Annual Review of Sociology articles from January 1 1998

Annual Review of Sociology archives from January 1 1998

Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology.
January 1, 1998... Introduction During recent years, the concept of social capital has become one of the most popular exports from sociological theory into everyday language. Disseminated by a number of policy-oriented journals and general circulation...

Fundamentalism et al: conservative Protestants in America.
January 1, 1998... PARAMETERS OF THIS CHAPTER Defining conservative Protestantism is difficult because conservative Protestants (CPs) belong to such a jumble of different denominations and movements, and they do not agree on any one label or set of beliefs...

Network forms of organization.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION Over the past decade or so, sociological interest in network forms of organization has blossomed. Sociologists have become increasingly intrigued by the plethora of organizational configurations that fail to conform to...

Reactions toward the new minorities of Western Europe.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION The world is experiencing two major intergroup trends - massive migration and increased group conflict. An estimated 80 million migrants, almost 2% of the world's population, live permanently or for long periods of time outside...

Social memory studies: from "collective memory" to the historical sociology of mnemonic practices.
January 1, 1998... Introduction ...the time is past in which time did not matter. Modern man no longer works at what cannot be abbreviated... Paul Valery Scholars have viewed social memory narrowly as a subfield of the sociology of knowledge (Swidler &...

Computerization of the workplace.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION During the latter part of the twentieth century, the implementation of computerized technology and advanced information systems, in conjunction with related socioeconomic changes, has led to a fundamental restructuring of work...

Globalization and democracy.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION In the last several decades, the world has experienced a democratic revival. In 1974, only 39 countries (25% of the world's independent nations) were democratic. By 1996, 66% were using elections to choose their top leaders...

Social dilemmas: the anatomy of cooperation.
January 1, 1998... THE QUESTION OF COOPERATION Social dilemmas are situations in which individual rationality leads to collective irrationality. That is, individually reasonable behavior leads to a situation in which everyone is worse off than they might have...

Breakdown theories of collective action.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION Breakdown theory is the classic sociological explanation of contentious forms of collective action such as riots, rebellion, and civil violence. The crux of the theory is that these sorts of events occur when the mechanisms of...

Warmer and more social: recent developments in cognitive social psychology.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION Independent of their theoretical orientations, social psychologists agree on two basic tenets (Taylor 1997, p. 3): The first is that individual behavior is strongly influenced by the environment, especially the social...

Diffusion in organizations and social movements: from hybrid corn to poison pills.
January 1, 1998... What we really need is some new heroes in Engineering. I took that word from Deal's culture book, and I'm trying to identify the Engineering heroes. Divisional Manager (Kunda 1992, p. 100) They are making more out of this culture stuff...

Alcohol, drugs, and violence.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION That the United States leads the industrialized nations in rates of interpersonal violence is a well-documented fact (National Research Council 1993). Examples of this can be seen in the extraordinarily high rates of violent...

Commensuration as a social process.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION Consider three examples. Faculty at a well-regarded liberal arts college recently received unexpected, generous raises. Some, concerned over the disparity between their comfortable salaries and those of the college's arguably...

Measuring meaning structures.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION The cultural turn that has recently swept through much of American sociology has meant that sociologists are ever more frequently focusing on the role of symbols, meanings, texts, cultural frames, and cognitive schemas in their...

Was it worth the effort? The outcomes and consequences of social movements.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION If we trust our intuitions, the last big European cycle of protest caused such fundamental changes in the social and political structures that we are still wondering about the kind of world we are now living in. In the eyes of a...

Intermarriage and homogamy: causes, patterns, trends.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION Since the beginning of this century, sociologists have described patterns of partner choice and have tried to explain why people marry within their group (endogamy) and why people marry persons close in status (homogamy). The...

Ethnic and nationalist violence.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION The bloody dissolution of Yugoslavia, intermittently violent ethnonational conflicts on the southern periphery of the former Soviet Union, the ghastly butchery in Rwanda, and Hindu-Muslim riots in parts of India, among other...

Contemporary developments in sociological theory: current projects and conditions of possibility.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION Sociological theory has a long history of taking stock of itself. It lies among those distinctive academic specialties where a general review of the existing literature is not an occasional undertaking but part of the routine...

Using computers to analyze ethnographic field data: theoretical and practical considerations.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION Computer-assisted analysis in sociology is currently associated with the profession's constructed category of "quantitative research" rather than its constructed category of"qualitative research."(1) Statistical procedures...

Sociological work in Japan.
January 1, 1998... INTRODUCTION The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of contemporary sociology in Japan. The development of sociology in any country is closely tied to its historical events and other circumstances in the society because the objects...

Narrative analysis - or why (and how) sociologists should be interested in narrative.
January 1, 1998... Narrative is present in myth, legend, fable, tale, novella, epic, history, tragedy, drama, comedy, mime, painting (think of Carpaccio's Saint Ursula), stained glass windows, cinema, comics, news items, conversations. Moreover, under this almost...