Finance & Development articles from December 1990

Finance & Development archives from December 1990

The challenge of economic reforms in Eastern Europe. (includes related article on the World Bank Group)
December 1, 1990... The Challenge of Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe The historic changes in the countries of Eastern Europe pose new challenges to their governments and the international community. Following a long period of slow growth, these...

Transition in Eastern Europe - the social dimension.
December 1, 1990... Transition in Eastern Europe -- The Social Dimension For Eastern European countries, the move away from centrally planned economies to market-oriented ones involves three central social policy challenges: * How, without intolerable...

Paving the way for German unification. (market-oriented reform in East Germany)
December 1, 1990... Paving the Way for German Unification On October 3, 1990, the German Democratic Republic (GDR) ceased to exist. It is survived by five federal states, which on the same day joined the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). The demise of the...

Privatization of farming activities in Hungary.
December 1, 1990... Privatization of Farming Activities in Hungary Throughout Eastern Europe, there is a growing interest in how best to tackle agricultural reform--fast becoming synonymous with accelerating the difficult task of privatization. Agriculture and...

Europe - the quest for monetary integration. (includes related article)
December 1, 1990... Europe -- The Quest for Monetary Integration Over the past 20 years, the European Community (EC) has tried several times to move in the direction of economic and monetary union. But these attempts have always fallen far short of their goals....

Renegotiating official debts. (London Accord of 1953 and the 1970 Indonesian Settlement)
December 1, 1990... Renegotiating Official Debts Recently a number of people have suggested that the sovereign external debt of severely indebted countries should be treated and renegotiated in the same way as the Federal Republic of Germany's obligations after...

The secondary market for developing country loans. (includes related article)
December 1, 1990... The Secondary Market for Developing Country Loans The secondary loan market has rapidly become a key component in the economic and political efforts to relieve the debt problem of the developing countries. As in any other financial market,...

Reshaping technical assistance. (World Bank and the International Monetary Fund) (includes related article)
December 1, 1990... Reshaping Technical Assistance Typically, the Bank and the IMF are thought of as international agencies that offer only financial assistance. But both institutions have always complemented such assistance with general policy advice, as well as...

A growing role for NGOs in development. (non-governmental organizations)
December 1, 1990... A Growing Role for NGOs in Development Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) have grown rapidly in number in recent years and now are taking on a larger role in development work. Their influence has grown with the growth in their numbers and...

Government expenditure and growth.
December 1, 1990... Government Expenditure and Growth In many of the developed countries following the Second World War, there existed a widespread presumption of the need to expand public spending and accommodate increases in the relative size of the...

Formulating a growth-oriented fiscal policy.
December 1, 1990... Formulating a Growth-Oriented Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy measures play an integral role in Fund-supported adjustment programs. In short-term stabilization programs, aimed at achieving a desired outcome for the balance of payments and...

Determinants of private investment in LDCs. (lesser-developed countries)
December 1, 1990... Determinants of Private Investment in LDCs The behavior of private investment activity, a key factor underlying economic growth in developing countries, has long been of interest to economists and policymakers. But, to date, empirical...

Deposit insurance in developing countries.
December 1, 1990... Deposit Insurance in Developing Countries In recent years, banking instability has emerged as a major problem in the developing world, prompting the search for ways to protect savers and ensure the viability of banking systems. The distress...

Issues in interest rate liberalization.
December 1, 1990... Issues in Interest Rate Liberalization It is widely accepted that interest rate policy plays an important role in achieving both internal and external balance and ensuring the efficient allocation of financial resources in an economy....