The Journal of the American Oriental Society articles from October 1994

The Journal of the American Oriental Society archives from October 1994

Doing business for the Lord: lending on interest and written loan contracts in the Mulasarvastivada-Vinaya.
October 1, 1994... It is probably fair to say that there has been very little discussion in Western scholarship about how Indian Buddhist monasteries paid their bills. It is possible, of course, that this is in part because money and monks have had, to be sure,...

The calligrapher Chung Yu (ca. 163-230) and the demographics of a myth.
October 1, 1994... During the 1910s and 20s, Lu Pi (1878-?) collated and arranged Ming- and Ch'ing-era glosses on the primary texts of San-kuo (Three Kingdoms) history. At one point in his major opus,(1) Lu was forced to mediate a textual dispute among the past...

Dissonance and disaster in the legend of Kirta.
October 1, 1994... INTRODUCTION Since its publication in 1936, the legend of Kirta has occasioned a remarkable number of conflicting interpretations.(1) Some scholars contend that the Kirta legend contains a historical core; others believe that the Kirta...

Notes on eastern Hanafite heresiography.
October 1, 1994... Studies of early Islamic Doctrines and sects have long taken as their starting point the Sunni heresiographical literature. There is little else for scholars to work with. For the most part, the classical tradition has not allowed the earliest...

On the lives of Sakyasribhadra (?-?1225). (Kashmirian scholar)
October 1, 1994... PREAMBLE In the handsome booklet under review, David P. Jackson's versatile and prolific pen has offered us yet another treat, this time with a fine study and editions of the Tibetan texts of two biographies of the great twelfth-and...

Two Biographies of Sakyasribhadra, The Eulogy of Khro phu Lo-tsa-ba and its "Commentary" by bSod-nams-dpal-bzang-po: Texts and Variants from Two Rare Exemplars Preserved in the Bihar Research Society, Patna.
October 1, 1994... PREAMBLE In the handsome booklet under review, David P. Jackson's versatile and prolific pen has offered us yet another treat, this time with a fine study and editions of the Tibetan texts of two biographies of the great twelfth-and...

Iranians in Babylonia.
October 1, 1994... The ruling classes of the Achaemenid Empire left few texts in Old Iranian languages to record their names and concerns, so the study of Achaemenid Iranians relies on evidence in the languages of the Empire's subjects and adversaries. Greek and...

Iranians in Achaemenid Babylonia.
October 1, 1994... * This is a review article of: Iranian in Achaemenid Babylonia. By MUHAMMAD A. DANDAMAYEV. Columbia Lectures on Iranian Studeis, numbr 6. Costa Mesa, Cal.: MAZDA PUBLISHERS, 1992. Pp. xi + 241. (1) Where possible, abbrevations and citations and...

A late-Achaemenid lease from the rich collection.
October 1, 1994... The preserved text on the fragment K. 8133 includes the concluding terms of a lease of oxen with cultivating equipment (probably part of a lease that originally included farmland and workers, as well) and the beginning of the list of witnesses...

Some old Chinese words.
October 1, 1994... An important group of Chinese words with a graphemic, but no as yet explained semantic, relationship is the following (listed in Modern Mandarin and Middle Chinese): MdM dao dao shou [MC.sup.1] dau/\ dau\ sj u/...

Topos and entelechy in the ethos of reclusion in China.
October 1, 1994... In traditional "Confucian" China, the customary path to achievement was through service to the state. Yet at least since Confucius certain individuals have been acclaimed for doing just the opposite, for eschewing or withdrawing from...

Modern Persian verb stems revisited.
October 1, 1994... 1. More than a decade and a half ago I described the verb morphology of modern Persian as a six-slot string of constituents, each slot rewritten as a pair of features or as a phonological matrix(1). I The second section of that article listed...

An ancient Sudra account of the origin of castes.
October 1, 1994... The account of the origin of castes that I am reporting was part of the traditional lore recited in the early 1920s in classical Sanskrit poetry a sudra bhat belonging to a sudra enclave of a Hindu village near Khanewal and Mian Chanu in the...

A Saurashtra-English Dictionary.
October 1, 1994... Dr. Norihiko Ucida's interest in the Indo-Aryan languages began in the sixties when he wrote his thesis, "Der Chittagong Dialekt von Bengali" (1968), for Heidelberg University. He developed an interest in Hindi phonology (see esp. "Geminierte...

Monastic Debate in Tibet: A Study on the History and Structures of Bsdus Grwa Logic.
October 1, 1994... It is regrettable that, even today, the vast quantity of painstaking Japanese scholarship that is carried out in nearly every field within Buddhist Studies remains largely inaccessible to the majority of Western scholars. As a case in point,...

Sahopalambhaniyama: Struktur und Entwicklung des Schlusses von der Tatsache, daB Erkenntnis und Gegenstand ausschlieBlich zusammen wahrgenommen werden, auf deren Nichtverschiedenheit.
October 1, 1994... At the end of the first chapter of his Pramanaviniscaya (ed. T. Vetter [Vienna, 1966]; abbr. Pvin I), Dharmakirti formulates two proofs in order to establish that an object of cognition and its cognition are not different from each other. He...

Tibetan Medical Paintings: Illustrations to the Blue Beryl Treatise of Sangye Gyamtso.
October 1, 1994... The first volume of this two-volume publication includes a foreword, preface, introductions, and the seventy-six color and one black-and-white medical paintings, with relevant translations and data opposite each painting, from the Blue Beryl...

Meditation Differently: Phenomenological-Psychological Aspects of Tibetan Buddhist (Mahamudra and sNying-thig) Practices from Original Tibetan Sources.
October 1, 1994... This book contains seven chapters, and half is devoted to the seventh: the translation of a work with the abbreviated title, "The Sun's Life-Giving Force," composed by rTse-le rGod-tshongs-pa sNa-tshogs-rang-grol (sixteenth century). The...

The Analyst and the Mystic: Psychoanalytic Reflections on Religion and Mysticism.
October 1, 1994... Academically speaking, psychoanalysis is getting an increasingly bad press,(1) though I suspect it still has a fair deal of popular support. The criticism, though, is getting to the psychoanalysts. This book is an attempt to reclaim some lost...

The Hungry God: Hindu Tales of Filicide and Devotion.
October 1, 1994... David Shulman has written a disturbing, yet surprisingly lyrical, book about a haunting narrative motif: the father who sacrifices his son in response to a seemingly inscrutable divine command. Although the book begins with Shulman's...

Art of the Imperial Cholas.
October 1, 1994... This slim volume examines selected instances of the imperial patronage of Hindu temples, their buildings and sculptured imagery, in the domains of the Cholas in south India, dating from the late 10th century until ca. A.D. 1212. It is not a...

Vijayanagara.
October 1, 1994... The Vijayanagara empire of the mid-fourteenth through mid-seventeenth centuries was south India's last large state system prior to the British colonial takeover. The significance of Vijayanagara in south Indian history is manifold: it has been...

Britische Herrschaft auf indischem Boden: Landwirtschaftliche Transformation und okologische Destruktion des "Central Doab," 1801-1854.
October 1, 1994... The author describes in eight very dense chapters a dark side of British rule in India. Taking his material from the records of seven districts of the Ganges-Jumna Doab, he provides a study of the ecological consequences of the extension of...

Patrons, Devotees and Goddesses: Ritual and Power Among the Tamil Fishermen of Sri Lanka.
October 1, 1994... In "Cattiyur," a large (pop. 4321) and tightly organized fishing village located on the west coast of Sri Lanka 75 miles north of Colombo, the Hindu inhabitants, most of whom belong long to the Tamil-speaking Karaiyar fisher caste, celebrate an...

Fruhe Schrift und Techniken der Wirtschaftsverwaltung im alten Vorderen Orient: Informationsspeicherung und -verar-beitung vor 5000 Jahren.
October 1, 1994... This volume served as the catalogue for a 1990 exhibition at the Museum fur Vor- und Fruhgeschichte, Schloss Charlottenburg, Berlin. It is an important publication documenting the collection of archaic Sumerian tablets formerly owned by the...

Law, Politics and Society in the Ancient Mediterranean World.
October 1, 1994... The eleven essays in this volume were delivered as part of the inaugural York University Seminar for Advanced Research; they constitute part of the 1988 Gerstein Lectures at York University. The seminar represented an attempt to promote...

Town and Country in Southeastern Anatolia, 2 vols.
October 1, 1994... Like the majority of archaeological field projects conducted in eastern Turkey and Syro-mesopotamia these days, the Kurban Hoyuk expedition was part of a salvage operation, one of a string of such projects undertaken along the Euphrates in...

Die chronologische Fixierung des agyptischen Mittleren Reiches nach dem Tempelarchiv von Illahun.
October 1, 1994... Almost a century ago, two large caches of papyri and fragments were discovered in the funerary temple of Sesostfis ll at Lahun. One, known as the Petrie Papyri, was published almost immediately; the other, mostly in Berlin, has never been fully...

Masking the Blow: The Scene of Representation in Late Prehistoric Egyptian Art.
October 1, 1994... Davis examines the best-known Egyptian late prehistoric objects, including ivory knife handles and the larger palettes, in respect to positions of animals and human figures in narrative representation. The basic outline is contained in an...

The Formation of Nabatean Art: Prohibition of a Graven Image Among the Nabateans.
October 1, 1994... This slender volume is a thorough, well-documented, rich study of Nabatean art viewed against the background of conflicting native and foreign cultural forces which influenced it. three three central thrusts of the book are: 1) an attempt to...

Catalogue of the Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum, vol. 8.
October 1, 1994... The volume under review is the third and final catalogue of cuneiform tablets excavated by Hormuzd Rassam at Sippar from 1882 to 1895 or acquired by E. A. W. Budge during the same period. One group of texts comes from Tell ed-Der located near...

Houses and Their Furnishings in Bronze Age Palestine: Domestic Activity Areas and Artefact Distribution in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages.
October 1, 1994... This volume was first submitted as a doctoral dissertation to the Department of Near Eastern Studies at the University of Toronto, under the supervision of Professor John S. Holladay, Jr. Like many dissertations, it is an extension of a good...

People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines.
October 1, 1994... Professors Trude and Moshe Dothan are two of Israel's best-known and most colorful archaeologists. She was long associated with the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and he with the University of Haifa and the Israel Department of Antiquities,...

The Function of the Niphal in Biblical Hebrew: In Relationship to Other Passive-Reflexive Verbal Stems and to the Pual and Hophal in Particular.
October 1, 1994... Although the Semitic D stem has received much attention in recent years, the N stem has not. P. A. Siebesma's monograph is a welcome effort at filling this lacuna. Outside of the summary discussions in the standard grammars, only two...

Empire to Commonwealth: Consequences of Monotheism in Late Antiquity.
October 1, 1994... The challenging and far-reaching thesis of this book is that the medieval European and west Asian world was dominated by three commonwealths born in and descended from late antiquity - the Islamic, the Second Byzantine in Slavic Eastern Europe,...

Jews and Christians: The Parting of the Ways, A.D. 70 to 135.
October 1, 1994... This collection of thirteen papers delivered at the University of Durham commemorates the centenary of the death of the Bishop of Durham, Joseph B. Lightfoot, who, in his famous debates with F. C. Baur, agreed that the most important issue in...

Messiah and Christos: Studies in the Jewish Origins of Christianity Presented to David Flusser on the Occasion of His Seventy-Fifth Birthday.
October 1, 1994... Given that the main purpose of these sixteen essays is to honor David Flusser (p. vi), they treat their subject with a remarkable coherence. Zwi Werblowsky's opening essay on "Jewish Messianism in Comparative Perspective" (pp. 1-13)...

Muqarnas: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture, vol. 5.
October 1, 1994... The issues of this journal are not always thematic, but serve as a reliable annual on Islamic and even non-Islamic research. This volume includes articles on different aspects of Islamic art in Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and India. Eleven...

The Tao of Islam: A Sourcebook on Gender Relationships in Islamic Thought.
October 1, 1994... As the title suggests, this volume undertakes to look at certain fundamental aspects of the Islamic tradition from the perspective of Far Eastern symbolism, an Orientalism, as it were, that does not proceed from a European basis. The author, an...

Divorce in the Libyan Family: A Study Based on the sijills of the Sharia Courts of Ajdabiyya and Kufra.
October 1, 1994... This study provides a welcome addition to the growing number of works on the practice of Islamic law in the twentieth century. It is based on two sets of legal records (sijill) from sharfa courts in Cyrenaica: those of the town of Ajdabiyya in...

Chapters on Marriage and Divorce: Responses of Ibn Hanbal and Ibn Rahwayh.
October 1, 1994... The responses on marriage and divorce of Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Hanbal (d. 241/855) and Ishaq b. Ibrahim b. Makhlad, known as Ibn Rahwayh (d. 238/853), are here presented in a dependable translation by Susan Spectorsky. The translated text is...

The Political Aspects of Islamic Philosophy: Essays in Honor of Muhsin S. Mahdi.
October 1, 1994... This volume consists of nine essays written in honor of Muhsin S. Mahdi, James Richard Jewett Professor of Arabic at Harvard University, by his former students. It is a tribute to the "dean of Islamic Philosophy", a scholar who has created a...

Theologie und Gesellschaft im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert Hidschra: Eine Geschichte des religiosen Denkens im fruhen Islam, 2 vols.
October 1, 1994... Here at length we have the first parts of the Sheikh Yusuf's long awaited magnum opus. Its preparation has extended over many years during which the data concerning several of the major elements were gathered, sifted, and examined in a series...

Die Anfange der islamischen Jurisprudenz: Ihre Entwicklung in Mekka bis zur Mitte des 2./8. Jahrhunderts.
October 1, 1994... Since the publication of Schacht's The Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence in 1950 various contributions to the subject have appeared in the West, most of them in support of Schacht's views on the formation of Islamic jurisprudence. Motzki's...

The Composition of Mutanabbi's Panegyrics to Sayf al-Dawla.
October 1, 1994... Studies on the composition and style of classical Arabic poetry are rare, and even a major poet like al-Mutanabbi, and an important genre like the madih are still insufficiently known as to techniques of composition and thematic patterns....

Die Plejaden in den Vergleichen der arabischen Dichtung.
October 1, 1994... There are many important and striking features of classical Arabic poetry about which the scholar and enthusiast entertains, at best, a faint and all too often muddled impression. Thus it is frequently impossible to distinguish, with...

Nur Jahan: Empress of Mughal India.
October 1, 1994... Gossip was a popular form of entertainment long before the tabloid press or Geraldo Rivera. The personal lives of Mughal dynasts, their sisters, mothers, wives and aunts, were a prodigious source of tittle-tattle. Some of the idle chatter may...

The Golden Disk of Heaven: Metalwork of Timurid Iran.
October 1, 1994... The past few years have seen a spate of studies on the arts and culture of Iran and Central Asia during the fifteenth century, as well as a number of publications on Islamic metalwork. This book joins these two flourishing research fields and...

The Green Crescent Under the Red Star: Enver Pasha in Soviet Russia, 1919-1922.
October 1, 1994... Enver Pasha is possibly the most enigmatic and romantic figure the Muslim world has produced in the 20th century. Enver was the leader of the Young Turk triumvirate, consisting of himself, Cemal, and Talat, which took Turkey into the Great War...

Das Pyramidenbuch des Abu Gafar al-Idrisi (st. 649/1251).
October 1, 1994... This new publication by Ulrich Haarmann is of that rare kind that is both joy and despair to the reviewer - in particular, one who is not among the few experts concerned with the history of the pyramids. It is done so well by someone who knows...

Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule: 1517-1798.
October 1, 1994... This panoramic view of social groups in Ottoman Egypt includes an historical background and separate chapters on the ruling class, the bedouins, the ulama, the sufis, popular religion, the ashraf, the dhimmis, and a broad survey of life in...

Doppelte Heimat? Zur literarischen Produktion arabischsprachiger Immigranten in Argentinien.
October 1, 1994... The present work examines the literary production of Arabic-speaking immigrants in Argentina, focusing on the aspect of their explicit or implicit cultural connection, while investigating the question of their linguistic parentage (p. 8). The...

Gurage Studies: Collected Articles.
October 1, 1994... This book, a reprinting of fifty-five of Leslau's articles on the Semitic Gurage languages of Ethiopia, is, perhaps, after his 1979 Etymological Dictionary of Gurage (reviewed in this journal: 102.2 [1982]), his most valuable work to date. The...

Studies in the History of Arabic Grammar, vol. 2: Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium on the History of Arabic Grammar, Nijmegen, 27 April-1 May 1987.
October 1, 1994... This volume contains the proceedings of the second Symposium on the History of Arabic Grammar, held at Nijmegen in 1987. There are twenty-two contributions, mostly fairly brief, suggesting that they represent the papers as actually delivered,...