Social Research articles from December 2002

Social Research archives from December 2002

Editor's introduction.(conference on International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record, April 25-27, 2002)(Editorial)
December 22, 2002... The origins of the Social Research conference at which the papers in this issue were first presented are complicated. Its subject was adapted twice in the course of its development. In the winter of 2000, when we began our planning for the...

Statement protesting the sentenced execution of Professor Hashem Aghajari.(Iran)
December 22, 2002... WHILE we strongly oppose the threatened U.S. preemptive attack on Iraq, which is certain to amplify the existing anger and resentment of the U.S. in the region and further undermine the fragile reform movement in Iran led by President Mohammed...

Part I: just and unjust war.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... INTRODUCTION IN his introductory remarks to the conference at which the papers in this volume were presented, Kenneth Prewitt, then the dean of the Graduate Faculty at the New School University, called human sacrifice a remote historical...

Just and unjust wars: a diplomat's perspective.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... I AM not a philosopher, a scholar, or even a journalist; I am a practitioner of diplomacy who holds great respect for the academy and for the work of the conference at which this collection of papers was presented. I would comment at the...

The triumph of just war theory (and the dangers of success).(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... I SOME political theories die and go to heaven; some, I hope, die and go to hell. But some have a long life in this world, a history most often of service to the powers-that-be, but also, sometimes, an oppositionist history. The theory of...

Part II: The Training of the Military: National Law and the Teaching of the Geneva Conventions.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... Introduction: Training the Military THIS section on "The Training of the Military: National Law and the Teaching of the Geneva Conventions" follows the discussion on just and unjust war. Although the previous authors pose profound and...

Training: the whys and wherefores *.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... AT a conference dedicated to "International Justice, War Crimes and Terrorism: The US Record," it is intriguing to see the subject of training placed so high on the agenda. And yet, I would suggest that the organizers have shown a degree of...

Atrocities in war: dirty hands and noncombatants *.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... I. Atrocities THIS essay addresses three issues: the avoidance of atrocities by the American military, the so-called Dirty Hands principle, and the status of noncombatants in the war on terrorism. As a nation, we have a firm view...

The United States military and the law of war: inculcating an ethos.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... MARTIN Peretz observed in his introduction to this section that the law of war sets forth goals for established militaries in established nations. I agree, but would substitute standards for goals, preferring the former because it should be...

Part III: keynote address.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)(Transcript)
December 22, 2002... International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism THE topics addressed in this volume--international justice, war crimes, and terrorism--are among the most important that mankind faces in the twenty-first century. They are also topics that...

Part IV: international law and justice.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... INTRODUCTION IN the first section of this volume, an immense gap appears to divide Michael Walzer, who approaches the matter of justice and international law from the point of view of a philosopher, from Richard Holbrooke, who approaches...

Victor's justice, selfish justice.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... SOON before his arrest in Belgrade, former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic called the international criminal tribunal at The Hague "an illegal and immoral institution, invented as reprisal for disobedient representatives of a disobedient...

International law and justice and America's war on terrorism.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... ACCORDING to figures published recently by Swedish researchers, in World War I some 95 percent of all deaths were suffered by soldiers. In those days armies fought against armies. In World War II the figure dropped to 50 percent. With the...

Why international justice limps.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... On August 31, 1946, Albert Speer delivered his final remarks at the Nuremberg trials. He spoke not to exculpate himself, he explained, but to warn the West about some poorly understood dangers of modern technology. In five or ten years, he told...

Part V: Punishment of war crimes and atrocities: international and national tribunals.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... INTRODUCTION FROM Cambodia to Guatemala, from the Kurds in Iraq to the Armenians in Turkey, from Stalin's purges to Mao's Great Leap Forward, much of the twentieth century has been characterized by impunity for the worst human rights...

Bringing war criminals to justice: a brief history.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... I WOULD like in this essay to sum up how we got to where we are now on the question of international justice. As Kenneth Roth indicates in his introduction, it has essentially been during the 1990s that we have tried to hold those responsible...

Stopping genocide and securing "justice": learning by doing.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... IN this paper I will examine the United States record in responding to genocide, drawing from my research over the last six years and highlighting a few larger lessons. I will then look specifically at the international tribunals. Instead of...

War crimes and the Clinton administration.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... ARTICLE 1 of the Treaty between the United States of America and the Cherokee Nation, dated July 22, 1779, reads: "That all offenses or acts of hostility by one or either of the contracting parties against the other be mutually forgiven and...

Punishment of war crimes by international tribunals.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... IN this essay I discuss my experience with war crime trials at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hague and what implications that experience may have for future international criminal tribunals, whether...

Part VI: defining and responding to terrorism.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... Human Rights, the Laws of War, and Terrorism I THE two terms--human rights and terror--look like a simple antithesis: human rights good, terror bad. My thesis is that the antithesis is not so simple. Of course, human rights and terror...

Fables of redemption in an age of barbarism.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... IMAGINE a world in which there were 27 major wars, tens of millions of refugees who have crossed international borders, some remaining in squalid camps, some constantly on the move, tens of millions more living rough after having been displaced...

Part VII: panel discussion.(introductory remarks International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)
December 22, 2002... Introductory remarks THESE are difficult days for international humanitarian law--indeed, for international law in its broader sense. The principal reason for this state of affairs lies not only in the technicalities or the fine points...

Where do we go from here? New and emerging issues in the prosecution of war crimes and acts of terrorism: a panel discussion.(International Justice, War Crimes, and Terrorism: The U.S. Record)(Panel Discussion)
December 22, 2002... THEODOR MERON: Let me start with Justice Goldstone. What were the problems you encountered in the infancy of The Hague tribunal, and which you believe have been largely solved? RICHARD GOLDSTONE: I think the main problem that has been...