Waste News articles from October 2003

Waste News archives from October 2003

Speaker links gov't, sustainable procurement.(News)(Kaarin Taipale emphasizes governments' impact on businesses. )
October 13, 2003... Byline: Jim Konkoly As local and national governments look for ways to promote and finance sustainable development, sustainable procurement is one the most powerful and practical tools they can use, one expert believes. In addition,...

Glass groups to tackle multiple problems.(News)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini There are plenty of markets for recovered glass, just not for the poor-quality recovered glass coming out of many recycling systems these days, according to glass industry representatives. The Glass Manufacturing...

N.Y. paper firm first to use wind to power production; Mohawk to employ wind to make 12,000 tons of paper per year.(News)(Mohawk Paper Mills Inc.)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Cohoes, N.Y. - A New York paper company says it is the first in the nation to use wind power to fuel its manufacturing. Mohawk Paper Mills Inc. is purchasing energy created by Community Energy Inc.'s wind farm near...

Time, temperature & soot; EPA unveils system to check air quality in 100 cities.(News)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... The public in many major cities will now be able to turn on their radios and televisions or read a newspaper to receive the latest air quality forecasts year-round because of an effort announced Sept. 30 by the U.S. Environmental Protection...

Personnel.(People)(appointments)
October 13, 2003... CITY OF LOS ANGELES - Jaime Lozano named environmental specialist. DANA CORP. - Steve Slesinski promoted to director, product planning for Commercial Vehicle Systems division. DOPPSTADT U.S. - Joan Ritchie appointed sales and marketing...

That's recycling; Beverage duo putting pedal to metal, plastic.(News)(Coca-Cola Co. and Anheuser-Busch Companies Inc. recovering cans and bottles after a car racing event)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini Two of America's best-known beverage companies are trying to encourage recycling at the nation's fastest-growing spectator sport. Some 7.8 million fans attend 39 weekends of NASCAR racing at 23 racetracks around the...

Superfund rally targets oil, chemical firms.(News)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman Sen. James Jeffords, I-Vt., the ranking member of the Senate Environment Committee, held a rally with Democrats on Capitol Hill Oct. 1 to ask for the reinstatement of Superfund taxes on oil and chemical companies....

Campuses can turn to Web for compliance assistance.(News)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Elizabeth Thompson Beckley The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in July unveiled two Web-based environmental performance tools to help colleges and universities improve compliance. The virtual environmental campus...

Calendar.(Calendar)
October 13, 2003... North America Oct. 18-21 - Association of Equipment Manufacturers Annual Conference, San Francisco. Contact Heide Kraus (414)298-4143 or visit www.aem.org. Oct. 20-21 - Implementing Clean Coal Technologies, Chicago. Call (800)...

A Look Back.(happened in 1959, 1998 and 2002)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... 1959: The American Society of Civil Engineers publishes the standard guide to sanitary landfilling. To guard against rodents and odors, the guide suggests compacting refuse and covering it with a layer of soil each day. Five years ago:...

Global warming offers benefits to farmers.(News)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Global warming presents not only problems but also opportunities for the nation's farmers. The increase in atmospheric temperatures brought on by heat-trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and ozone...

More good than harm; Study: Reg benefits outweigh costs.(News)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman A White House report has found that the amount of money spent by businesses and the public to comply with major federal regulatory policies - especially environmental policies - is overshadowed by the related...

WTE shift; Barlow to replace Covanta in running Oklahoma plant.(News)(Barlow Projects Inc. takes over waste-to-energy facility)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini Barlow Projects Inc. will take over operation at the Tulsa waste-to-energy facility. Barlow Projects will replace Covanta Energy Corp. as the plant's operator. The facility can handle 1,125 tons of municipal solid...

Firm converts paper-sugar process to biomass recovery.(Products)(PureVision Technology Inc.)(related article on various recycling products briefs)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Tracy Hayhurst A technology that converted paper waste into sugars using an enzymatic process grabbed the attention of two brothers, one with a background in the waste industry, the other with financial experience. Carl and Ed...

WN adds promo manager.(News)(Elisa Galati joined Waste News)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Elisa Galati has joined Waste News as promotion manager. Galati will be responsible for developing and implementing promotional and marketing programs for the publication. She has 10 years of marketing experience. For the past two years...

Judge partly halts transfer of 'ghost' ships to England.(News)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman Environmentalists have won a partial victory in their court battle to stop the federal government from sending deteriorating ships to an England shipyard for scrapping. Judge Rosemary Collyer of the U.S....

Paper firms must pay for PCB cleanup; Project may take 2-3 years, enviromental group says.(News)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson A couple of paper companies will spend millions of dollars to pay for cleanup of sediment contaminated with PCBs in a section of the Lower Fox River in Wisconsin, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said. The...

8 senators boycott EPA confirmation hearing.(News)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman Democrats on the Senate Environment Committee said they need more information before voting on the nomination of Utah Gov. Mike Leavitt to head the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, but Republicans accused them...

Plastic-concrete wallboard solves recycling challenge.(News)(Wayne E. Gums of Guaranteed Recycling Xperts creates EcoWall of scrap electronics)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini The idea is definitely off the wall. But it could tear down the wall challenging electronics recyclers who feel walled in trying to find markets for plastic recovered from old computers, monitors and keyboards. ...

J. Schwartz.(Jerry Schwartz dies)(Brief Article)(Obituary)
October 13, 2003... Jerry Schwartz, publisher emeritus of Waste Age magazine, died Sept. 29 from internal injuries sustained in an automobile accident. He was 72. Schwartz served as publisher of Waste Age magazine from 1980 to 1998, when it was owned by the...

Correction.(Correction Notice)
October 13, 2003... * An At Deadline news item on Page 1 of the Sept. 29 issue should have identified the National Environmental Policy Act as 33 years old.

N.H. sues firms over MTBE additive.(News)(New Hampshire has filed a lawsuit against 22 petroleum and chemical companies for adding the chemical MTBE to gasoline)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman The state of New Hampshire has filed a lawsuit against 22 petroleum and chemical companies for adding the chemical MTBE to gasoline, causing widespread contamination of the state's waters. Attorney General Peter...

Wal-Mart, Target explore enviro retailing.(News)(Wal-Mart Stores Inc. and Target Corp. offer recycled-content products)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini The country's largest retailers are using their massive customer base to increase markets for recycled-content products, but consumer acceptance has been slow going. "We can show products to the customers, but if...

Losing power; Reworked energy bill excludes renewables.(News)(renewable energy portfolio standard dropped from the energy bill )(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman A renewable energy portfolio standard has been dropped from the energy bill being crafted by a House and Senate conference committee. The standard is unlikely to be restored despite a letter from 53 senators...

Safety-Kleen ends pact; Ties cut with recycling parts washer partner.(News)(SystemOne Technologies Inc.)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson SystemOne Technologies Inc. has reached a $14 million agreement with Safety-Kleen Systems Inc. to terminate a marketing and distribution agreement between the companies involving parts washers. The deal is subject...

'Fad' and arrows stick; Anderson pleased with what his creation represents.(News)(Gary Anderson)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini It was designed simply to promote recycling but ended up becoming a design recognized worldwide. The chasing-arrows Mobius loop is one of the most well-known symbols in the world, as recognizable as the International...

Colleges under environmental microscope; EPA works with universitiesnationwide on range of issues, from emissions to wastewater.(News)
October 13, 2003... An East Coast crackdown on the waste management practices of academic facilities, started in the late 1990s by regional federal regulators, has spread nationwide. "Over the past couple years, enforcement actions against colleges and...

Red-faced, red-handed; Mo. uses hidden cameras to snare dumpers.(News)(fighting illegal trash dumping in Missouri)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Trash scofflaws in Missouri take note: Somebody may be watching you, and it's not Allen Funt. The Show Me State is aiming video cameras at the state's worst illegal dumpsites in an effort to catch folks illegally...

Alltel accepts penalty, audits.(News)(Alltel Corp. will pay more than $1 million to settle alleged environmental reporting violations )
October 13, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini Alltel Corp. will pay more than $1 million and perform environmental audits at its facilities nationwide to settle alleged environmental reporting violations. The Little Rock communications and information service...

Sides reach deal in Chicago strike.
October 13, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Union workers accepted a new five-year contract with a consortium of 17 private companies in the Chicago area late last week, ending a nine-day strike that halted trash collection and left overflowing refuse. A...

Group says EPA official misled senators.(Late News)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Public Citizen, an advocacy group, released a report Oct. 9 that accuses the Bush administration of providing misleading information to senators. Jeffrey Holmstead, an assistant administrator with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,...

Wate News Pricing Report.(News)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... NEWPRINTS' STAYING POWER: Domestic recovered newspaper prices have remained constant, despite increases in exported material. Generation of newspaper is lagging behind demand, which could increase prices. Old corrugated container prices also...

Direct to recycle bin.(Opinion)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... A congressman in Colorado is proposing legislation that would seem like a no-brainer. But as is so often the case, issues that appear clear-cut are not always so. The legislation involves requiring post offices nationwide to allow local...

Court ruling favors Lexmark.(News)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini A federal judge has ruled that Lexmark International Inc.'s toner cartridge recovery program is not misleading and unfair. The Arizona Cartridge Remanufacturers Association had filed a lawsuit challenging the...

Waste Generator Briefs.(Briefs)
October 13, 2003... Air Regulations NYC residents want more 9/11 air info Washington - New York residents responding to a survey overwhelmingly said they wanted more information from the federal government regarding air quality following the Sept. 11,...

Apt punctuation.(Opinion, Fresh Kills landfill transformation)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... The story of the massive, now-closed Fresh Kills landfill goes on. Currently the city is commissioning plans to reclaim the 2,200-acre site on Staten Island to make it into a park and recreation space. City officials say there's been a...

California questions; Schwarzenegger's vague environmental policies leave business groups wondering.
October 13, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman The manufacturing community and environmentalists rarely agree, but representatives of both sides have said that it's too early to predict how the recall of Gov. Gray Davis and the election of Arnold Schwarzenegger...

Metal Mgmt. ripe for buyout.(News, Metal Management Inc.)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Byline: H. Lee Murphy Rising scrap prices and a quick rinse in bankruptcy court have transformed metal recycler Metal Management Inc. from basket case to plump buyout target. Chicago-based Metal Management, considered the largest...

Very heavy lifting ahead.(Column)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Allan Gerlat Here's a scary question: How many non-California residents could tell you today who the governor of California is but not who runs their own state? That's star power for you. Actor Arnold Schwarzenegger now takes...

Refiners agree to ax emissions.(News)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini Four oil refineries have agreed to reduce air emissions by more than 3,900 tons annually under federal and state agreements. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Justice Department announced the Clean Air...

Junk mail bill in works; Postal Service would add recycling bins.
October 13, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman A Colorado congressman is drafting legislation that would require post offices across the country to encourage the public to recycle unwanted mail by allowing local organizations to place recycling containers in...

Waste Industry Briefs.(Briefs)
October 13, 2003... Hauling Pa. agency nabs trash truck violators Pittsburgh - Operational and safety violations were found on 32 of 109 trash trucks recently inspected by Pennsylvania's Department of Environmental Protection, Department of Transportation...

Killer blueprint; NYC invests $3 million in landfill redevelopment.
October 13, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Transforming the world's largest landfill into park and recreation space is such a massive job that urban planners will spend more than $3 million just to figure out what to do with the land. Remaking Fresh Kills...

Nutrition bar maker pushes green limit; Recycled packaging, energy savings latest goals of Calif.-based company.(News)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson A major producer of energy and nutrition bars is converting to 100 percent recycled packaging for the 10 million cartons it ships to stores each year. Clif Bar Inc. of Berkeley said that all of its cartons - the...

Waste goes global.(News, Mayors' Asia-Pacific environmental summit awards)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Four of the 28 cities honored last month for completing environmental commitments at the Mayors' Asia-Pacific environmental summit: Hanoi, Vietnam: Built new waste treatment facilities, including an industrial waste landfill. ...

Where he stands.(News)(Brief Article)
October 13, 2003... Gov.-elect Schwarzenegger's environmental platform includes: * Cut air pollution statewide by as much as 50 percent; * Create a network of hydrogen fueling stations by 2010; * Insist on strong enforcement of existing environmental...

IESI Corp. buys landfill in western New York.(News)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson IESI Corp. is acquiring the largest landfill in New York state and one of the larger disposal sites in the country. The Fort Worth, Texas-based solid waste management firm has purchased Seneca Meadows landfill,...

Small hazards; N.H. seeks improved haz waste compliance from small companies.(News)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Small-quantity generators of hazardous waste in New Hampshire now fall under a self-certification program that is being phased in during the next three years. The state has created a new program aimed at improving...

Level field; DOJ tentatively OKs WMI-Allied deal.(News)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Waste Management Inc.'s proposed purchase of assets in southern Florida from Allied Waste Industries Inc. may proceed if Waste Management sells certain hauling assets, the U.S. Department of Justice said. The...

Nomination of Leavitt crawls to full Senate; Democrats threaten to stall process for EPA leader.(News)(Mike Leavitt)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Utah Gov. Mike Leavitt's snail's-pace journey toward the nation's top environmental post got another boost when a Senate committee, after weeks of delay, approved his nomination. Leavitt, President Bush's pick to...

EPA stresses cooperative stance on waste reduction; Agency will provide conservation challenge update in Nov.(News)
October 27, 2003... The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency wants to usher in a new era in waste reduction by fostering more cooperation between the agency, other governments and industry, said Barry Breen, an EPA official who was the keynote speaker at Wastecon...

Part recycling, part WTE; Firm pitches novel plan to handle NYC borough's trash.
October 27, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini New York sanitation officials are looking at an alternative technology to take responsibility for some of the trash that the city generates. Visy Paper Inc., owned by Melbourne, Australia-based Pratt Industries...

Land-applying biosolids safe, EPA says.(News)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini The federal government has made a final decision not to regulate dioxin in land-applied sewage sludge. After five years of study, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency concluded Oct. 17 that dioxin from biosolids...

The useful & the irrelevant.(Opinion)(Environmental Protection Agency allows byproducts to be recycled in same industry)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... In the regulatory world, the impact of decisions often are far from clear-cut. So it appears with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ruling regarding the treatment of some byproducts as a hazardous waste. The ruling is designed to...

EPA hazwaste plan receives mixed review.(Environmental Protection Agency)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has unveiled a long-anticipated plan to change hazardous waste management regulations to encourage the recovery of material that otherwise likely would go to landfills. ...

Waste Generator Briefs.(Briefs)
October 27, 2003... Greenhouse Emissions Mayors urge U.S. to address climate Washington - One hundred fifty mayors from across the country issued a bipartisan statement on Oct. 21 calling on the federal government to reduce the threat of global warming....

Nothing for granted; Testimony questions how EPA awards funds.(News)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman Congress should oversee efforts to reform the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's procedures for awarding grants to increase accountability and reduce the wasting of resources, according to testimony by a...

Norcal drivers back at work.(News)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Workers at Norcal Waste Systems Inc. in Los Angeles ended a six-day strike last week and were scheduled to consider a contract proposal over the weekend. About 60 drivers, helpers, mechanics and maintenance workers...

Sen. eyes Pa. landfills.(News; John Rafferty)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson A Pennsylvania legislator wants to get a lot tougher on landfills. State Sen. John Rafferty, a Republican, plans to introduce legislation to strengthen landfill rules and penalize those in violation. "Area...

Waste News Pricing Report.(News)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... (with graph Atlanta high-density polyethylene prices): HDPE IS JUMPIN': High-density polyethylene scrap prices stepped up again this month as end-users increased their buying prices to keep up with competition. In many parts of the country,...

WMI saga concludes; 2 execs to pay $4.2 million to settle charges.(Waste Management Inc.)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Two men at the center of a financial scandal that rocked the nation's largest trash hauler, Waste Management Inc., four years ago will pay millions to settle insider-trading charges with the federal government. ...

Calif. boosts deposits for beverage containers.(News)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini California will increase beverage container deposits in hopes of encouraging residents to recycle more. Gray Davis, in one of his final acts as governor of California, signed Assembly Bill 28 into law Oct. 12. The...

FASTER THAN A STALLED RECYCLING TRUCK.(News; recycling)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Superhero Michael Recycle visits Kaleida Lee at Baptist Memorial Hospital in Columbus, Miss. The capped crusader takes his message of fighting waste and boosting recycling to schoolchildren throughout Texas and beyond. Disguised as a...

Walk the walk & get the word out.(Opinion; recycling)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Allan Gerlat Here's an environmental variation of the Golden Rule. Call it the Green Rule. It should go something like this: Don't ask businesses or people to do anything for the environment that you aren't doing yourself. The...

Ceiling maker, N.H. group join to recycle ceiling tiles.
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Institutions throughout New England will have the chance to recycle their old ceiling tiles instead of sending them to landfills. A new partnership between the Institution Recycling Network and international ceiling...

Study warns of bus pollution.(News)(research from the California Air Resources Board )
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson The air that children breathe inside school buses could be worse than what's found along the road, a study from the California Air Resources Board claims. So-called in-vehicle air pollution concentrations are much...

Corrections.(Correction)(Correction Notice)
October 27, 2003... * A story on Page 19 of the Oct. 13 issue should have said that according to conservative estimates, NASCAR events generate 700,000 pounds of aluminum cans and 200,000 pounds of plastic bottles per year. * A story on Page 22 of the Oct. 13...

Wide left? Calif. may mandate recycling at stadiums, theaters.(News)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman California's sports stadiums, theaters, amusement parks, racetracks and other large venues would be required to undertake recycling programs under a bill that the state assembly could vote on early next year. ...

A Look Back.(News)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Five years ago: President Bill Clinton signs a massive federal spending bill that excludes Superfund provisions that would have provided liability relief for scrap recyclers and certain municipal solid waste generators. A year ago: Ford...

GAO: Change may impact utility suits.(News; General Accounting Office; pollution)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman A congressional report has found that despite assurances from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, some EPA enforcement officials are concerned that recent revisions to the New Source Review provision of the...

Juris prudence.(Opinion; environmental policy)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... The Bush administration's policies keep leaning heavily toward business at the expense of the environment. When a new rule covering air emissions was unveiled in August, the White House and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency both...

PTA launches enviro education initiative.(News; Parent-Teacher Association )
October 27, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini A national effort to bring environmental education to U.S. schools has the weight of the nation's largest child advocacy group behind it and has gained a foothold in two large states. The Parent-Teacher Association's...

Howard leads green purchasing gathering; Government agencies concentrate on electronics, construction in first-time meetings.(News; John Howard )
October 27, 2003... The federal government has made significant progress toward complying with environmental stewardship laws, but more can be done, Federal Environmental Executive John Howard told attendees of Wastecon 2003. Howard, who has served as...

Coming Events.(Calendar)
October 27, 2003... North America Nov. 2-5 - Environmental Support Solutions Conference, Scottsdale, Ariz. Call (800) 289-6116 or visit www.essexpo.com. Nov. 3 - Foundry Sand Recycling Symposium, sponsored by the Foundry Industry Recycling Starts Today,...

Ban NYC disposal ban.(Opinion; garbage disposal)
October 27, 2003... Considering that garbage is always a smelly business in New York, the request by the owners of small food stores and restaurants to install garbage disposals is perfectly reasonable. The Bloomberg administration's opposition to the proposal...

Skinner hopeful about energy bill; Congress may reinstate landfill gas tax credits.(News; John Skinner )(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman The Solid Waste Association of North America is confident that landfill gas tax credits will become a reality if Congress passes an energy bill this year. While there are some differences between the House and...

Emissions cost Chevron.(News)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini ChevronTexaco Corp. will spend $275 million to reduce emissions at five refineries to settle a federal Clean Air Act lawsuit. A consent decree filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California...

SWANA membership hits 7,000.(News; Solid Waste Association of North America)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Bruce Geiselman The Solid Waste Association of North America's membership has reached an all-time high of just more than 7,000 despite a weak economy, executive director John Skinner said. Skinner, speaking Oct. 14 during the...

Another well-known exec invests in Capital.(News)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Capital Environmental Resource Inc. is getting a $28 million cash infusion thanks to the private sale of preferred stock and warrants for common stock. Michael G. DeGroote, who founded Laidlaw Waste Systems Inc. and...

Minn. emphasizes auto recycling; Agency: Restricting number of materials would boost rate.(News)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Minnesota environmental officials are out to help make end-of-life automobiles even more recyclable. About 75 percent of the weight of a typical vehicle is recycled after it ends its useful life, thanks to the high...

DTE forms unit to recover fine coal from slurry ponds.(News; DTE Energy Co.)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini DTE Energy Co. has formed a commercial operation to recover fine coal from abandoned slurry ponds, an untapped energy resource that companies have yet to completely figure out. DTE PepTec Inc. will use a proprietary...

Missouri's ups & downs; More recycling programs reduce what's landfilled.(News)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Jim Johnson Missourians are generating more trash, but they also are recycling more municipal solid waste as well. New statistics from the Missouri Department of Natural Resources show that state residents threw away an average...

Kinko's energy looks greener.(News)(Brief Article)
October 27, 2003... Byline: Joe Truini Kinko's Inc. unveiled new green power agreements Oct. 20 that will raise the company's annual renewable energy purchases by some 80 percent. More than one-fourth of the Dallas-based business service company's stores...

W.J. Burrows III.(Obituary)(Brief Article)(Obituary)
October 27, 2003... William James Burrows III is being remembered for both his years of service to the waste industry and his funny and unique sense of humor. Burrows, 52, died Oct. 8 in San Ramon, Calif., from an intracerebral hemorrhage, according to the...