. (conference on Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)(includes related article on principles of the treaty)
July 1, 1995... The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was made permanent in May, 25 years after it entered into force. The fourweek NPT Review and Extension Conference (held in New York April 17 to May 12) was the largest arms control conference ever held,...

South Africa bridges the gap. (helps resolve debate over extension of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)
July 1, 1995... Before the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) Review and Extension Conference began April 17, the U.S. proposal for an indefinite extension was assumed to have majority support. But how much of a majority? Given the fact that a number of...

The global tide. (globalization)(includes related article on transnational social movement organizations)(Cover Story)
July 1, 1995... In the 1970s, babies in Third World nations were dying when they might have been thriving. The apparent culprit: ersatz mother's milk made from powder. The Nestle Company, a Swiss-based multinational, had identified Third World mothers as a...

The communications paradox: globalization may be just another word for Western cultural dominance. (global communications technology)(includes related article on disadvantages of the Internet)
July 1, 1995... "Go tell it on the mountain." As the popular spiritual advised, it used to be that if you had a message to get across, you only had to go to the nearest mountain and shout it to the masses. The same is true today--only now an antenna likely...

A movement is born: Russian women are coming together to create a new fabric of life. (includes related article on non-governmental organizations)
July 1, 1995... In 1990, in the midst of perestroika, an American colleague asked me about the future of feminism in the new, democratic Russia. Without hesitation, I told her that feminism had no future whatsoever in my country--that women's problems had been...

Trade as aid. (socially responsible foreign business investment)
July 1, 1995... In May 1993, Archbishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa said: "After sanctions are lifted, it must not be business as usual. There has got to be a code of conduct for business in South Africa, for a kind of investment that seeks to turn around the...

Who killed the Cold War? (peace movement across Europe)
July 1, 1995... There is something strange about the way the 1989 revolutions in Eastern Europe have been interpreted in the West. It is said there were no new ideas--that the people who gathered in the streets of East European cities simply wanted to live like...

"Political" scientists. (scientists helped to end the Cold War)(includes related article on scientist Jeremy Stone)
July 1, 1995... The Cold War ended in the early 1990s with neither a bang nor a whimper, but with a universal sigh of relief. Scientists, including many former weapons scientists, were partly responsible--perhaps, chiefly responsible--for persuading U.S. and...

Four futures. (predictions about effects of globalization)(includes bibliography)
July 1, 1995... Globalization is the intensification of economic, social, and cultural relations across borders. Governance is the management of human affairs. Woolly and imprecise as these terms may seem, they describe what now have become fundamental...

Global Paradox.
July 1, 1995... John Naisbitt, the author of Global Paradox, is extremely optimistic about the globalization of the economy. He embraces a world in which, as economist Milton Friedman says, it is now "possible to produce a product anywhere, using resources from...

The Future of Global Governance.
July 1, 1995... In The Future of Global Governance, Mihaly Simai agrees that a globalized economy "weakens the autonomy of policymakers to control or influence... key economic processes." He believes that regulation of these processes must move "at least in...

Our Global Neighbourhood.
July 1, 1995... The discussion of the dilemma in pursuing these values simultaneously is one of the most interesting parts of Our Global Neighbourhood, the report of the Commission on Global Governance. Headed by Ingvar Carlsson and Shridath Rampal, with Hans...

Preparing for the Twenty-First Century.
July 1, 1995... The varying capacities of nations to respond to global challenges is the major focus of Paul Kennedy's book, Preparing for the Twenty-first Century. Kennedy contends that coping with population growth will be the greatest challenge of the next...

Hiroshima in America: Fifty Years of Denial.
July 1, 1995... Shortly after the war in the Pacific ended, Lt. Daniel McGovern, a member of the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey, began working with a Japanese film crew to document the destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The end product of the...

U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile, July 1995.
July 1, 1995... While it is generally believed that the future U.S. nuclear stockpile will number 3,500 warheads under the Strategic Arms Reduction (START) Treaty, the truth is that the Clinton administration is planning for a stockpile more than twice as...

Iran in the cross-hairs: soon enough, even more countries will join the target list.(Column)
July 1, 1995... It is the year 2002. Saddam Hussein has been assassinated and Islamic elements in Basra have declared their independence from Baghdad. Iran is now the dominant regional power after a large-scale military buildup. It invades Kuwait and Saudi...