Journal of the American Dietetic Association articles from March 2001

Journal of the American Dietetic Association archives from March 2001

Changes in diet and serum lipid levels associated with olestra.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Introduction of a new fat substitute (olestra) to the US market appears to have been associated with a decrease in dietary fat intake and serum total cholesterol (TC) levels in consumers who chose to eat foods made with olestra. Subjects were...

Breast Cancer.(effect of soy intake)(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Much of the current interest in soy can be traced to early enthusiasm over the potential role of soy in reducing breast cancer risk. During the past 10 years there have been more than 10 epidemiologic studies to examine this issue and, not...

Soy and Thyroid Function: Studies Show Little Effect.
March 1, 2001... There has been much discussion of late over the possible adverse effects of soy consumption on thyroid function in both infants and adults. In fact, researchers from the National Center for Toxicology (NCTR), which is part of the U.S. Food and...

NUTRITIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON THE EYE.(Review)
March 1, 2001... Allen Taylor, PhD, ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1999. Hardcover Pp. 285. Price. $50.00. ISBN 0-8493-8565-2 Cataracts are responsible for 50% of all blindness in the world and were once believed to an inescapable consequence of aging. It...

Food, Fitness, and Fun.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Have reports of American's expanding girth and the obesity "epidemic" made food, fitness, and fun a thing of the past? Don't despair--food and being fit CAN be fun. In fact, it should be fun. Encourage kids--young and old--to succeed in a...

Body mass index and mortality among hospitalized patients.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Low body mass index (BMI) is a significant predictor of mortality among young and old hospitalized patients, even after control for clinical and functional variables. High BMI is a significant predictor of mortality among young but not old...

Garlic for treatment of hypercholesterolemia.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Meta-analysis of randomized, double-bind, placebo-controlled trials showed that garlic may be moderately more effective than placebo for reducing serum total cholesterol (TC) levels. Systematic literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE,...

Dieting and development of eating disorders in overweight and obese adults.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Concerns that dieting induces eating disorders or other psychological dysfunction in overweight and obese adults are generally not supported by empirical studies. Members of the National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity...

Intake of whole grains and risk of type 2 diabetes.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Substitution of whole-grain foods for refined-grain foods may decrease risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Participants in the Nurses' Health Study (75,521 women, aged 38 to 63 years) completed a food frequency questionnaire in 1984, 1986, and...

Type of alcohol intake and risk of mortality.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Intake of wine may decrease risk of mortality more than intake of equivalent amounts of other types of alcoholic beverages. The effect of wine intake in reducing all-cause mortality may be attributable to reductions in risk of death from...

Body mass index and risk of lung cancer in never and former smokers.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Among never and former smokers, body mass index (BMI) appears to be positively related to risk of lung cancer. Data were obtained from a population-based, case-control study conducted in New York State between 1982 and 1985. Subjects had smoked...

Nutrient and food intakes of Mexican-Americans born in Mexico vs the United States.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... The heart-healthy diet patterns of women and men born in Mexico should be encouraged among all Mexican Americans living in the United States, especially because obesity and diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent in this population group....

Nutrition and The Thyroid.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... The thyroid gland is a brownish-red butterfly shaped organ weighing about 1 ounce. It produces the protein thyroglobulin and the two thyroid hormones thyroxine, also called tetraiodothyronine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3). Throxine promotes...

Acceptability of low-fat, sugar-free cakes: Effect of providing compositional information during taste-testing.
March 1, 2001... Persons in the United States are experiencing increased incidences of obesity and heart disease associated with diets high in fat and total energy [1-3]. As awareness of these diseases increases, more Americans are recognizing the importance of...

Hot Flashes.(effect of soy)(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... There is quite a bit of interest in the potential for soy to relieve hot flashes, but thus far the results are mixed. Unfortunately, the most recent study to examine this issue showed no benefits. In this study, for six months daily,...

A Primer on Fats and Oils.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Fat Facts Not All Fats and Oils Are Created Equally Fats occur naturally in food and play an important role in nutrition. Fats and oils provide a concentrated source of energy for the body. Fats are used to store energy in the body,...

Bone Health.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Over the past few years, several short-term studies have examined the effects of soy consumption on markers of bone formation and resorption, and bone mineral density (BMD). These studies are generally only a few months in duration and so don't...

MANAGING CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS: LEADERSHIP FOR EXCELLENCE.(Review)
March 1, 2001... Josephine Martin, PhD, RD, and Martha T. Conklin, PhD, RD, Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publications; 1999. Cloth. Pp 738. Price: $65.00. ISBN 0-83420-917-9 The dietetics profession is preparing students and practitioners for the aging...

Hypoallergenic infant formulas.
March 1, 2001... The American Academy of Pediatrics is committed to breast-feeding as the ideal source of nutrition for infants. For those infants who are formula-fed, either as a supplement to breast-feeding or exclusively during their infancy, it is common...

Effects of physical activity and nutrition on prevention of obesity in children and adolescents.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... This supplement addresses various aspects of obesity prevention in children and adolescents. Articles discuss assessment of diet, body composition, physical activity level, and fitness in children and adolescents; implementation of programs and...

Diet, lifestyle and trends in coronary heart disease in women.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
March 1, 2001... Among participants in the Nurses' Health Study, reductions in cigarette smoking, improvements in diet, and an increase in use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) accounted for much of the decline in the incidence of coronary...

Breast milk vs infant formula and brainstem maturation in premature infants.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Premature infants fed breast milk appear to have faster rates of brainstem maturation than premature infants fed infant formula. Brainstem auditory-evoked responses (BAERs) were used to measure brainstem maturation in infants born between 28...

Nutritional rickets in African-American breast-fed infants.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... The authors recommend that all dark-skinned breastfed infants receive vitamin D supplements. Thirty patients were diagnosed with nutritional rickets at 2 medical centers in North Carolina between 1990 and 1999. The diagnosis of nutritional...

Influence of carbohydrate on cytokine and phagocytic responses to 2 hours of rowing.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Ingestion of carbohydrate attenuated the moderate rise in blood neutrophils, monocytes, phagocytosis, and plasma interleukin (IL)-1ra (a proinflammatory cytokine) that followed 2-hour bouts of training in elite women rowers. On 2 consecutive...

Underreporting of food intake in women in developed vs developing countries.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Underreporting of dietary intake is consistently observed in food consumption surveys and clinical studies in affluent societies; this study showed that underreporting may be less common in developing countries. Results of 24-hour food recalls...

Investigation of metabolic effects of chocolate.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Articles in this supplement discuss cultural, historical, medicinal, and ritual uses of chocolate; the bioavailability of polyphenols in chocolate; the procyanidin content of chocolate and other foods (red wine, cranberry juice, and apples);...

Supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid with [gamma]-linolenic acid prevents an increase in serum arachidonic acid.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Previous studies have shown that supplementation with [gamma]-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3 n-6) reduces generation of lipid mediators of inflammation and attenuates clinical symptoms of chronic inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis....

Safety of [beta]-hydroxy-[beta]-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplements and effects on cardiovascular risk factors.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... [beta]-Hydroxy[beta]-methylbutyrate (HMB), a metabolite of leucine, enhances the effects of exercise on muscle size and strength. Supplemental HMB is commonly used as an ergogenic aid and to help reduce wasting of muscle tissue in patients with...

Guidelines for calculation of nutrient composition ofrecipes and mixed dishes.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Nutrient composition data of mixed dishes and other prepared foods are lacking. It is not possible to analyze every dish and prepared food item, so calculation of nutrient content is still the method of choice. Best agreement of analytical and...

Safety of commercial mayonnaise, salad dressings, and sauces.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Commercial mayonnaise, salad dressings, and sauces appear to be very safe. The author reviewed published literature on the death and survival of foodborne pathogens in commercial mayonnaise, salad dressings, and sauces. The absence of reports...

Fortified breakfast cereal and plasma homocysteine.
March 1, 2001... Habitual intake of commercial fortified breakfast cereals, containing 100 to 400 [micro]g folic acid per serving, resulted in signficiant decreases in plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, as shown by the increase in plasma tHcy after...

Health benefits of conjugated linoleic acid.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a term used to denote a group of isomers of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-9,12 all cis). These isomers are called "conjugated" because, unlike linoleic acid, the 2 double bonds along their 18-carbon fatty acid chains...

Intake of specific carotenoids and risk of lung cancer.
March 1, 2001... Data from 2 cohort studies suggest that intake of several carotenoids is inversely related to risk of lung cancer. Subjects were 46,924 men who participated in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (aged 40 to 75 years in 1986) and 77,283...

Effects of childhood diet and body size on age at menarche and adolescent growth.
March 1, 2001... Dietary intake and body size influence age at menarche and growth patterns in adolescent girls. Sixty-Seven white girls in Boston, Mass, were monitored from birth during the 1930s and 1940s; heights and weights were measured and dietary history...

Energy metabolism after 2 years of energy restriction.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... In lean adults, an adaptive decrease in energy expenditure (EE) appears to occur not only in states of life-threatening under nutrition, but also in response to less severe energy restriction sustained over several years. Body composition,...

Effects of selenium deficiency.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Effects of selenium deficiency in patients with phenylketonuria on antioxidant and thyroid hormone status Subjects who follow diets low in natural proteins (good sources of selenium), eg those with phenylketonuria (PKU) or milder...

Differential oxidation of individual fatty acids.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Dietary fatty acids that are relatively more prone to oxidation may be less likely to lead to obesity than fatty acids that are more prone to storage. This study found that lauric acid (C12:0) is highly oxidized by the body and polyunsaturated...

Body composition and dietary intakes in adults with celiac disease.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Patients with celiac disease (CD), although strictly compliant with their gluten-free diet and in complete remission, have significantly lower weights, body mass indexes (BMIs) and dietary intakes than healthy control subjects. Long-term...

Alternative therapies for congestive heart failure and hypercholesterolemia.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Clinical trials using coenzyme [Q.sub.10] for management of congestive heart failure have had conflicting results; hawthorn is prescribed in Germany for treatment of this condition, but no trials have been conducted in the United States....

Vitamin supplements for prevention of heart disease and stroke.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... This article reviews the evidence on the effectiveness of supplementation with antioxidants or folic acid for prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. Observational data suggest that vitamin E has benefits against cardiovascular...

A proposed model for effective nutrition care.
March 1, 2001... This article does not necessarily reflect the views of the American Dietetic Association. This study was funded as part of the Health Services Research Task Force. The authors thank Ann Coulston, MS, RD, FADA, Chris Biesemeier, MS, RD,...

Alternative therapies for depression, diabetes, and obesity.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Natural medicine and supplements are used widely in the United States; many products carry claims of therapeutic effects but medical research does not always support their effectiveness. Clinical trials have shown that St John's wort is more...

Vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron content of federally funded preschool lunches in Virginia.
March 1, 2001... The authors thank Stephen G. Hull, Laurie Jehle, and Robert Frary for their help with this project. More and more children are being cared for outside the home at an earlier age as births increase and more women are employed in the work...

Dietary intake and energy expenditure of female collegiate swimmers during decreased training prior to competition.
March 1, 2001... Swimmers, like all athletes, require a well-balanced diet with adequate energy intake for normal daily activities and the demands of training and competition. Investigators have typically studied nutritional status of athletes during heavy or...

Inadequate folic acid intakes are prevalent among young women with neural tube defects.
March 1, 2001... This research was based on a dissertation by Dr. Susan Gross and was supported, in part, by a grant from the Maryland Chapter of the Arthritis Foundation and a training grant (MCJ-000106) from the Material and Child Bureau, Health Resources and...

Liquid meal replacement vs traditional food: A potential model for women who cannot maintain eating habit change.
March 1, 2001... At the time the study was conducted, Dana Q. Rothacker and Peter K. Ellis were paid consultants to SlimFast Foods, West Palm Beach, Fla. Clinical Research Laboratories is an independant clinical research organization with no ties to SlimFast...

Diets with either beef or plant proteins reduce risk of calcium oxalate precipitation in patients with a history of calcium kidney stones.
March 1, 2001... ABSTRACT Objective To determine the effect of substituting equal amounts of dietary protein as animal protein (beef) for plant protein (legumes, seeds, nuts, and grains) on urinary components associated with calcium oxalate precipitability...

Facilitating dietary change: The patient-centered counseling model.
March 1, 2001... ABSTRACT Recent data indicate that the patient-centered counseling model enhances long-term dietary adherence. This model facilitates change by assessing patient needs and subsequently tailoring the intervention to the patient's stage in...

Energy and macronutrient intakes of elite figure skaters.
March 1, 2001... This study was supported by a grant from the US Figure Skating Association and the US Olympic Committee. ABSTRACT Objectives Dietary guidelines for athletes emphasize complex carbohydrates. This study examined dietary intakes of elite...

Helping adolescent athletes achieve a gold-medal diet.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... As any sports dietitians and nutritionists already know, nutritional recommendations for elite, Olympic-level athletes are principally designed for young adults--even though many of the athletes competing at that level are still in their...

How do I help patients with pica?(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... The Knowledge Center recently received the question--Are there any specific guidelines for pica? According to the 2000 edition of ADA's Manual of Clinical Dietetics, pica is psychobehavioral disorder that involves abnormal craving for and...

Dietary fiber intakes and insulin requirements in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes.
March 1, 2001... ABSTRACT Objective To determine whether higher dietary fiber intake (water soluble and insoluble) is associated with lower insulin requirements and better glycemic control in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes consuming a self-selected...

Evaluating brief measures of fruit and vegetable consumption frequency and variety: Cognition, interpretation, and other measurement issues.
March 1, 2001... This work was supported by funding from US Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (contract 94-24824-0987) provided to the Division of Nutritional Sciences abornell University. The authors thank...

Dietary Reference Intakes.(Statistical Data Included)
March 1, 2001... Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine, The National Academies,...

Genetic variants, diet, and physical activity.
March 1, 2001... Editor's note: The below summary of an international conference on nutrition and fitness, held in Greece last year, reveals the global importance of this topic and promulages some universal idioms of healthy dietary habits from an ecumenical...

International Network of Dietitians in EB.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... The International Network of Dietitians in EB (INDEB) is a new group that has been established to provide a resource for dietitians working with epidermolysis bullosa patients. INDEB plans to disseminate current research information as well as...

Determining when obesity is a disease.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Obesity is a disease. It might seem obvious, but it isn't--at least not to policy makers in Washington. And not to all decision makers in the US health care system. Until we establish a national consensus that obesity is a disease and...

ERRATA.(Correction Notice)
March 1, 2001... Many astute readers noticed that a fork on the cover of January's Journal was labeled "Olesra." The correct spelling is "Olestra."

Obituaries.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... The Journal has learned of the death of the following member of the Association: Ruth Lloyd Larsen, MS, RD, a member of the ADA for 56 years, passed away on June 15, 2000. Larsen served as a professor at Skidmore College and as a...

Understanding dietary patterns essential to patient care.
March 1, 2001... Creating tailored dietary treatment systems has always been a major focus of dietetic practice. Studies have been setup to show the differences in dietary care between men and women, geographic location, and age, among dozens of other factors....

LETTERS TO THE EDITORS.(Letter to the Editor)
March 1, 2001... Genetically engineered "golden" rice unlikely to overcome vitamin A deficiency To the Editors: The suggestion that "golden" rice, bioengineered to contain [beta]-carotene [1], could have a "real impact on the health of children living...

FOOD & FITNESS: BUILD A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE National Nutrition Month[R] 2001.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... Long-term health begins with the practices that each of us implement today. As members of the American Dietetic Association our goal is to help every American Aim, Build and Choose the building blocks for good nutrition and fitness daily. ...

Dietitians can prevent listeriosis.
March 1, 2001... Counseling and advising are fundamental functions of a clinical dietitian's work. Whether through face-to-face meetings with a client at a hospital, school, or WIC clinic, or through written articles, dietitians spend a significant amount of...

Laying the foundation to build a healthy lifestyle.(Brief Article)
March 1, 2001... As you are probably already aware, March is National Nutrition Month, and our theme this year is "Food & Fitness: Build a Healthy Lifestyle" (See Jane White's President's Page, p 284). This month's Journal provides you with a solid foundation...