Business History articles from October 1994

Business History archives from October 1994

Contrived competition: economic regulation and deregulation, 1920s-1980s.
October 1, 1994... The government's role in the American economy has always been significant, but at no time was it more pervasive than after the Great Depression, and nowhere more than in industries 'affected with a public interest'. In transportation,...

The economic characteristics of small craft businesses in rural lowland Perthshire, c.1830-c.1900.
October 1, 1994... In Britain between the late eighteenth and the early twentieth centuries, small-scale producers remained an important element of the business community. Industrialisation and the formation of large-scale enterprises produced a variety of...

Henry Demarest Lloyd and business ethics in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America.
October 1, 1994... The purpose of this article is to describe and elucidate the ideas and activities of Henry Demarest Lloyd (1847-1903). The focus will be on Lloyd's moralistic approach to social and economic problems, and particularly his concern to redeem...

Foreign influence on the education of Norwegian business managers before World War II.
October 1, 1994... Historical research has shown great variations in the systems of management education in different Western nations.(1) These variations have been connected to differences in economic development between different nations. One well-known example...

Institutional diversity in overseas enterprise: explaining the free-standing company.
October 1, 1994... Hennart(1) has recently offered an explanation of free-standing companies couched in terms of the theory of transaction costs. Free-standing companies accounted for a significant proportion of capital exports from Britain -- particularly to Latin...

Free-standing companies, their financing, and internalization theory.
October 1, 1994... In his 'International Financial Capital Transfers: A Transaction Cost Framework' (Business History, January 1994),(1) Jean-Francois Hennart has raised some questions which are crucial to our understanding of both the history and the theory of the...

Free-standing firms and the internalization of markets for financial capital: a response to Casson. (reply to article by Mark Casson in this issue, p. 95)
October 1, 1994... 'International Financial Capital Transfers: A Transaction Cost Framework' seeks to provide a theoretical framework to explain the variety of institutions used to transfer financial capital across countries, including the free-standing firm, an...

The History of the British Coal Industry, vol. 1, Before 1700: Towards the Age of Coal.
October 1, 1994... This massive work completes the new history of coal in Britain commissioned in 1975 by the National Coal Board. The volume is based on the records of over 1,000 collieries, summarised in a coalfield by coalfield section extending to over 100...

The Rise and Rise of Road Transport: 1700-1990.
October 1, 1994... This is a welcome addition to the Macmillan series, especially as road transport has been a relatively neglected subject in the pre-mechanised age. However, in their effort to compensate, Barker and Gerhold have devoted about half the text to...

Bristol and the Atlantic Trades in the Eighteenth Century.
October 1, 1994... Early eighteenth-century Bristol was a flourishing place -- the third city and second port in England -- and its merchants were making prominent names and good profits for themselves in the transatlantic trades. It was a world increasingly...

The Origins of Railway Enterprise: The Stockton and Darlington Railway, 1821-1863.
October 1, 1994... Jaded readers might be forgiven for thinking that too much has already been written about the pioneering English railway businesses. In fact, however, nearly all the academic attention and output has been concentrated upon the Liverpool &...

Britain and Latin America in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.
October 1, 1994... The very general title of this volume, and its publication in a series aimed principally at undergraduate students, might not immediately recommend it to the business historian. Yet Miller writes from an extensive knowledge of the archives of...

In Defence of Naval Supremacy: Finance, Technology and British Naval Policy, 1889-1914.
October 1, 1994... This paperback is a reissue of a book originally published in hardback in 1989. It is not aimed primarily at business historians and its greatest impact has been in naval history, where quite a stir was caused by Sumida's claims that British...

Industrial Efficiency and State Intervention: Labour, 1939-51.
October 1, 1994... This book is an unashamed defence of the Labour Party against the charge that it had only muddled and half-baked ideas on how to modernise British industry, and that during the 1940s the party in government failed to seize the opportunity for a...

The Post-War History of the London Stock Market.
October 1, 1994... Yesterday's news is not today's history but merely the material from which it is created. George Blakey is not aware of that, and so I doubt if most of the readers of Business History would recognise this book as a contribution to the subject....

Chartered Accountants in England and Wales: A Guide to Historical Records.
October 1, 1994... This book joins volumes on the brewing and shipbuilding industries, in the series promoted by the Business Archives Council, as a most welcome revelation of source material. It is particularly pleasing to see a guide which enables an increase in...

The German Bourgeoisie.
October 1, 1994... Faced with the disasters which befell their country from 1933 onwards, many German historians tended, after World War II, to focus on the missing bourgeois-liberal revolution as the cause of the political weakness which allowed totalitarian...

Education, Technology and Industrial Performance in Europe: 1850-1939.
October 1, 1994... This book examines the development of higher technical education and the preparation of engineers for industry from the mid-nineteenth century up to the Second World War. After a general introduction, the book is divided into four parts. The...

The Economic History of Italy, 1860-1990: Recovery after Decline.
October 1, 1994... From an editorial in the third issue of Race Traitor, a journal published in Cambridge, Massachusetts, that "aims to serve as an intellectual center for [whites and others] seeking to abolish the white race." To points define the position...

A History of Finnish Shipping.
October 1, 1994... From "The Ultimate Sports Poem," a poetic collage "assembled" by Neal Pollack, a Chicago writer, "out of sentences culled from nearly a year's worth" of columns by Chicago Sun-Times sportswriter Jay Mariotti. Pollack wrote that he compiled the...

The Triumph of Corporate Capitalism in France: 1867-1914.
October 1, 1994... From "Patriotism Revisited," by David W. Powell, memoir submitted last October to a creative writing class at the University of Arizona in Tucson. Powell served as a marine in Vietnam from 1965 to 1967. The following events come to my...

The Economic Development of France since 1870.
October 1, 1994... By Jennifer O'Grady. From Singular Constructions, a forthcoming collection of O'Grady's poems. "One Explanation" originally appeared in The Georgia Review. O'Grady lives in New York City. Don't think that chicken didn't want to stay where...

Aufstieg der Kleinen: Multinationale Unternehmen aus funf kleinen Staaten vor 1914.
October 1, 1994... The mood these days in Washington's Republican salons is one of triumph and euphoria; plans are being made to occupy the capital for the next generation. But beneath the surface, signs of concern are starting to show. The staff director of the...

Enterprise and Technology: The German and British Steel Industries, 1865-1895.
October 1, 1994... These are the facts as my father told them. In the old country during the Second World War, in the forests and villages of Czechoslovakia west of Brno, a man named Machar, or Machac, made a name for himself as a smuggler, moving entire families...

The Clockwork Factory: Women and Work in Fascist Italy.
October 1, 1994... The experience of industrial labour from a gender-unbiased perspective has been sadly neglected by business historians. This work begins to fills the lacuna. Willson examines the operation of the pioneering Italian Magneti Marelli engineering...

The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union: 1913-1945.
October 1, 1994... This book is part of the larger Soviet Industrialisation Project, in hand at the Centre for Russian and East European Studies at the University of Birmingham. For lecturers and their students alike it is a most welcome addition to the texts...

The Origins and Course of the German Economic Crisis: 1923-1932.
October 1, 1994... In this detailed study of the Weimar economy, the author sets out to challenge the view widely promoted over the past decade or so that the severity of the German slump was the result of pressure for high wages which made the industrial economy...

From Peasant to Entrepreneur: The Survival of the Family Economy in Italy.
October 1, 1994... In this challenging, well researched and carefully argued book, the authors seek to contribute to the continuing debate about the nature and origins of small-scale industrialisation in Italy. They analyse the process of industrialisation in the...

Der Einflub auslandischer Unternehmen auf die deutsche Wirtschaft vom Spatmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart.
October 1, 1994... Among several factors which may determine the success of a conference, the careful selection of a theme, and the balance and quality of the papers presented are often critical. One difficulty clearly faced by the contributors to this volume -- a...

Rationalisierung als Unternehmensstrategie: Die Eisenund Stahlindustrie des Rubrgebiets zwischen Jahrhundertwende und Weltwirtschaftskrise.
October 1, 1994... In one sense, every business enterprise is engaged in a process of rationalisation, a constant quest to cut costs and make itself more efficient. In Germany, however, the term has acquired a more specific meaning and is commonly applied to...

European Industries: Structure, Conduct and Performance.
October 1, 1994... This book builds on the format adopted in Peter Johnson's earlier edited volume, The Structure of British Industry. It consists of a series of studies of European industries covering the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. Of the 11...

The Ghost of the Executed Engineer: Technology and the Fall of the Soviet Union.
October 1, 1994... The first half of this book describes the career of Peter Palchinsky (1875-1929), a leading Russian engineer who was arrested on the trumped-up charge of conspiring to overthrow the Soviet government and subsequently shot. He left behind a large...

Common Labour: Workers and the Digging of North American Canals, 1780-1860.
October 1, 1994... This is a study of the men who built the canals of North America during the period from 1780 to 1860. It is rich in detail concerning the harsh lives and working conditions of these 'canallers', and also throws light on the problems of organising...

The Age of Giant Corporations: A Microeconomic History of American Business, 1914-1992: A Third Edition.
October 1, 1994... This is a textbook on American business history from a micro-economic perspective. The title is slightly misleading, because there is very little micro-economic theory in this book. It is now in its third edition. The previous edition was...

The Computer in the United States: From Laboratory to Market, 1930 to 1960.
October 1, 1994... James Cortada is a publishing phenomenon in the field of computer history. Since 1987 his prolific output has included a major bibliography of the computer-history literature, a guide to US computer archives, a three-volume historical dictionary...

World of Fairs: The Century-of-Progress Expositions.
October 1, 1994... World's fairs are about trade. Those which were held in the United States in the depressed 1930s stimulated considerable business not only for the exhibitors, but also for the cities which hosted them and for the Americans who worked there. Yet...

Regulated Enterprise: Natural Gas Pipelines and Northeastern Markets, 1938-1954.
October 1, 1994... The major American surge in natural gas distribution and usage which occurred in the 1940s and 1950s provides an excellent case study for examining the regulatory process in action, and in this book Castaneda has opened up new territory for...

The Aspirin Wars: Money, Medicine and 100 Years of Rampant Competition.
October 1, 1994... The rewards, risk and excitement of life in the international pharmaceutical industry are brought vividly to life in Mann and Plummer's book. Their focus is the controversy and corporate competition which revolved around three separate episodes...

For God, Country and Coca-Cola.
October 1, 1994... Mark Pendergrast has been granted an almost unique opportunity to write the business history of the decade, if not of the century. The Coca-Cola company is -- in Chandlerian terms -- a prime example of an integrated enterprise which grew large by...

Canadian Papers in Business History, vol. 2.
October 1, 1994... Despite the absence of a formal organisation or society, Canadian business historians do hold occasional meetings. The first volume of Canadian Papers in Business History was based on papers given at their second conference in Victoria. All but...

Beyond Mass Production: The Japanese System and Its Transfer to the U.S.
October 1, 1994... Martin Kenney and Richard Florida have produced an important and informative book on the wave of Japanese 'transplant' factories in the United States in the 1980s. Based on extensive survey research, they present the most detailed picture to date...

Strategy and Human Resource Management: Ford and the Search for Competitive Advantage.
October 1, 1994... To do justice to a book of this quality in a brief review is well nigh impossible. Starkey and McKinlay have set themselves the awesome task of trying to analyse how Ford as a world-wide producer has tackled the immense problems of trying to...

Australian Manufacturing and the State: The Politics of Industry Policy in the Post-War Era.
October 1, 1994... The focus of this study is the changing nature of the industry policy of federal governments in Australia from the end of World War Two up to 1992. The interest in the subject lies in the movement away from the emphasis laid upon macro-economic...

Corporization and Privatization: Lessons from New Zealand.
October 1, 1994... Since 1984 New Zealand has undergone an economic revolution. Following the toppling from power of the patriarchal Robert Muldoon, successive Labour and National governments have attempted to transform New Zealand from a sleepy outpost of the...

Planning for Change: Industrial Policy and Japanese Economic Development, 1945-1990.
October 1, 1994... This book attempts to evaluate post-war Japanese industrial policy by using new developments in economic theory which emphasize dynamic rather than static models of growth and trade. Vestal begins by arguing that, in the post-war period, Japanese...

Japanese Women Working.
October 1, 1994... Japan is widely characterised as an examplar of male chauvinism; women's place is in the home, subserviently performing their duties as wives and mothers. But their significant economic function in agriculture, textiles and many other industries,...

Japanese Manufacturing Investment in Europe: Its Impact on the UK Economy.
October 1, 1994... The 1970s and 1980s witnessed a dramatic growth in Japanese manufacturing investment in the European Community (EC). At the beginning of this period there were only a few, sporadic manufacturing investments, but from the mid-1980s especially...

Local Suppliers of Credit in the Third World: 1750-1960.
October 1, 1994... This book of essays on indigenous credit systems in Asia, Africa and Latin America has its origins in the UK Third World Economic History and Development Group's biennial conference held in 1988, and reflects the wide spread of interests...

Technological Innovation and Third World Multinationals.
October 1, 1994... This book represents a distinct stage in the maturation of research on foreign direct investment (FDI) from developing countries. The focus is on the role of one particular engine of change -- technology -- in the development of nascent FDI by...

Small Business Dynamics: International, National and Regional Perspectives.
October 1, 1994... Arising out of a Swedish conference held in 1991, this collection of essays is largely concerned with the experience of small business in the contemporary developed world, but many of the contributors set their discussions within the context of...

Coalitions and Collaboration in International Business.
October 1, 1994... Geoffrey Jones and his colleagues at the University of Reading have been at the forefront in developing what is a comparatively new area of business history international business history. This fits well with the work of others at Reading, such...

Marketing, 2 vols.
October 1, 1994... It is a tribute to the vitality of marketing history -- and no doubt the persuasive powers of the editors and the optimism of the publishers -- that Edward Elgar should produce these, the latest volumes in its series 'The International Library of...

Business Elites.
October 1, 1994... This latest addition to the Edward Elgar series of reprints on business history comprises 27 articles and essays published over the last 40 years. The editor, Dr Cassis of Geneva University, has grouped them under four headings: social origins...

High Technology and the Competition State: An Analysis of the Eureka Initiative.
October 1, 1994... This book has an ambitious aim: to describe and analyse a set of collaborative activities in support of industrial innovation in 21 states across Europe (including members of the European Commission, EFTA countries and Turkey) and to draw general...