Finance & Development articles from March 1990

Finance & Development archives from March 1990

Reform, inflation, and adjustment in planned economies.
March 1, 1990... Reform, Inflation, and Adjustment in Planned Economies Faced with continuing structural problems, mounting imbalances, and declining growth rates, many centrally planned economies (CPEs) have been impelled in recent years to experiment with...

Radical currency reform: Germany, 1948.
March 1, 1990... Radical Currency Reform: Germany, 1948 Eastern European economies that are currently implementing reform programs have accumulated large monetary overhangs (i.e., excess liquidity) that reflect the severe deterioration of public sector...

Lessons of the debt decade. (includes related articles on the terminology of of the debt crisis and literature concerning debt)
March 1, 1990... Lessons of the Debt Decade There is no guarantee that the lessons of the 1980s - simple, obvious, even trite though they may be - will be learnt. Even if they are, it is possible that future debt crises will still occur because the...

Issues in the measurement of external debt.
March 1, 1990... Issues in the Measurement of External Debt With the emergence, in the early 1980s, of the international debt crisis, issues concerning external debt came to the forefront of economic discussion. A number of efforts have been made in recent...

Poverty alleviation in Latin America.
March 1, 1990... Poverty Alleviation in Latin America With an average per capita income of $1,700, Latin America is the wealthiest region in the developing world, with the average per capita income of the region well above that of the "middle-income...

Educational development: priorities for the nineties.
March 1, 1990... Educational Development: Priorities for the Nineties Hard hit by the economic crisis and facing a pernicious combination of high population growth and limited financial resources, many developing countries must struggle merely to maintain...

Improving primary schools in developing countries. (includes related articles on cost of education in rural Northeast Brazil and bank lending for primary education)
March 1, 1990... Improving Primary Schools in Developing Countries Ninety percent of the nearly three million primary schools in the world are in low- and middle-income developing countries; in these schools some 480 million children struggle to learn. Unlike...

Producing textbooks in developing countries.
March 1, 1990... Producing Textbooks in Developing Countries Half the world's children typically sit in classrooms sharing only one book among the entire class, learning by rote, or copying, probably inaccurately, old and often inappropriate texts written on...

Making vocational training effective. (includes related article on the World Bank's role in vocational training)
March 1, 1990... Making Vocational Training Effective Major questions are being raised about the efficiency of public pre-employment vocational education and training (VET) in both developed and developing nations. Does it really stimulate economic growth?...

IMF advice on fiscal policy. (International Monetary Fund)
March 1, 1990... IMF Advice on Fiscal Policy The complex issues of fiscal policy require complex responses and, given the wide differences in economic systems of Fund members, advice must always be country specific. Many publications of the Fund describe its...

The fiscal implications of reducing trade taxes.
March 1, 1990... The Fiscal Implications of Reducing Trade Taxes Many developing countries are trying to liberalize their trade regimes. But, despite broad agreement on the advantages of a more open economy, some of the reforms have been reversed or are...

Bridging the 'management skills gap'. (World Bank's Economic Development Institute)
March 1, 1990... Bridging the "Management Skills Gap" Many developing countries have recently been faced with the need to adjust their economies and, in doing so, to implement rigorous macroeconomic policies. The will is certainly there, but governments are...

Lessons of privatization in developing countries.
March 1, 1990... Lessons of Privatization in Developing Countries A decade ago the concept of privatization as a force for economic change was barely acknowledged. Today the concept enjoys full recognition with a growing number of nations, both developing and...

The macroeconomics of famine. (includes related article on the Bangladesh famine of 1974)
March 1, 1990... The Macroeconomics of Famine Famine is intrinsically an economic phenomenon. Until very recently, however, the tendency has been to view famine as a natural disaster, and economics has not had much to offer beyond the man-on-the-street...