American Political Science Review articles from December 1993

American Political Science Review archives from December 1993

Conceptual "stretching" revisited: adapting categories in comparative analysis.
December 1, 1993... Stable concepts and a shared understanding of categories(1) are routinely viewed as a foundation of any research community. Yet ambiguity, confusion, and disputes about categories are common in the social sciences. A major source of this...

Incentives to cultivate favored minorities under alternative electoral systems.
December 1, 1993... degree to which they may encourage candidates to create inequalities among the voters by favoring some voters at the expense of others. For a full comparison of electoral systems, we must consider other models emphasizing other attributes of...

Policy, institutions, and coalition avoidance: Norwegian governments, 1945-1990.
December 1, 1993... newer parties have published more unconventional programs. In its first electoral contest (1973), Anders Lange's party thus produced only a one-page legislative program. Likewise, the Socialist Electoral Alliance of 1973 issued a nontraditional...

Addressing the political exception: Machiavelli's "accidents" and the mixed regime. (Niccolo Machiavelli)
December 1, 1993... most explicitly with Machiavelli's other expressions of contingency, such as chance (caso) and accidents (accidenti). As will become clear, while I do not support Strauss's strategy of grouping these words into a particular scheme that supposedly...

Utility, property, and political participation: James Mill on democratic reform.
December 1, 1993... in the Supplement to the 4th, 5th & 6th editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica (1816-1824) and reprinted in James Mill: Essays & Etc. Mill, James. 1824a. "Periodical Literature: Edinburgh Review." Westminster Review 1:206-49. Mill, James....

Antonin Scalia, William Brennan, and the politics of expression: a study of legal violence and repression.
December 1, 1993... verbally to interrupt a police officer investigating a situation on a public street. He deemed the law to be overbroad and vague because it stifled criticism of a public official, rather narrowly serving a legitimate governmental interest in the...

An analysis of congressional career decisions, 1947-1986.
December 1, 1993... reelection or higher office. Continuing down the table, we see that favorable values of the variables registering the nature of the opportunities for higher office obviously exert a strong impact upon |P.sub.3~. Interestingly, the effects of the...

Government partisanship, labor organization, and macroeconomic performance: a corrigendum. (comment on an article by R. Michael Alvarez, Geoffrey Garrett and Peter Lange, American Political Science Review, vol.85, p.539, 1991)
December 1, 1993... In a study of cross-validation using a model and data from Alvarez, Garrett and Lange (1991) (hereinafter AGL), Beck and Katz (1992) revealed a problem with the earlier statistical analysis. The problem is that limited data makes the procedure...

A note on the idea of the moral economy. (comment on an article by Robert Bates and Amy Curry, American Political Science Review, vol.86, p.457, 1992)
December 1, 1993... Few controversies are as long enduring as those which turn around the work of the moral economists, their counterparts in other disciplines, and their critics. Indeed, at the very beginning of Western reflection on politics, Aristotle flamed the...

Electoral competition in the American states.
December 1, 1993... Electoral competition in the American states has generated more debate and research than perhaps any other concept in the field of American state politics. The interest in competition began with the regional studies of Key (1949) and Lockard...

The impact of the Gulf War on the ingredients of presidential evaluations: multidimensional effects of political involvement.
December 1, 1993... Note: Number of Cases = 1,090. a American Indian, Alaskan, Asian, or Pacific Islander Notes This paper was presented at the National Election Studies Conference on the Political Consequences of War held at the Brookings Institution,...

Inequality and political violence revisited. (comment on an article by Edward N. Muller and Mitchell A. Seligson, American Political Science Review, vol.81, p.425, 1987)
December 1, 1993... semirepressive regime, and negative sanctions per one million in 1973-77 and in 1968-72. In addition, there are two variables of land inequality: agrarian inequality and landlessness. For details, see Muller and Seligson 1987. Data are provided...

Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality.
December 1, 1993... These two books consider a number of foundational issues in game theory having to do with common knowledge and rationality. Robert Koons is concerned with these issues primarily in relation to equilibrium concepts--such as subgame...

The Politics of Irony: Essays in Self-Betrayal.
December 1, 1993... This collection of essays is important because it addresses the crucial but elusive concept of irony. Each essay--and the collection as a whole--is first-rate, because irony in political thought and politics is investigated, rather than...

The Common Mind: An Essay on Psychology, Society, and Politics.
December 1, 1993... The disagreements between liberals and communitarians, which are partially about the differences between holism and atomism, are now so well rehearsed that they have become more tiresome than instructive. What is needed is work that sifts these...

Democracy and Complexity: A Realist Approach.
December 1, 1993... These two books address, from different perspectives, a central issue of contemporary democratic theory: How are we to understand democratic politics at a time when the society that democracy has to govern appears increasingly fragmented into a...

The Public and the Private in Aristotle's Political Philosophy.
December 1, 1993... These two studies--both eminently worth reading--have several points in common. Both Mary Nichols and Judith Swanson are sympathetic readers of Aristotle who seek to make sense of his texts without denying their difficulty and ambiguity. Both...

The Quality of Life.
December 1, 1993... This plump volume records the proceedings of a conference held at Helsinki in 1988, under sponsorship of the UN's World Institute for Development Economics Research (WIDER). We are told on the fly sheet that WIDER's purpose "is to help identify...

Economic Rights.
December 1, 1993... This is a collection of papers from a conference organized in San Diego in 1990 by the Social Philosophy and Policy Foundation (based in Bowling Green, Ohio). The papers address the nature and justification of various claims about economic...

Time, Labour, and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory.
December 1, 1993... Long in the making, Moishe Postone's magnum opus has arrived at an appropriate moment. Marxian social analysis has fallen on hard times, dragged down by the welcome demise of the quaintly termed "formerly existing socialist societies." But the...

Political Liberalism.
December 1, 1993... John Rawls, the outstanding political philosopher of the century, has here compiled, mostly in considerably revised form, the lectures that contain his thinking about justice since A Theory of Justice (1971). In that most influential book, he...

Punishment: Theory and Practice.
December 1, 1993... Law professor Robert Cover reintroduced the community of legal academics to the Weberian proposition that law should be understood as the institution embodying the state's monopoly of legitimate violence. The essays in Law's Violence explore how...

Senate Elections.
December 1, 1993... This is a curious book. It is about elections but not primarily about voters. It is published by a university press and has some findings that will be of interest to the scholarly community, yet its primary audience seems to be advanced...

The Budget-maximizing Bureaucrat: Appraisals and Evidence.
December 1, 1993... In this volume, Blais and Dion assemble eleven essays by notable authors appraising past and present research that tests William Niskanen's influential theory of budget interactions between bureaucracies and legislatures. The essays are revised...

Nonprofits for Hire: The Welfare State in the Age of Contracting.
December 1, 1993... The choice between politics and markets is a recurring concern of political scientists. In recent years, that choice has become more complicated, due to the emergence of a strong third sector--the nonprofit sector. There are now over 1.2 million...

Is America Different? A New Look at American Exceptionalism.
December 1, 1993... In his contribution to Is America Different? Daniel Bell quotes the psychologist Henry Murry: "everyone is in some sense the same as everybody else; everyone is in some sense the same as somebody else; and everyone is in some sense the same as...

Politics in Black and White: Race and Power in Los Angeles.
December 1, 1993... Richard DeLeon and Raphael Sonenshein offer important and needed studies of California's politically vanguard big cities. In the early 1970s, powerful and long-lived progressive coalitions emerged in San Francisco and Los Angeles. In the Bay...

The End of Equality.
December 1, 1993... The persistence of racism in depth and the dawning awareness that Negro demands will necessitate structural changes in society have generated a new phase of white resistance in North and South. Based on the cruel judgment that Negroes have come...

Researching the Presidency: Vital Questions, New Approaches.
December 1, 1993... Anthologies tend to be of two types. The first type reflects consensus within a field. Scholars have little difficulty agreeing that the topics discussed in the volume are the field's central concerns. The perspectives offered are also understood...

The Supreme Court and Legal Change: Abortion and the Death Penalty.
December 1, 1993... The question this book addresses--What explains changes in legal doctrine?--has attracted legal scholars in every generation. According to Epstein and Kobylka, the traditional answer--the logic of the law--has been largely replaced by behavioral...

Minority Representation and the Quest for Voting Equality.
December 1, 1993... Grofman, Handley, and Niemi have written a very useful descriptive and historical analysis of the litigation surrounding the 1965 Voting Rights Act and its subsequent amendments. The authors devote much of their discussion to explaining the...

Politics in the Lifeboat: Immigrants and the American Democratic Order.
December 1, 1993... This ambitious study expands our understanding of ethnic political incorporation in the United States. Nonetheless, the author arrives at exaggerated or indefensible conclusions about the contribution immigrants have made to American democracy....

Democratic Values and Technological Choices.
December 1, 1993... Stuart Hill has successfully used concepts from cognitive social psychology, specifically schema theory, to construct a more accurate explanation of citizen assessment of technological choices--referred to as "social process" theory. He has...

The SEC and Capital Market Regulation: The Politics of Expertise.(Brief Article)
December 1, 1993... The study of regulatory policy, like most fields in political science, is subject to intellectual trends. For decades, many scholars accepted the proposition that regulatory agencies were inept, rigid, and captured by the very interests they were...

Ideologues and Presidents: From the New Deal to the Reagan Revolution.
December 1, 1993... Regardless of how one feels about its legacy, the presidency of Ronald Reagan has excited scholarly interest like few other administrations. One of the Reagan administration's most controversial features was its intense ideologization. Thomas...

Foreshadows of the Law: Supreme Court Dissents and Constitutional Development.
December 1, 1993... This book is aimed at students, not at scholars. Its seven chapters survey major controversies in American constitutional history--slavery, economic liberties, race, freedom of speech, and the like. The author does not claim to offer new...

Changing Patterns in State Legislative Careers.
December 1, 1993... This collection of work by 15 political scientists is a fine example of contemporary research on state legislatures. As the title indicates, the volume explores how patterns have been changing, in terms of legislative careers, both electorally...

Passions and Interests: Political Party Concepts of American Democracy.
December 1, 1993... Architecture governs here: I cannot recall a scholarly book in political science with so many categories and so much interrelating of categories in so few pages. The result is a deductive rigor and tightly reasoned argument that leaves the reader...

Knowledge, Power, and the Congress.
December 1, 1993... The general theme of this edited volume is the place of knowledge in legislative politics. The 10 papers and 14 commentaries cover a variety of philosophical, historical, and policy aspects of the role of information in legislative...

Linking Citizens to Government: Interest Group Politics at Common Cause.
December 1, 1993... While an impressive array of both theoretical and empirical information has been accumulated dealing with such concerns as the collective action problem or the activities and impact of political action committees, research in the field of...

History and Context in Comparative Public Policy.
December 1, 1993... More than anything, what is manifested here is the difference between a collection of lovely essays and a lovely collection of essays. These 15 essays (a third from the editor's own pen) are grouped loosely into three sections: "In Search of...

Regulating Privacy: Data Protection and Public Policy in Europe and the United States.
December 1, 1993... Colin Bennett's Regulating Privacy is really four books in one. First, it tells the story of a substantive issue--individual privacy rights in the age of information technology--and how that issue came to be addressed in the policymaking...

How Policies Change: The Japanese Government and the Aging Society.
December 1, 1993... As the title and subtitle suggest, Campbell's densely written book pursues several goals. Why the elderly have been dealt different hands from other "policy takers" in Japan constitutes the basic research framework. But while mapping that...

Beyond the Protective State: The Political Economy of Australia's Manufacturing Industry Policy.
December 1, 1993... One of the interesting paradoxes of the 1980s is that the proponents of market liberalization had their greatest successes precisely where the institutional strength of the state was strongest, and that only states able to assert their autonomy...

Social Sciences and Modern States: National Experiences and Theoretical Crossroads.
December 1, 1993... The doctoral training of most American political scientists attends scarcely at all to the history of the discipline. Older introductory courses on the history, scope, and methods of political science have yielded to more extensive training in...

Predatory Rule: State and Civil Society in Africa.
December 1, 1993... Robert Fatton's coverage of the specificities of politics and class in Africa as well as the review and evaluation of the origins, depth, and implications of Africa's deepening crisis, provides a very refreshing departure from the more...

Peru's APRA: Parties, Politics, and the Elusive Quest for Democracy.
December 1, 1993... On April 5, 1992, Peru's eleven-year-old democracy was shattered by President Alberto Fujimori. Fujimori, who had been duly elected twenty months earlier, suspended the 1979 constitution, arrested several opposition leaders, padlocked the...

Privatization and Liberalization in the Middle East.
December 1, 1993... This collection of essays is a timely assessment of the economic reform process undertaken in most countries of the Middle East in the 1980s. While displaying a diversity of theoretical perspectives, it offers a handy summary of reforms, country...

The Challenge of Restructuring: North American Labor Movements Respond.
December 1, 1993... This is a superb collection of essays, far better than the usual conference volume. The 19 essays in this book are crisp and concise and descriptive in parallel and complementary ways, and most of them make controversial yet persuasive arguments...

For Whose Protection? Reproductive Hazards and Exclusionary Policies in the United States and Britain.
December 1, 1993... In 1978, five women who worked in the lead pigments department of the American Cyanamid Company were sterilized in order to keep their jobs. They took this drastic measure in response to American Cyanamid's "exclusionary policy." This policy...

Judicial Power and the Charter: Canada and the Paradox of Liberal Constitutionalism.
December 1, 1993... Canada's enactment in 1982 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms has predictably had a profound effect on the evolution of constitutional jurisprudence in that country. It has also provided scholars with another opportunity to explore the...

Social Corporatism: A Superior Economic System?(Brief Article)
December 1, 1993... The product of a collaborative research project by British and Finnish economists, this volume explores the economic implications of corporatist political arrangements in general, and centralized wage bargaining in particular. The volume...

Citizenship and Employment: Investigating Post-Industrial Options.
December 1, 1993... Jocelyn Pixley's book deals with one of the crucial issues of the 1990s. By the end of 1993 unemployment is forecast to reach 36 million in the OECD countries, yet there has been relatively little popular or governmental concern over the past two...

Regional Development in Communist Yugoslavia: Success, Failure, and Consequences.
December 1, 1993... Dijana Plestina has composed a cogent study which scrutinizes the origins and implications of regional economic disparity in the former Yugoslavia. She interviewed in depth and over a number of years an impressive group of 105 Yugoslav luminaries...

A Foreign Policy in Transition: Moscow's Retreat from Central America and the Caribbean, 1985-1992.
December 1, 1993... What a pleasure it is to read a thoroughly researched and well-argued book by a single author that puts Gorbachev's reconstruction of Soviet foreign policy into a timely perspective. Dr. Adams' study does far more than outline the evolution of...

Human Rights and Statistics: Getting the Record Straight.
December 1, 1993... These two volumes in the new Pennsylvania Studies in Human Rights Series could hardly be more different; but taken together, they nicely summarize the current state of theory and method in the study and advocacy of human rights. This is a...

The International Law of Occupation.
December 1, 1993... The subject of this well-researched and carefully-written book will attract a great deal of interest among those particularly interested in questions of international law or problems of military occupation; it should also attract wider attention...

Export Controls in Transition: Perspectives, Problems, and Prospects.
December 1, 1993... What are the implications of a post-Cold War world for national and multilateral export control policies? This volume, one of several produced in recent years under the auspices of the Center for East-West Trade Policy at the University of...

International Cooperation and Public Goods: Opportunities for the Western Alliance.
December 1, 1993... The application of public goods models to alliances represents more than a quarter-century's work. Starting from the original formulation by Mancur Olson and Richard Zeckhauser, a variety of tests, critiques, modifications, and extensions have...

Guarding the Guardians: Civilian Control of Nuclear Weapons in the United States.
December 1, 1993... This book--part of Cornell's noted series in security affairs--concentrates on nuclear weapons operational policy, rather than the more familiar themes of strategy or mix of forces. Who has physical control of these devices? What balance has been...

International Conflict Resolution: The U.S.-USSR and Middle East Cases.
December 1, 1993... Louis Kriesberg takes politics seriously. Peace does not come from some abstract "game" played by "actors" who adopt certain tactics suggested by group experiments. It comes, rather, through the slow accumulation of agreements, treaties, and...

Moral Vision in International Politics: The Foreign Aid Regime, 1949-1989.
December 1, 1993... This inquiry into the evolving foreign aid policies of 18 developed democracies challenges realist theory by suggesting that ethical principles, rather than the political and economic interests of donor states, best explain foreign-aid policies....

Coercive Cooperation: Explaining Multilateral Economic Sanctions.
December 1, 1993... Most studies of economic sanctions have focused on the question whether sanctions work as an instrument of coercion. Fewer studies have systematically explored one of the prerequisites for successful sanctions--the extensiveness of multilateral...

Economic Containment: CoCom and the Politics of East-West Trade.
December 1, 1993... In the post-Cold War world, both U.S. and multilateral export control policy has come into increasing disarray. The revelations that the U.S. approved the sale of embargoed items to Iraq before the Gulf War and then subsequently covered up the...

International Public Finance: A New Perspective on Global Relations.
December 1, 1993... The end of the Cold War has dramatically changed the agenda of international politics. With the virtual disappearance of a security dimension to many inter-state relations, such topics as the environment, immigration, public health, and minority...

Principled Diplomacy: Security and Rights in U.S. Foreign Policy.
December 1, 1993... Cathal J. Nolan ends this provocative study with two points that should have been in the first chapter. He finally tells the reader then (although it has long been evident) that he tends "to work out of the realist analytical tradition". Thus, it...

The Strategic Defense Initiative.
December 1, 1993... Any scholar who seeks a comprehensive and reasonably parsimonious explanation for the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) faces a daunting task. The SDI appeared more or less out of nowhere, quickly developed into a multi-billion-dollar effort...

The Suffering Grass: Superpowers and Regional Conflict in Southern Africa and the Caribbean.
December 1, 1993... Ever since the late 1950s, students of regional international politics have attempted to stimulate interest in comparative regional system analysis. The basic idea has always been that there is more to international politics than the global...