Annual Review of Microbiology articles from January 1 1995

Annual Review of Microbiology archives from January 1 1995

The road to Yellowstone - and beyond.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: microbial ecology, thermophiles, biotechnology, history, limnology CONTENTS Introduction Beginnings First Professional Work First Academic Appointment Indiana University Steps Toward Microbial Ecology Friday Harbor Laboratories...

Mechanisms for the prevention of damage to DNA in spores of Bacillus species.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: UV resistance, heat resistance, DNA-binding protein, UV photochemistry, DNA depurination CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENT OF SPORE DNA SPORE RESISTANCE TO OXIDIZING AGENTS, HEAT, AND DESICCATION Mechanisms of Spore Killing by...

Genetics, physiology, and evolutionary relationships of the genus Buchnera: intracellular symbionts of aphids.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: endosymbionts, genome analysis, tryptophan biosynthesis, gene amplification, evolutionary relationships, coevolution, mutualism CONTENTS INTRODUCTION GENERAL PROPERTIES OF APHIDS ULTRASTRUCTURE, LOCATION. AND TRANSMISSION OF...

Physiological implications of sterol biosynthesis in yeast.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: yeast, Saccharomyces, sterols, ergosterol CONTENTS INTRODUCTION STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS AND REGULATION Biosynthetic Pathways Sites of Regulation Ergosterol Features and Regulation STEROL METABOLISM Effect of...

The structure and replication of kinetoplast DNA.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: kDNA, mitochondrial DNA, DNA network, Trypanosoma, Crithidia CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE MOLECULAR COMPONENTS OF kDNA Maxicircles Minicircles STRUCTURE OF THE kDNA NETWORK The Isolated Network The kDNA...

How Salmonella survive against the odds.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: environmental stress, stress and virulence, stress responses CONTENTS INTRODUCTION VOYAGES THROUGH THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT AND THROUGH AN ANIMAL HOST SALMONELLA STRESS SURVIVAL STRATEGIES Starvation Stress Response ...

The mechanisms of Trypanosoma cruzi invasion of mammalian cells.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: protozoan, parasite, intracellular, antigen, attachment, signaling CONTENTS INTRODUCTION LIFE-CYCLE STAGES INVASION OF PHAGOCYTIC AND NONPHAGOCYTIC HOST CELLS Amastigote Invasion of Macrophages Lysosome Recruitment...

Polyketide synthase gene manipulation: a structure-function approach in engineering novel antibiotics.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: biosynthesis, enzymes, polyketide cyclases, secondary metabolites, Streptomyces CONTENTS INTRODUCTION POLYKETIDE SYNTHASES: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION Type I Multifunctional Enzyme Systems Type II Multienzyme Systems ...

Nonopsonic phagocytosis of microorganisms.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: phagocytic receptors, opsonins, adhesins, lectins CONTENTS INTRODUCTION LECTINOPHAGOCYTOSIS MEDIATED BY BACTERIAL SURFACE LECTINS Type 1 Fimbriae of Enterobacteriaceae Other Fimbrial ant Nonfimbrial Adhesins of...

Peptides as weapons against microorganisms in the chemical defense system of vertebrates.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: antimicrobial peptides, molecular immunity, cytotoxicity, cell membrane CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFENSINS AND [Beta]-DEFENSINS Defensins and [Beta]-Defensins: Endogenous Antibiotics of Myeloid-Derived Cells ...

CO dehydrogenase. (carbon monoxide)
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: carbon monoxide, acetate, carbon cycle, aerobic, anaerobic CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AEROBES Microbiology and Physiology The CO Dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas carboxydovorans PHOTOTROPHIC ANAEROBES Microbiology and...

Nitrogenase structure and function: a biochemical-genetic perspective.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: Fe protein, MoFe protein, P clusters, FeMo cofactor, MgATP, signal transduction, mutagenesis CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW ASSIGNMENT OF MoFe PROTEIN METALLOCLUSTER DOMAINS Assignment 1 Assignment 2 Assignment...

Conjugative transposition.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: conjugattion, transposition, recombination, resistance, antibiotic, integrase CONTENTS INTRODUCTION General Properties Simple ant Compound Transposons Drug Resistance Broad Distribution Use in...

Cellulose degradation in anaerobic environments.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: cellulase, cellulose fermentation, microbial interactions, cellulolytic microoganisms, carbon cycle CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE SUBSTRATE CELLULOLYTIC ENZYME SYSTEMS OF ANAEROBES CELLULOSE DEGRADATION IN SOILS. SEDIMENTS, AND...

New mechanisms of drug resistance in parasitic protozoa.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: P-glycoproteins, drug transport, chemotherapeutic targets, parasitic diseases CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AN OVERVIEW OF DRUG RESISTANCE IN PARASITIC PROTOZOA P-GLYCOPROTEINS AND RELATED TRAFFIC ATPases Mammalian P-Glycoproteins...

Environmental virology: from detection of virus in sewage and water by isolation to identification by molecular biology - a trip of over 50 years.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: sewage-associated viruses, cell cultures, nucleic acid hybridization, public health concerns, sewage-polluted waters, shellfish CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERNS Poliovirus: Early...

How bacteria sense and swim.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: motility, chemotaxis, protein phosphorylation, membrane receptors, molecular motors CONTENTS DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENON THE CHEMOSENSORY PATHWAY Structure and Function of the Protein Components Other Factors in...

Biodegradation of nitroaromatic compounds.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: nitroaromatic compounds, TNT, explosives, biodegradation, dioxygenase, biotransformation CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHEMISTRY OF THE AROMATIC NITRO GROUP ANAEROBIC BIODEGRADATION Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Clostridium...

Biocatalytic syntheses or aromatics from D-glucose: renewable microbial sources of aromatic compounds.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: chemical manufacture, environment, amino acid, biosynthesis, common pathway CONTENTS Introduction Traditional Approaches for Increasing Aromatic Biosynthesis Substrate-Limited Aromatic Biosynthesis Impediments to Carbon Flow...

The regulation of methane oxidation in soil.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: methanotrophy, methylotrophy, soil, methanotroph ecology CONTENTS INTRODUCTION METHANOTROPH BACTERIA PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF METHANE OXIDATION Ribulose Monophosphate Pathway Serine Pathway ECOLOGY OF METHANE...

Discovery, biosynthesis, and mechanism of action of the zaragozic acids: potent inhibitors of squalene synthase.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: natural products, squalene synthase inhibitors, cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors, fungi, antifungals CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND DISCOVERY Rationale Screening Discovery of the Zaragozic Acids ZARAGOZIC ACIDS,...

Prospects for new interventions in the treatment and prevention of mycobacterial disease.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: tuberculosis, vaccines, drugs, mycobacteria, immunity CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis Other Mycobacterial Diseases BASIC BIOLOGY OF MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTION Stage 1. Initial Uptake of Bacteria Stage 2....

Development and application of herpes simplex virus vectors for human gene therapy.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: gene-transfer vector, latency, promoter, cancer, central nervous system CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Gene Therapy Vectors: An Overview The Niche of HSV in Gene Transfer THE HSV LIFE CYCLE Molecular Biology of Lytic...

Microbial biofilms.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: sessile bacterial communities, [Sigma] factor, phenotype change, mass transfer, consortia CONTENTS DEFINITION INTRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION AND UBIQUITY OF BIOFILMS THE STRUCTURE OF BIOFILMS As Revealed by Confocal Scanning...

Leucine-responsive regulatory protein: a global regulator of gene expression in E. coli.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: transcription regulation, DNA-binding proteins, chromosome structure CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE LEUCINE-RESPONSIVE REGULATORY PROTEIN Lrp AS A REGULATOR Patterns of Regulation by Lrp Regulation of Lrp Synthesis ...

Microbiology to 10,500 meters in the deep sea.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: high pressure, microbial ecology, growth physiology, membranes, PTk diagram CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEEP-SEA HABITATS METHODS OF SAMPLING FOR MICROBIOLOGY HIGH PRESSURE LABORATORY TECHNIQUES Pressure Vessels Colony...

Viral vectors in gene therapy.
January 1, 1995... KEY WORDS: gene therapy, adenovirus vectors, AAV vectors, retrovirus vectors, cationic lipids CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OVERALL GOALS OF GENE THERAPY CATEGORIES OF VIRUS CONSIDERED Retroviruses Adenoviruses Adeno-Associated...