Finance & Development articles from June 1991

Finance & Development archives from June 1991

The internationalization of the yen.
June 1, 1991... Although the Japanese yen is increasingly being used in international transactions, its use is still rather modest compared to the US dollar and the deutsche mark. Why? George S. Tavlas and Yuzuru Ozeki A longer discussion on this...

The changing nature of Japanese trade.
June 1, 1991... The appreciation of the yen after 1985 drama shaped the structure of Japanese trade flows, with a spectacular rise in manufactured imports. In recent years, Japan's current account surplus has drawn enormous interest, becoming the...

What is at stake in the Uruguay Round?
June 1, 1991... After four years of multilateral trade negotiations, progress has been made on resolving key issues. But countries still need to confront certain domestic policy issues for the Round to be successful. In late February 1991, the Uruguay...

The Uruguay Round: an unfinished symphony. (first in a series)
June 1, 1991... This is the first of a series of commentaries from different vantage points on aspects of the Uruguay Round. Guest Articles do not necessarily reflect the views of either the IMF or the World Bank. Readers are also invited to contribute...

Reforming the Soviet economy. (includes related article on literature)
June 1, 1991... A joint international study examines the causes of the Soviet Union's economic problems and argues for rapid and comprehensive reforms. By the end of the 1980s, it had become clear that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was bound for...

External financing and adjustment.
June 1, 1991... The challenge in designing a viable adjustment program For a fuller discussion, see "The Debt Problem and Growth," by Marcelo Selowsky and Herman G. van der Tak, World Development, September 1986. For many developing countries facing...

Public policy and the environment.
June 1, 1991... Governments must consider the Possible impacts of their environmental policies on key macroeconomic balances. Kenneth Miranda and Timothy R. Muzondo Environmental degradation-ranging from soil erosion, desertification, and air...

Global warming and the developing world. (includes related article)
June 1, 1991... Faced with great scientific uncertainty on this much debated topic, developing nations should pursue those energy options that make good economic as well as environmental sense In recent years, nations all over the world have become...

Irrigation and the environmental challenge.
June 1, 1991... Proper management of water can Protect the environment Shawki Barghouti and Guy Le Moigne Chief Agriculture Production and Services Division Senior Advisor Agriculture and Rural Development Department, The World Bank Irrigation...

How does a country join the IMF? (International Monetary Fund)
June 1, 1991... Questions & Answers Marina Primorac Secretary's Department, IMF In 1990, the IMF received a flurry of membership applications, as a number of industrial and developing countries-new and old-decided to become part of the global...

Saving and investment in developing countries: sources and uses of funds, 1975-96.
June 1, 1991... Kenneth S. Warwick Research Department, IMF The flow of funds framework used in the charts distinguishes between three main sources and three main uses of funds. The sources of funds are domestic saving, gross external saving and...

The changing economics of steel. (includes glossary of steel production terms)
June 1, 1991... New manufacturing processes and technologies may allow developing countries to produce steel for smaller markets with smaller mills. The implications for world production and trade. Robert R. Miller The global steel industry changed...

The changing role of the state in development.
June 1, 1991... This article is based on a longer paper, "The Changing Role of the State: Institutional Dimensions," available as PRE Working Paper No. 495 (August 1990) from Zeny Kranzer, Room N-9051, World Bank, Washington, DC 20433 USA. A leaner,...

Tax reform in developing countries. (includes related article on Indonesia)
June 1, 1991... What constitutes successful tax reform? A review of developing country experience Javad Khalilzadeh-Shirazi and Anwar Shah The World Bank hosted a conference in March 1990 to review tax reform experiences in developing countries and to...