American Political Science Review articles from September 1993

American Political Science Review archives from September 1993

Beyond Tocqueville, Myrdal, and Hartz: the multiple traditions in America. (Louis Hartz, Gunnar Myrdal)
September 1, 1993... Analysts of American politics since Tocqueville have seen the nation as a paradigmatic "liberal democratic" society, shaped most by the comparatively free and equal conditions and the Enlightenment ideals said to have prevailed at its founding....

Dictatorship, democracy, and development.
September 1, 1993... Under anarchy, uncoordinated competitive theft by "roving bandits" destroys the incentive to invest and produce leaving little for either the population or the bandits. Both can be better off if a bandit sets himself up as a dictator - a...

Tolerating economic reform: popular support for transition to a free market in the former Soviet Union.
September 1, 1993... The mass public in the Soviet Union is not enthusiastic about free-market reform. How, then, do citizens in a former communist regime develop an appreciation for free-market reforms? Different explanations for attitudes toward free market...

The escalation of great power militarized disputes: testing rational deterrence theory and structural realism.
September 1, 1993... Realism has been the dominant paradigm in the study of international conflict. Within this paradigm, two leading alternative approaches have been deterrence theory and structural realism. We test the relative explanatory power of these two...

Endogenous preferences and the study of institutions.
September 1, 1993... The assumption that individual preferences, or attitudes, are fixed and exogenously determined is central to many studies of political and economic institutions, such as markets and elections. We present a Bayesian model of adaptive preferences...

The destruction of issue monopolies in Congress.
September 1, 1993... Scholars studying congressional committees have noted the potential for members to seek membership on particular committees, leading to bias. Underpinning this line of scholarship is what might be termed a theory of comparative committee...

Women's associations and the enactment of mothers' pensions in the United States.
September 1, 1993... Mothers' pensions were the first explicit welfare benefits established outside of poor relief in the United States. Contrary to established wisdom in political science, their enabling statutes spread very quickly across most states in the...

Establishing the micro foundations of a macro theory: information, movers, and the competitive local market for public goods.
September 1, 1993... The Tiebout model of competition in the local market for public goods is an important and controversial theory. The current debate revolves around the apparent disparity between macro empirical studies that show greater efficiency in the supply...

Lawyers, organized interests, and the law of obscenity: agenda setting in the Supreme Court.
September 1, 1993... Each year thousands of cases and litigants come to the Supreme Court. How can the Court find the most important cases to decide? The law of obscenity illustrates particularly well the Court's problem as it constructs its plenary agenda. Using...

The relative-gains problem for international cooperation. (Letter to the Editor)
September 1, 1993... Modern realism claims that the fear that others will enjoy relatively greater benefits frequently impedes international cooperation. Recent articles in this Review by Duncan Snidal and Robert Powell modeled conditions under which the impact of...

The relative-gains problem for international cooperation: response. (response to article by Joseph Grieco in this issue, p. 729-735) (Letter to the Editor)
September 1, 1993... In his discussion of my essay, Grieco raises one major concern. He believes that my specification of "the range of causes of state concerns about relative gains" (Powell 1991, 2) is too narrow. Whereas my analysis emphasizes the importance of...

The relative-gains problem for international cooperation. (response to an article by Joseph Greico in this issue, p. 729-735)
September 1, 1993... Joseph Grieco incorrectly believes that the argument in my paper (Snidal 1991a) depends critically on special assumptions such as constant returns to scale, equality of payoffs or symmetry. In fact, the central result that bothers him is driven...

Party platforms, mandates, and government spending. (response to article by Ian Budge and Richard Hofferbert, American Political Science Review, 1990) (Letter to the Editor)
September 1, 1993... In their 1990 Review article, Ian Budge and Richard Hofferbert analyzed the relationship between art, platform emphases, control of the White House, and national government spending priorities, reporting strong evidence of a party mandate"...

What's the Matter with Liberalism?
September 1, 1993... These authors have contributed lively polemics against liberal moral theory. Both attack the commitment to neutrality in contemporary liberalism, which involves the refusal to take a stand on the question of the good life. Budziszewski sees his...

True Tolerance: Liberalism and the Necessity of Judgment.
September 1, 1993... These authors have contributed lively polemics against liberal moral theory. Both attack the commitment to neutrality in contemporary liberalism, which involves the refusal to take a stand on the question of the good life. Budziszewski sees his...

Politics, Gender, and Genre: The Political Thought of Christine de Pizan.
September 1, 1993... Each of these works contributes, in distinctive and related ways, to the project of discerning and constructing lineages of modem feminism. Although the term feminism did not appear until 1892, its relatively recent linguistic coinage does not...

Democracy Without Women: Feminism and the Rise of Liberal Individualism in France.
September 1, 1993... Each of these works contributes, in distinctive and related ways, to the project of discerning and constructing lineages of modem feminism. Although the term feminism did not appear until 1892, its relatively recent linguistic coinage does not...

Secession: The Morality of Political Divorce from Fort Sumter to Lithuania and Quebec.
September 1, 1993... Secession addresses a problem that, Buchanan thinks, cuts to the heart of liberalism's universalism and its exclusive focus on individual interests and rights (p. 8). If a group can better secure its interests (broadly conceived) by secession...

A Communitarian Defense of Liberalism: Emile Durkheim and Contemporary Social Theory.
September 1, 1993... The theoretical strategy of this book is quite straightforward. Mark Cladis sees both sets of protagonists in the liberal-communitarian debate as addressing valuable and ineliminable aspects of our social situation, and he hopes to delimit a...

Self/Power/Other: Political Theory and Dialogical Ethics.
September 1, 1993... This is an engaging book that intricately weaves interpretations of Augustine, Foucault, and Merleau-Ponty together in order to argue for an agonistic, dialogical politics of difference. Coles's stated assumption is that our differences are...

Machiavelli in Hell.
September 1, 1993... Here are two books on Machiavelli of unusual distinction, composed by authors who have spent a good portion of their lives in loving study of a great man whom they need to understand and so do not wish to deconstruct. The wisdom resulting from...

The Machavellian Cosmos.
September 1, 1993... Here are two books on Machiavelli of unusual distinction, composed by authors who have spent a good portion of their lives in loving study of a great man whom they need to understand and so do not wish to deconstruct. The wisdom resulting from...

Environmentalism and Political Theory: Toward an Ecocentric Approach.
September 1, 1993... Most political theory still proceeds as if the human world floats free from nature. Yet arguably, environmental limits now pose the most fundamental question for both politics and political theory; and in neither realm have convincing answers...

Forbidden Grounds: The Case Against Employment Discrimination Laws.
September 1, 1993... The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and related legal pronouncements enacted a basic principle into public law which enjoyed wide public support then and now: that it is wrong and illegal to engage in first order discrimination" in certain contexts...

The Constitutional Logic of Affirmative Action.
September 1, 1993... The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and related legal pronouncements enacted a basic principle into public law which enjoyed wide public support then and now: that it is wrong and illegal to engage in first order discrimination" in certain contexts...

Affirmative Action and Justice: A Philosophical and Constitutional Inquiry.
September 1, 1993... The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and related legal pronouncements enacted a basic principle into public law which enjoyed wide public support then and now: that it is wrong and illegal to engage in first order discrimination" in certain contexts...

Choosing Justice: An Experimental Approach to Ethical Theory.
September 1, 1993... Conventional wisdom argues that the normative issues of justice are resolved by philosophical or religious discussion, not by factual descriptions of what people are like or what they actually believe. But, as these two well-presented and...

Everyday Justice: Responsibility and the Individual in Japan and the United States.
September 1, 1993... Conventional wisdom argues that the normative issues of justice are resolved by philosophical or religious discussion, not by factual descriptions of what people are like or what they actually believe. But, as these two well-presented and...

Justice by Lottery.
September 1, 1993... Imagine a world in which jobs, incomes, and housing are assigned by lottery every five years. Extremes of wealth and poverty have been eliminated, but some live more grandly than others for a time (since variety pleases) before homes and...

Rethinking Obligation: A Feminist Method for Political Theory.
September 1, 1993... Two key assumptions ground almost all liberal theories of political obligation. One is that government authority threatens the primacy of individual freedom. The other is that if we want to justify government authority, we will have to show...

Ideals as Interests in Hobbes's "Leviathan": The Power of Mind over Matter.
September 1, 1993... A significant revival in the study of Hobbes's political theory has been underway from the mid-1980s onward. One facet of this revival has been a new effort to take the text of Hobbes's masterpiece, Leviathan, seriously as a whole. Both these...

The Two Gods of "Leviathan": Thomas Hobbes on Religion and Politics.
September 1, 1993... A significant revival in the study of Hobbes's political theory has been underway from the mid-1980s onward. One facet of this revival has been a new effort to take the text of Hobbes's masterpiece, Leviathan, seriously as a whole. Both these...

Moral Differences: Truth, Justice and Conscience in a World of Conflict.
September 1, 1993... Moral philosophy, though mutually and deeply inter-twined with political philosophy, can be, and often is, practiced in such a specialized manner and made dependent on such an arcane vocabulary that it becomes virtually impenetrable to the...

Freedom and the Organizational Republic.
September 1, 1993... Preston's is the sixth volume in de Gruyter's Studies on North America Series and the first to approach matters from the perspective of the political philosopher. Specifically, Preston is anxious to examine our conceptions of freedom, and, in...

In Their Best Interest? The Case Against Equal Rights for Children.
September 1, 1993... This is a thoughtful book and, because so little has recently been written on the subject of children's rights, an important one. Hillary Clinton's now notorious articles from the 1970s spoke to a decade of theoretical concern and international...

The Heidegger Case: On Philosophy and Politics.
September 1, 1993... This volume is composed of 18 essays by Continental and Anglo-American authors; most were written for the volume. All appear for the first time in English, and those that have appeared before are not readily available even to those readers who...

Collective Action: Theory and Applications.
September 1, 1993... Todd Sandler has written a systematic review and critical analysis of the vast literature on the collective action problem produced since the publication of Mancur Olson's classic, The Logic of Collective Action (1965). The book is an...

A Vindication of Political Virtue: The Political Theory of Mary Wollstonecraft.
September 1, 1993... As one of the very few women close to the political theory canon, Mary Wollstonecraft is a figure to whom feminist scholars repeatedly refer as they work out issues central to the feminist politics of their time. Virginia Sapiro points out,...

Reasoned Freedom: John Locke and Enlightenment.
September 1, 1993... This is the third book by Peter A. Schouls of the University of Alberta on the foundations of Enlightenment rationalism as they are given in the thought of Descartes and Locke. In the first part of Reasoned Freedom, Schouls restates and...

The Lockean Theory of Rights.
September 1, 1993... John Simmons's new book is a distinguished example of a style of writing that has established itself within political theory over the past few years. The oeuvre of a canonical thinker or thinkers is presented - often with considerable textual...

The Pristine Culture of Capitalism: A Historical Essay on Old Regimes and Modern States.
September 1, 1993... "Britain may even be the most thoroughly capitalist culture in Europe" (p. 19). This single sentence encapsulates the original, provocative, and often brilliant argument at the heart of Ellen Meiksins Wood's new book. In advancing this...

Administrative Law in a Global Era.
September 1, 1993... Public administration is arguably the most diverse or ill-defined subdiscipline in political science. (Some, of course, view it as a separate discipline.) The three books reviewed here are illustrative of that diversity in their subject matter....

Shadow Government: The Hidden World of Public Authorities - and How They Control over $1 Trillion of Your Money.
September 1, 1993... Public administration is arguably the most diverse or ill-defined subdiscipline in political science. (Some, of course, view it as a separate discipline.) The three books reviewed here are illustrative of that diversity in their subject matter....

Executive Leadership in the Public Service.
September 1, 1993... Public administration is arguably the most diverse or ill-defined subdiscipline in political science. (Some, of course, view it as a separate discipline.) The three books reviewed here are illustrative of that diversity in their subject matter....

Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate.
September 1, 1993... Clint Eastwood's make-my-day approach to the bad guys, if applied to regulatory enforcement, might provide temporary satisfaction to those wishing to limit the environmental and health harms traced to corporate misconduct. Unfortunately,...

Conflicting Loyalties: Law and Politics in the Attorney General's Office, 1789-1990.
September 1, 1993... Sometimes patience, an indispensable virtue in the scholar's enterprise, has rewards unforeseen even for political scientists, who are fortunate if their work can avoid the profession's notorious Bermuda triangle, that indeterminable period...

Independent Justice: The Federal Special Prosecutor in American Politics.
September 1, 1993... Sometimes patience, an indispensable virtue in the scholar's enterprise, has rewards unforeseen even for political scientists, who are fortunate if their work can avoid the profession's notorious Bermuda triangle, that indeterminable period...

The Solicitor General: The Politics of Law.
September 1, 1993... Sometimes patience, an indispensable virtue in the scholar's enterprise, has rewards unforeseen even for political scientists, who are fortunate if their work can avoid the profession's notorious Bermuda triangle, that indeterminable period...

Breaking Through Bureaucracy: A New Vision for Managing in Government.
September 1, 1993... Barzelay aims Breaking through Bureaucracy as a torpedo below the waterline of public administration. Traditional approaches to bureaucracy, he argues, have undermined the effectiveness, efficiency, responsiveness, and political support of...

Revolutionary Sparks: Freedom of Expression in Modern America.
September 1, 1993... The civil libertarian history of free speech has a distinguished scholarly heritage. From Leon Whipple and Zechariah Chafee, Jr. to Harry Kalven, Paul Murphy, and Lucas Powe, proponents of broad First Amendment rights have penned distinguished...

The Institutional Presidency.
September 1, 1993... Studies of the presidential stall according to Burke, fall into two categories: those emphasizing the institutional features of presidential staffing that transcend administrations and those that focus on the different managerial styles and...

Segregrated Sisterhood: Racism and the Politics of American Feminism.
September 1, 1993... The title of this book may suggest that its intended audience is solely feminists, specifically American feminists, and that its topical concern is white racism in feminist theory. Such an impression would overlook related themes that animate...

Support for the American Welfare State: The Views of Congress and the Public.
September 1, 1993... The United States is, it is widely agreed, something of a welfare state laggard. Social policies were inaugurated later here than in many other western countries, they remained smaller, and they suffered more during the attack the welfare state...

Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States.
September 1, 1993... The United States is, it is widely agreed, something of a welfare state laggard. Social policies were inaugurated later here than in many other western countries, they remained smaller, and they suffered more during the attack the welfare state...

Political Questions/Judicial Answers: Does the Rule of Law Apply to Foreign Affairs?
September 1, 1993... In a book remarkable for its compactness, Franck criticizes the U.S. courts abdicating their constitutional role in cases involving foreign affairs. Federal courts frequently announce that disputes over war powers and foreign relations are...

The Supreme Court and Partisan Realignment: A Macro- and Microlevel Perspective.
September 1, 1993... For scholars of legal processes, the New Deal period was more than a significant event. It was of vast importance to the development of the field of inquiry. Prior to that time, political scientists tended to view the Supreme Court as a...

The Judicial Response to the New Deal: The U.S. Supreme Court and Economic Regulation, 1934-1936.
September 1, 1993... For scholars of legal processes, the New Deal period was more than a significant event. It was of vast importance to the development of the field of inquiry. Prior to that time, political scientists tended to view the Supreme Court as a...

Labor's Capital: The Economics and Politics of Private Pensions.
September 1, 1993... Pension funds constitute one of the most important pillars of the U.S. economy, with pension funds owning two-fifths of all bonds and one-quarter of total equity. Millions of workers depend on expected pension income to supplement their social...

Controversies in Minority Voting: The Voting Rights Act in Perspective.
September 1, 1993... Asked in the final days of his presidency what he thought his most important accomplishment, Lyndon Baines Johnson replied it was when he signed the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Few disagree. Indeed, the act may be one of the most important pieces...

Dirty Politics: Deception, Distraction, and Democracy.
September 1, 1993... These two books represent different perspectives in the ongoing debate about how to define and observe communication and its effects. For several years now, communication scholars have been embroiled in how (and whether) to bridge the gap...

Common Knowledge: News and the Construction of Political Meaning.
September 1, 1993... These two books represent different perspectives in the ongoing debate about how to define and observe communication and its effects. For several years now, communication scholars have been embroiled in how (and whether) to bridge the gap...

Institutional Change, Discretion, and the Making of Modern Congress: An Economic Interpretation.
September 1, 1993... In the two decades since the publication of David Mayhew's The Electoral Connection (1974), the assumption that incumbent members of Congress seek to maximize their prospects for reelection has become as firmly ensconced in the field of...

The Poverty of American Politics: A Theoretical Interpretation.
September 1, 1993... Reading these two fine books gives tremendous stimulation to one's thinking about the ideas that underlie American politics. They are starkly different in tone. Where Wills is powerfully celebratory, Roelofs is severe and relentlessly...

Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America.
September 1, 1993... Reading these two fine books gives tremendous stimulation to one's thinking about the ideas that underlie American politics. They are starkly different in tone. Where Wills is powerfully celebratory, Roelofs is severe and relentlessly...

As Far as Republican Principles Will Admit: Essays by Martin Diamond.
September 1, 1993... This book brings together - and makes clear - the two remarkable ways Martin Diamond contributed to the political science profession, broadly understood. First, he played a major role in the reassessment of the nature and ideology of the...

Race, Class, and Culture: A Study in Afro-American Mass Opinion.
September 1, 1993... With Race, Class, and Culture, Robert C. Smith and Richard Seltzer make a significant contribution to the debate over the importance of race and class in determining the attitudes and behavior of blacks. They use survey data from the 1980s to...

British Parliamentary Parties: Policy and Power.
September 1, 1993... In a seminal article published in the inaugural issue of Legislative Studies Quarterly in 1976, Anthony King identified several modes of executive-legislative relationships. One that he deemed especially important in the British House of...

Generals in the Palacio: The Military in Modern Mexico.
September 1, 1993... This is probably the most up-to-date and analytical, but mainly sociological, study of Mexican generals and politics that we have today. The author's research and methodology are impressively comprehensive, as are his efforts to analyze the...

Power in Africa: An Essay in Political Interpretation.
September 1, 1993... Patrick Chabal, Reader in History and Politics of Africa at King's College, University of London, states at the outset that it is "an old fashioned book" aimed at stimulating a "debate about the interpretation of politics in post-colonial...

Reform and Transformation in Eastern Europe: Soviet-type Economics on the Threshold of Change.
September 1, 1993... Both of these books address, directly or indirectly, the central event of our times - the transition from communist rule in the former Soviet Union and East Central Europe. There has been no shortage in the discussion so far of rival versions...

Dismantling Communism: Common Causes and Regional Variations.
September 1, 1993... Both of these books address, directly or indirectly, the central event of our times - the transition from communist rule in the former Soviet Union and East Central Europe. There has been no shortage in the discussion so far of rival versions...

Letting the People Decide: Dynamics of a Canadian Election.
September 1, 1993... This book about an election opens like a suspense novel: "On July 20, 1988, John Turner... took the biggest gamble of his career." Will the gamble pay off or ruin the gambler? Most of us probably do not follow Canadian politics enough to know...

The Collapse of State Socialism: The Case of Poland.
September 1, 1993... For several reasons, the collapse of communism and the recent transitions in Poland have received a great deal of scholarly attention in the last few years. The post-world War II political history of the country is replete with social...

The Roots of Solidarity: A Political Sociology of Poland's Working Class Democratization.
September 1, 1993... For several reasons, the collapse of communism and the recent transitions in Poland have received a great deal of scholarly attention in the last few years. The post-world War H political history of the country is replete with social movements,...

The Dynamics of the Breakthrough in Eastern Europe: The Polish Experience.
September 1, 1993... For several reasons, the collapse of communism and the recent transitions in Poland have received a great deal of scholarly attention in the last few years. The post-world War II political history of the country is replete with social...

Economic Rationalism in Canberra: A Nation-Building State Changes Its Mind.
September 1, 1993... This book is designed as both an analysis and critique of economic rationalism among the senior executives of the Australian federal public service and the broader implications of its influence on state and society. The larger of the book's two...

Social Mobility and Political Attitudes: Comparative Perspectives.
September 1, 1993... This is a series of excellent studies about a very important subject, the effect of social mobility on political attitudes in ten contemporary nations - not including the six East European ones claimed by the dust jacket. It presents relevant...

Free Movement: Ethical Issues in the Transnational Migration of People and of Money.
September 1, 1993... This book considers two transnational movements in international justice: that of people and that of income and wealth. Often considered separately, questions about immigration policy and about a state's international distributive rights and...

Soviet Strategic Arms Policy Before SALT.
September 1, 1993... For much of the period between the late 1940s, when a distinctly Soviet variant of comparative politics first emerged within American political science, and the present, experienced observers of the Soviet political scene have frequently found...

Black Earth, Red Star: A History of Soviet Security Policy, 1917-1991.
September 1, 1993... For much of the period between the late 1940s, when a distinctly Soviet variant of comparative politics first emerged within American political science, and the present, experienced observers of the Soviet political scene have frequently found...

War and Reason: Domestic and International Imperatives.
September 1, 1993... War and Reason is an important book that merits special attention and dose scrutiny from the international relations research community. Using recent advances in non-cooperative game theory, Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman explore the theoretical...

Rival Capitalists: International Competitiveness in the United States, Japan, and Western Europe.
September 1, 1993... In these two new books, Jeffrey Hart, John Stopford, and Susan Strange carry the argument about "competitiveness" further - though the Stopford-Strange volume is as concerned with the competitiveness of firms as it is of nations. The two works...

Rival States, Rival Firms: Competition for World Market Shares.
September 1, 1993... In these two new books, Jeffrey Hart, John Stopford, and Susan Strange carry the argument about "competitiveness" further - though the Stopford-Strange volume is as concerned with the competitiveness of firms as it is of nations. The two works...

Analogies at War: Korea, Munich, Dien Bien Phu, and the Vietnam Decisions of 1965.
September 1, 1993... These two otherwise dissimilar books are part of a growing literature exploring the role of "ideas" in shaping government policy. Santoro posits that national security and interdependence - the principles that guided and legitimized U.S. Cold...