Annual Review of Sociology articles from January 1 1999

Annual Review of Sociology archives from January 1 1999

LOOKING BACK AT 25 YEARS OF SOCIOLOGY AND THE ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION In accepting the assignment for this essay, I did not realize how complex it would turn out to be. If I had been given two or three times the space allotted, it would not have sufficed. Accordingly, I have had to be schematic...

THE SOCIOLOGY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Entrepreneurship occurs at significantly higher rates than at any time in the last 100 years (Gartner & Shane 1995). Recent survey evidence suggests that entrepreneurship is a meaningful lifestyle and career identity for...

WOMEN'S MOVEMENTS IN THE THIRD WORLD: Identity, Mobilization, and Autonomy.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION In a much reviewed and cited article on the relationship between first and third world feminisms, Chandra Mohanty (1991) argued that for too long, women in the third world have been considered not agents of their own...

SEXUALITY IN THE WORKPLACE: Organizational Control, Sexual Harassment, and the Pursuit of Pleasure.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Sexual bantering, flitting, and dating are commonplace at work, but with few exceptions, sociologists have not paid much attention to these behaviors. The Weberian assumption that organizations progressively shed...

WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE US LABOR MOVEMENT? Union Decline and Renewal.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION In 1995, the American Federation of Labor--Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), the body that unites most United States unions into a federated organization, experienced its first contested election, in which the...

OWNERSHIP ORGANIZATION AND FIRM PERFORMANCE.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Recent work in organizational sociology has made considerable progress toward understanding how certain features of the governance systems found in modern public corporations affect a range of important firm outcomes. The...

DECLINING VIOLENT CRIME RATES IN THE 1990S: Predicting Crime Booms and Busts.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Recent declines in rates of violent crime in the United States caught many policymakers and researchers off guard. These declines were perhaps more surprising in that they came on the heels of dire predictions about the rise...

GENDER AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT.
January 1, 1999... Even social scientists didn't study it, and they study everything that moves. Catherine MacKinnon (1987:106; commenting on the lack of information about sexual harassment) Twenty years ago, the study of sexual harassment focussed on...

THE GENDER SYSTEM AND INTERACTION.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Gender is a system of social practices within society that constitutes people as different in socially significant ways and organizes relations of inequality on the basis of the difference (Ridgeway & Smith-Lovin 1999). The...

BRINGING EMOTIONS INTO SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORY.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Social exchange theory assumes self-interested actors who transact with other self-interested actors to accomplish individual goals that they cannot achieve alone. Self-interest and interdependence are central properties of...

APHORISMS AND CLICHES: The Generation and Dissipation of Conceptual Charisma.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION We chase the interesting, which continually eludes us; we are chased by boredom, which continually catches us. The first criterion by which people judge anything they encounter, even before deciding whether it is true or...

THE DARK SIDE OF ORGANIZATIONS: Mistake, Misconduct, and Disaster.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Weber warned that a society dominated by organizations imbued with legal-rational authority would suffer negative consequences. Tracing that historic transformation, Coleman (1974) affirmed Weberian pessimism. He observed...

FEMINIZATION AND JUVENILIZATION OF POVERTY: Trends, Relative Risks, Causes, and Consequences.(Statistical Data Included)
January 1, 1999... This paper reviews trends in "feminization" and "juvenilization" of poverty showing that the relative risks of poverty increased for women in the 1970s but decreased for working-age women in the early 1980s. Relative risks of poverty increased...

THE DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF WORKPLACE SEX AND RACE COMPOSITION.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Almost 20 years ago, Baron & Bielby (1980) appealed to researchers studying stratification in labor markets to "bring the firm back in." "Firms," they argued, "link the 'macro' and 'micro' dimensions of work organization...

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND CURRENT CONTROVERSIES IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF RELIGION.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION The sociology of religion is experiencing a period of substantial organizational and intellectual progress. Social scientific organizations devoted to the study of religion have experienced unprecedented growth in meetings...

CULTURAL CRIMINOLOGY.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION The concept of "cultural criminology" denotes both specific perspectives and broader orientations that have emerged in criminology, sociology, and criminal justice over the past few years. Most specifically, "cultural...

IS SOUTH AFRICA DIFFERENT? Sociological Comparisons and Theoretical Contributions from the Land of Apartheid.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION As everyone knows, South Africa is unique: For fifty years, it stood in the annals of social science as a monument to racial inequality. It appeared in most discussions as the place where white supremacy, authoritarian labor...

POLITICS AND INSTITUTIONALISM: Explaining Durability and Change.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Institutions endure. As a reaction against methodological individualism, technological determinism, and behavioralist models that highlight the flux of individual action or choice (March & Olsen 1989), the resurgence of...

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND STATUS ATTAINMENT.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Status attainment can be understood as a process by which individuals mobilize and invest resources for returns in socioeconomic standings. Resources in this context are defined as valued goods in society, however...

SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION AND HEALTH: The Independent Contribution of Community Socioeconomic Context [1].
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION This review introduces readers to a topic that has been receiving a phenomenal increase in attention in recent years. This area of inquiry investigates how the socioeconomic context of communities (e.g., median income,...

A RETROSPECTIVE ON THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT: Political and Intellectual Landmarks.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION What would America be like if we could turn back the clock to 1950? One thing is certain, the pre-civil rights movement era would stand in stark contrast to the America that currently exists just two years before the new...

ARTISTIC LABOR MARKETS AND CAREERS.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Artistic labor markets are puzzling and challenging ones for social scientists. As this review essay will show, theoretical work and empirical studies, stemming from various perspectives, may be brought together in order to...

PERSPECTIVES ON TECHNOLOGY AND WORK ORGANIZATION.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Among students of work organization, it is hard to imagine a topic that has generated as much interest, and as much ambivalence, as the impact of advanced technology. The interest comes from the fact that technology is...

ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION AND ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE.
January 1, 1999... ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION AND CHANGE Although many lament the absence of cumulative findings in sociology, the study of organizational innovation is one instance where consistent findings have accumulated across more than thirty years of...

INEQUALITY IN EARNINGS AT THE CLOSE OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Median income in the United States has stagnated and the distribution of income grown markedly more unequal over the past three decades, reversing a general pattern marked by earnings growth and equalization dating back to...

THE ESTIMATION OF CAUSAL EFFECTS FROM OBSERVATIONAL DATA.
January 1, 1999... INTRODUCTION Most quantitative empirical analyses are motivated by the desire to estimate the causal effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable. Although the randomized experiment is the most powerful design for this task,...