NBER Reporter articles from June 2005

NBER Reporter archives from June 2005

The conference on research in income and wealth.(Program Report)
June 22, 2005... In 1935, the National Bureau of Economic Research invited a consortium of universities to join with it in establishing a "program of cooperative research" in the area of economic measurement. The Conference on Research in Income and Wealth...

How private health insurance pools risk.(Research Summaries)
June 22, 2005... Introduction and Theory Most Americans obtain their health insurance in the private sector, in both group and non-group settings, and from for-profit, non-profit, and self-insured arrangements. A matter of concern to both consumers and...

Some perspective on capital flows to emerging market economies.
June 22, 2005... From Hume's discussion of the specie-flow mechanism under the gold standard to the Keynes-Ohlin debate on the transfer problem associated with German reparations after the WWI, understanding the flow of capital across national borders has been...

Prospects for Social Security reform in the United States.
June 22, 2005... One of the most far-reaching shifts in fiscal policy around the world during the past two decades has been the fundamental restructuring of public pension systems. Over two dozen countries across five continents have converted at least part of...

Behavioral finance.
June 22, 2005... Much of my research over the last several years has been in the broad area of behavioral finance. Some of this work investigates the beliefs of less-than-fully rational investors--the valuation models they use, and the particular sources of...

NBER profile: Mark V. Pauly.
June 22, 2005... Mark V. Pauly is a Research Associate in the NBER's Program on Health Care and the Bendheim Professor in the Department of Health Care Systems at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.. Also at the Wharton School, Pauly is a...

NBER profile: Carmen M. Reinhart.(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Carmen M. Reinhart is a Research Associate in the NBER's Program on International Finance and Macroeconomics and a Professor of Economics at the School of Public Policy and the Economics Department of the University of Maryland. She received...

NBER Profile: Kent Smetters.(Biography)
June 22, 2005... Kent Smetters is a Research Associate in the NBER's Programs on Public Economics and Aging and an associate professor at The Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He received his Ph.D. in economics in 1995 from Harvard University,...

Innovation policy and the economy.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... The NBER's sixth annual conference on Innovation Policy and the Economy took place in Washington on April 19. The conference was organized by NBER Research Associates Adam B. Jaffe of Brandeis University, Joshua Lerner of Harvard University,...

Yao, Anton, and Greene explore a range of work on the economic and policy implications of "weak" patents--patents that have a significant probability of being overturned or are relatively easy to circumvent--for innovation and disclosure incentives, antitrust policy, and organizational incentives and entrepreneurial activity.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Yao, Anton, and Greene explore a range of work on the economic and policy implications of "weak" patents--patents that have a significant probability of being overturned or are relatively easy to circumvent--for innovation and disclosure...

In the last two decades, the role of patents in the U.S. innovation system has changed profoundly.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... In the last two decades, the role of patents in the U.S. innovation system has changed profoundly. Two apparently mundane changes in patent law and policy have subtly but inexorably transformed the patent system into a competitive weapon to...

Scott Morton.(internet on consumer surplus )(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Scott Morton discusses the sources of consumer surplus that are likely to exist because of the types of Internet sites being used. She also discusses the problems involved in measuring all the gains from use of the Internet. Web sites that make...

Berndt, Gottschalk, and Strobeck focus on the interactions between the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the biopharmaceutical companies that perform drug R and D.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Berndt, Gottschalk, and Strobeck focus on the interactions between the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the biopharmaceutical companies that perform drug R and D. To assess the current issues and the state of communication and interaction...

Freeman.(science and engineering workers of United States)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Freeman presents four propositions showing that changes in the global job market for science and engineering (S&E) workers are eroding U.S. dominance in S&E, which diminishes the country's comparative advantage in high-tech goods and services...

Gilbert.(relation between market structure and innovation incentives)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... The effect of market structure on innovation incentives has been a controversial subject in economics since Joseph Schumpeter advanced the theory that competitive markets are not necessarily the most effective organizations to promote...

Asset pricing with imperfect trading.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... An NBER-Universities Research Conference on "Asset Pricing with Imperfect Trading" was held in Cambridge on May 13 and 14. NBER Research Associates Darrell Duffle of Stanford Business School and Owen A. Lamont of Yale School of Management...

Using proprietary data on stock loan fees and stock loan quantities from a large institutional investor, Cohen, Diether, and Malloy examine the link between the shorting market and stock prices.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Using proprietary data on stock loan fees and stock loan quantities from a large institutional investor, Cohen, Diether, and Malloy examine the link between the shorting market and stock prices. Using a unique identification strategy, they are...

Sadka and Scherbina document a close link between mispricing and liquidity by investigating stocks with high analyst disagreement.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Sadka and Scherbina document a close link between mispricing and liquidity by investigating stocks with high analyst disagreement. Previous research finds that these stocks tend to be overpriced, but prices correct downward as uncertainty about...

Novy-Marx.(illiquid assets and liquid assets)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Novy-Marx argues that the high expected returns observed on illiquid assets should be expected theoretically but are not actually a premium for illiquidity, per se. Instead, illiquidity--like size--is a proxy for any unobserved risk. Therefore,...

Garleanu, Pedersen, and Poteshman model the demand-pressure effect on prices when options cannot be hedged perfectly.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Garleanu, Pedersen, and Poteshman model the demand-pressure effect on prices when options cannot be hedged perfectly. The model shows that demand pressure in one option contract increases its price by an amount proportional to the variance of...

Hong and Yu develop and test a theory of seasonality in asset prices based on the idea that speculative trading generates a price premium.(Conferences )(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Hong and Yu develop and test a theory of seasonality in asset prices based on the idea that speculative trading generates a price premium. The authors hypothesize that trading of all types, including speculative trades, declines when investors...

Petajisto.(business cycle models-evaluation)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Representative agent models, including the Capital Asset Pricing Model, are not consistent with existing empirical evidence for steep demand curves for individual stocks. Petajisto resolves the issue by proposing that stock prices are set...

Andrade, Chang, and Seasholes examine the relationship between trading shocks and asset prices.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Andrade, Chang, and Seasholes examine the relationship between trading shocks and asset prices. They outline a simple market-clearing model in which some investors place orders that are uncorrelated with asset fundamentals. Their empirical...

Frazzini and Lamont use mutual fund flows as a measure of individual investor sentiment for different stocks.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Frazzini and Lamont use mutual fund flows as a measure of individual investor sentiment for different stocks. They find that high sentiment predicts low future returns at long horizons. Fund flows are dumb money: by reallocating across...

Clarida, Goretti, and Taylor find evidence of threshold behavior in current account adjustment for the G7 countries, such that the dynamics of adjustment towards equilibrium depend upon whether the current-account/ net output ratio breaches estimated, country-specific current account surplus or deficit thresholds.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Clarida, Goretti, and Taylor find evidence of threshold behavior in current account adjustment for the G7 countries, such that the dynamics of adjustment towards equilibrium depend upon whether the current-account/ net output ratio breaches...

Does the center country of the International Monetary System enjoy an "exorbitant privilege" that significantly weakens its external constraint, as has been asserted in some European quarters?(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Does the center country of the International Monetary System enjoy an "exorbitant privilege" that significantly weakens its external constraint, as has been asserted in some European quarters? Using a newly constructed dataset, Gourinchas and...

Current account imbalances.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... NBER Research Associate Richard H. Clarida of Columbia University organized an NBER Conference on "G7 Current Account Imbalances: Sustainability and Adjustment", which was held on June 1 and 2. These papers were discussed: Richard H....

Lane and Milesi-Ferretti highlight the increased dispersion in net external positions in recent years, particularly among industrial countries.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Lane and Milesi-Ferretti highlight the increased dispersion in net external positions in recent years, particularly among industrial countries. They provide a simple accounting framework that disentangles the factors driving the accumulation of...

Faruqee, Laxton, Muir, and Pesenti re-examine the issues surrounding global rebalancing through the lens of a dynamic, multi-region model of the world economy.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Faruqee, Laxton, Muir, and Pesenti re-examine the issues surrounding global rebalancing through the lens of a dynamic, multi-region model of the world economy. The authors first define a baseline scenario of global adjustment, based on the...

Over the past decade the United States has experienced widening current account deficits and a steady deterioration of its net foreign asset position.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Over the past decade the United States has experienced widening current account deficits and a steady deterioration of its net foreign asset position. During the second half of the 1990s, this deterioration was fueled by foreign investment in a...

Dooley, Folkerts-Landau, and Garber set out the political economy behind Asian governments' participation in a revived Bretton Woods System.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Dooley, Folkerts-Landau, and Garber set out the political economy behind Asian governments' participation in a revived Bretton Woods System. The overriding problem for these governments is rapidly integrating a large pool of underemployed labor...

Might the dollar eventually follow the precedent of the pound and cede its status as leading international reserve currency?(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Might the dollar eventually follow the precedent of the pound and cede its status as leading international reserve currency? To answer the question, Chinn and Frankel econometrically estimate determinants of the shares of major currencies in...

Obstfeld and Rogoff show that when one takes into account the global equilibrium ramifications of an unwinding of the U.S. current account deficit, currently running at nearly 6 percent of GDP, the potential collapse of the dollar becomes considerably larger (more than 50 percent larger) than in their previous estimates.(Conferences)(gross domestic product)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Obstfeld and Rogoff show that when one takes into account the global equilibrium ramifications of an unwinding of the U.S. current account deficit, currently running at nearly 6 percent of GDP, the potential collapse of the dollar becomes...

Adalet and Eichengreen analyze the pre-1970 history of international capital flows and current account reversals, contrasting it with recent experience.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Adalet and Eichengreen analyze the pre-1970 history of international capital flows and current account reversals, contrasting it with recent experience. They find that the incidence of reversals has been unusually great in recent years. The...

There are a number of worrisome features of the U.S. current account deficit.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... There are a number of worrisome features of the U.S. current account deficit. In particular, its size and persistence, the extent to which it is financing consumption as opposed to investment, and the reliance on debt inflows raise concerns...

Mann and Pluck prepare new estimates of the elasticity of U.S. trade flows using bilateral trade data for 31 countries, different measures of expenditure, and including alternative proxies for global supply-cum-variety.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Mann and Pluck prepare new estimates of the elasticity of U.S. trade flows using bilateral trade data for 31 countries, different measures of expenditure, and including alternative proxies for global supply-cum-variety. They examine four...

Boeri and Garibaldi.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... In an equilibrium model of the labor market with market frictions, Boeri and Garibaldi investigate the border between formal employment, shadow employment, and unemployment. From the labor demand side, firms optimally create legal or shadow...

OECD countries experienced largely divergent employment rates over the last decades.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... OECD countries experienced largely divergent employment rates over the last decades. But the bulk of the cross-national and cross-temporal heterogeneity of unemployment relies on specific demographic groups: prime-age women, younger, and older...

International seminar on macroeconomics.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... The NBER's 28th Annual International Seminar on Macroeconomics (ISOM), organized by Jeffrey A. Frankel, NBER and Harvard University, and Christopher Pissarides, London School of Economics, was held on June 17-18 at the Magyar Nemzeti Bank...

The Stability and Growth Pact is a continuing source of economic controversy within Europe.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... The Stability and Growth Pact is a continuing source of economic controversy within Europe. The Pact recognizes that individual member states experience divergent business cycle conditions that may lead them to run deficits at certain points in...

Vilagi.(Conferences)(open economy macroeconomic models to analyze foreign exchange rates)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Vilagi studies how the models of the new open economy macroeconomics, which usually focus on the relationship between the nominal exchange rate and the external real exchange rate, can explain the coexistence of permanent dual inflation:...

Razin and Loungani analyze how globalization induces monetary authorities, guided by the welfare criterion of a representative household, to put greater emphasis on reducing the inflation rate than on narrowing output gaps.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Razin and Loungani analyze how globalization induces monetary authorities, guided by the welfare criterion of a representative household, to put greater emphasis on reducing the inflation rate than on narrowing output gaps. The authors...

In September 2002, a new market in "Economic Derivatives" was launched Mowing traders to take positions on future values of several macroeconomic data releases.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... In September 2002, a new market in "Economic Derivatives" was launched Mowing traders to take positions on future values of several macroeconomic data releases. Gurkaynak and Wolfers provide an initial analysis of the prices of these options....

Using a panel of 21 OECD countries and 40 years of annual data, Darvas, Rose, and Szapary find that countries with similar government budget positions tend to have business cycles that fluctuate more closely.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Using a panel of 21 OECD countries and 40 years of annual data, Darvas, Rose, and Szapary find that countries with similar government budget positions tend to have business cycles that fluctuate more closely. That is, fiscal convergence (in the...

Goldberg.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... The accession countries to the euro area increasingly are binding their economic activity--external and internal--to the euro area countries. One direction of this phenomenon concerns the currency invoicing of international trade transactions,...

East Asian seminar on economics focuses on fiscal policy and management.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... The NBER's Sixteenth Annual East Asian Seminar on Economics (EASE), sponsored jointly with Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKU), Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), China Center for Economic Research (CCER),...

Observed economic policies in developing countries differ sharply from those in developed countries and from those forecast by existing models of optimal policies.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Observed economic policies in developing countries differ sharply from those in developed countries and from those forecast by existing models of optimal policies. For example, developing countries rely little on broad-based taxes, and make...

High ratios of external debt to GDP in selected Asian countries have contributed to the initiation, propagation, and severity of the financial and economic crises in recent years, reflecting runaway fiscal deficits and excessive foreign borrowing by the private sector.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... High ratios of external debt to GDP in selected Asian countries have contributed to the initiation, propagation, and severity of the financial and economic crises in recent years, reflecting runaway fiscal deficits and excessive foreign...

Hur.(fiscal multipliers in Korea)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Using VAR models, Hur estimates a trajectory of GDP induced by variations in fiscal expenditure and taxation policy. By assigning different combinations of identifying restrictions on the disturbances and measuring the corresponding fiscal...

Chetty and Looney assess the potential welfare gain from introducing social safety nets in developing economies.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Chetty and Looney assess the potential welfare gain from introducing social safety nets in developing economies. Using panel surveys of households in Indonesia and the United States, they find that food consumption falls by approximately 10...

The taxation of property left to one's heirs is among the oldest forms of taxation, dating back at least to the time of Ancient Egypt.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... The taxation of property left to one's heirs is among the oldest forms of taxation, dating back at least to the time of Ancient Egypt. In Taiwan, as in various other countries, this practice continues today, with citizens and foreign residents...

Since almost eliminating net debt, the Australian government's attention has turned to the financing of broader balance sheet liabilities, such as public sector superannuation.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Since almost eliminating net debt, the Australian government's attention has turned to the financing of broader balance sheet liabilities, such as public sector superannuation. Australia will be developing a significant financial asset...

Kwan.(Conferences)(elasticity of substitution in consumption in East Asian countries)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Kwan investigates the extent of direct substitution between government and private consumption in nine East Asian countries. His regression uncovers a significantly positive elasticity of substitution between government and private consumption,...

Fiscal incentives are closely related to extra-budgetary revenues.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Fiscal incentives are closely related to extra-budgetary revenues. Using their definition, Ping and Bei explore the effects of "fiscal incentives" under decentralization on the responsiveness of public good provision to real local needs. China...

Llanto.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Llanto draws the attention of policymakers and legislators to the fiscal risk brought by the contingent liabilities arising from explicit or implicit government guarantees. He discusses the current attempt of the Philippine government to...

To analyze the sustainability of a social security system, it is necessary to make long-term forecasts of the economy and the population for 50 years or longer.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... To analyze the sustainability of a social security system, it is necessary to make long-term forecasts of the economy and the population for 50 years or longer. However, it is not possible to predict such a long term because of uncertainty over...

Koh.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Koh presents an overview of the development of public finance in Korea since the 1970s; analyzes its current status; explains the institutional setup and assesses the recent reform efforts; and proposes directions for change to maintain...

Doi, Ihori, and Mitsui analyze sustainability issues with Japan's fiscal policy and then discuss the debt management policy based on the maturity structure of government bonds.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Doi, Ihori, and Mitsui analyze sustainability issues with Japan's fiscal policy and then discuss the debt management policy based on the maturity structure of government bonds. They also investigate the coordination between fiscal and monetary...

Kotlikoff, Fehr, and Jokisch develop a dynamic, life-cycle, general equilibrium model to study the interdependent demographic, fiscal, and economic transition path of China, Japan, the United States, and the EU.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Kotlikoff, Fehr, and Joldsch develop a dynamic, life-cycle, general equilibrium model to study the interdependent demographic, fiscal, and economic transition path of China, Japan, the United States, and the EU. Each of these countries/regions...

Chun.(population aging and fiscal policies effect Korean national savings)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Chun evaluates the effects of population aging and fiscal policies on national saving in Korea. To predict the national savings rate for Korea over the next several decades, he uses a life-cycle model that incorporates the generational...

Bernanke to chair CEA.(Bureau News)
June 22, 2005... Former NBER Research Associate Ben S. Bernanke, who had been a member of the National Bureau's Program of Research on Monetary Economics, has been confirmed by the Senate to become Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers. Bernanke replaces...

Acemoglu receives John Bates Clark Medal.(Natioanl Bureau of Economic Research)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... NBER Research Associate Daron Acemoglu, a professor of economics at MIT, received the American Economics Association's John Bates Clark Medal this year. The award is given every two years to the economist under the age of 40 who has made the...

NBER researchers lead American Economics Association.(Bureau News)
June 22, 2005... Three NBER Research Associates are the President, nominee for President-Elect, and immediate Past President, respectively, of the American Economics Association (AEA). The AEA's Executive Committee has chosen Thomas J. Sargent as the...

Behavioral responses to taxation.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... The NBER's Program on Public Economics met in Cambridge on April 7 to discuss "Behavioral Responses to Taxation." Program Director James M. Poterba of MIT organized the meeting. These topics were discussed: Seth H. Giertz, Congressional...

Giertz.(taxable-income )(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Giertz reviews the literature on taxable-income elasticity, primarily focusing on empirical studies examining the U.S. tax changes of 1981, 1986, 1990, and 1993 and the bracket creep of the late 1970s and early 1980s. He provides background on...

Johnson.(effect of tax rates on on ordinary income, capital gains, and dividends etc)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Johnson uses a general equilibrium model with a detailed household sector that allows for portfolio choice to examine the economic effects of the recent reductions in individual tax rates on ordinary income, capital gains, and dividends, and...

Yang.(business cycles-models)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Neoclassical growth models predict positive growth effects throughout the entire transition path after a reduction in capital or labor tax rates when lump-sum taxes or transfers are used to balance the government budget. In contrast,...

Kopczuk.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Tax reforms usually change both tax rates and tax bases. Using a panel of income tax returns spanning the two major U.S. tax reforms of the 1980s and a number of smaller tax law changes, Kopczuk finds that the elasticity of income reported on...

House and Shapiro consider the economy's reaction to a temporary tax subsidy for investment.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... House and Shapiro consider the economy's reaction to a temporary tax subsidy for investment. Because the eventual payoff from acquiring a long-lived capital good is unrelated to the date of purchase or installation, there are powerful...

Rothstein.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Rothstein proposes a new approach to estimating the incidence of federal income taxes, using variation in exposure to tax changes across the wage distribution to provide identifying variation in the impacts of these changes on labor markets for...

Public economics.(Conferences)(Natioanl Bureau of Economic Research organises meeting)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... The NBER's Program on Public Economics met in Cambridge on April 8. Members discussed these papers: Eric M. Engen, American Enterprise Institute, and R. Glenn Hubbard, NBER and Columbia University, "Federal Government Debts and Interest...

Using a standard set of data and a simple analytical framework, Engen and Hubbard reconsider and add to empirical evidence on the effect of federal government debt and interest rates.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Using a standard set of data and a simple analytical framework, Engen and Hubbard reconsider and add to empirical evidence on the effect of federal government debt and interest rates. They begin by analytically deriving the effect of government...

Gale and Orszag provide new estimates of the effects of fiscal policy on national saving and interest rates.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Gale and Orszag provide new estimates of the effects of fiscal policy on national saving and interest rates. They fred that between 50 and 80 percent of increases in unified deficits are consumed, which implies that deficits reduce national...

Why did the states and not the federal government promote economic development during the antebellum era?(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Why did the states and not the federal government promote economic development during the antebellum era? Wallis and Weingast argue that the impotence of the federal government stemmed from political constraints on Congress. They develop a...

Prospective college students are uncertain about whether they will be admitted to any given institution and thus typically apply to several.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Prospective college students are uncertain about whether they will be admitted to any given institution and thus typically apply to several. Part of this uncertainty is attributable to the fact that the applicant does not know how the college...

Regulations that restrict pollution by firms also affect decisions about use of labor and capital.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... Regulations that restrict pollution by firms also affect decisions about use of labor and capital. Thus they affect relative factor prices, total production, and output prices. For non-revenue-raising environmental mandates, what are the...

Environmental economics.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... The NBER's Working Group on Environmental Economics met in Cambridge on April 8 and 9. NBER Research Associate Don Fullerton, University of Texas, Austin, organized this program: David Popp, NBER and Syracuse University, "Exploring Links...

Popp.(innovation and adoption of technologies )(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... While many studies have looked separately at innovation and adoption of technologies, the two processes are linked. Advances (and expected advances) in a single technology should affect both its adoption rate and the adoption of alternative...

Brock and Taylor demonstrate that a key empirical finding in environmental economics, The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and the core model of modern macroeconomics, the Solow Model, are intimately related.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Brock and Taylor demonstrate that a key empirical finding in environmental economics, The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), and the core model of modern macroeconomics, the Solow Model, are intimately related. Once the authors amend the Solow...

A key issue in slum upgrading is whether residents are made better off by improving housing in situ, or by being relocated.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... A key issue in slum upgrading is whether residents are made better off by improving housing in situ, or by being relocated. The answer to this question depends on the tradeoffs people are willing to make between commuting costs, housing costs,...

Shimshack, Ward, and Beatty examine responses to a national FDA advisory that urged at-risk individuals to limit store-bought fish consumption because of the dangers of methyl-mercury.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Shimshack, Ward, and Beatty examine responses to a national FDA advisory that urged at-risk individuals to limit store-bought fish consumption because of the dangers of methyl-mercury. The authors find that both education and newspaper...

Mauzerall, Sultan, Kim, and Bradford present a proof-of-concept analysis of the measurement of the health damage of ozone (O3) produced from nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emitted by individual large point sources in the eastern United States.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... Mauzerall, Sultan, Kim, and Bradford present a proof-of-concept analysis of the measurement of the health damage of ozone (O3) produced from nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) emitted by individual large point sources in the eastern United...

Labor studies.(Conferences)
June 22, 2005... The NBER's Program on Labor Studies met in Cambridge on April 15. Program Director Richard Freeman and Research Associate Lawrence Katz, both of Harvard University, organized the meeting. These papers were discussed: Derek Neal, NBER and...

All data sources indicate that black-white skill gaps diminished over most of the twentieth century.(Conferences)(Brief Article)
June 22, 2005... All data sources indicate that black-white skill gaps diminished over most of the twentieth century. However, black-white skill gaps, as measured by test scores among youth and educational attainment among young adults, have remained constant...