Bulletin of the South Carolina Academy of Science articles from January 1 2001

Bulletin of the South Carolina Academy of Science archives from January 1 2001

Patrons.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... PATRONS Albemarle Corporation Martin Microscope Company Applied Education Technology Medical University of South Carolina Benedict College Medical University of South Carolina, Bowater, Inc. ...

Donors.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... DONORS Amoco Performance Products Inman-Riverdale Foundation AVX Corporation Michelin Tire Company Bayer Corporation Ansel E. & Sharon B. Miller Bell South Communications Milliken Foundation...

Past teachers of the year.(in South Carolina)(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... PAST TEACHERS OF THE YEAR John D. Bernard, 1970 Lower Richland High School Major C. Rhodes, 1972 Spartanburg High School Troy Bridges, 1972 Spartanburg High School Elizabeth Reagan, 1974 ...

1985-1988 Drug Science Foundation Award for Excellence in Science 1989-Present Governor's Award for Excellence in Science: recipients of previous awards.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... RECIPIENTS OF PREVIOUS AWARDS James R. Durig, 1985 University of South Carolina Howard F. Harrison, 1986 CR Seeds, Hartsville, South Carolina F. John Vernberg, 1987 University of South Carolina...

Schedule seventy-fourth annual meeting South Carolina Academy of Science: April 5th and 6th, 2001 Coastal Carolina University Conway, South Carolina.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Thursday, April 5, 2001 5:30 PM - 7:30 PM SCAS Council Meeting Wall Board and Dinner Room 7:30 PM - 8:30 PM Honors Program Lecture Wall ...

South Carolina Academy of Science: a topical session of the seventy-fourth annual meeting Coastal Carolina University April 5th and 6th, 2001.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... ASTRONOMY - B WALL 205, Presiding: Dr. "Var" Limpasuwan 1:30 PM Modeling Gravitational Motion within a Binary Star System; David Keller Allen, Jim Neff; College of Charleston. 1:45 PM The Three...

Is the Nutritional Value of Farm-Fresh Eggs and Commercially Farmed Eggs Different?(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Eggs are a common and beneficial food that provides protein and minerals. The quality of one type of egg could be drastically different than another type. This research project tests that theory, stating that farm-fresh eggs are more...

Muscle Fiber Distribution of the Soft Palate in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... It has been suggested that the alterations in morphologic features of the pharynx may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In this investigation, pharyngeal tissue was obtained from three apneic...

The Effects of Concentration of 2-(40Isobutylphenyl) Propionic Acid (Ibuprofen) and Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) on the Reproduction Rate of Euglena Hemichromata.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Swiss scientists have recently identified 2-(4-isoturylphenyl)propionic acid (ibuprofen) in surface waters. Ibuprofen is estimated to have an annual production of several kilotons where 70-80% of the therapeutic dose, 600-1200 mg/d, is excreted...

A Comparison and Analysis of Pathfinding Algorithms.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... This study compared the performance of five common graph search pathfinding algorithms within a bounded two-dimensional coordinate map system. A C++ computer program was created to measure the performance of each algorithm based upon execution...

The Effect of Mouthwash on the Bacteria Found in the Mouth Over a Period of Time.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... This experiment was done to determine the amount of bacteria, if any, three different kinds of mouth wash eliminated. The mouthwashes tested in this experiment were Listerine,[R] Scope,[R] and Cepacol.[R] Distilled water was the control that...

How Much More Chemical and Wax Residue is Present on Non-Organically Processed Fruits and Vegetables Compared to Produce that is Labeled Organic?(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Grocery and health food stores have begun to offer produce labeled "organic". The organic produce claims to have been grown and harvested without chemical pesticides or fertilizers. Previous research indicates that there are more chemicals and...

Are Environmentally Friendly Cleaning Products as Effective as Brand-Name Cleansers for Typical Household Chores?(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... This research project determined which cleanser removed grease and stains the best, while taking into consideration which cleanser is safer for the environment. Most consumers use brand-name cleansers, which contain chemicals harmful to the...

The Correlation Between the Height of a Tennis Player and the Speed of Their Serve.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The speed of the serve is a major importance in the sport of tennis. One of the possible influences of the speed of the serve is the height of impact at which the tennis player hits the ball. The purpose of this research is to determine if the...

An Investigation of Spider Webs' Antibacterial Properties.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The purpose of this investigation is to determine if spider webs exhibit antibacterial properties. In order to determine an antibacterial property, the spider webs will be placed upon a petrifilm and covered in a solution of sterile distilled...

Designing and Testing a Hybrid Fuel Cell and Battery Power Source for Sustaining Peak Power Loads.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Fuel cells have become more popular and interesting to scientific research due to their great number of uses and overall advantages, particularly their ability to provide an efficient energy source with water as their only byproduct. Fuel cells...

The Exploration of Various Models in the Fractionation of Humic Materials in a Laboratory Setting.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Two logarithmic linearize equations for use in fractionation of NOM in the study of Trihalomethanes (THM) were tested. PSS and PEG were used with differing ironic strengths, concentrations and molecular weights. Concentration measurements were...

Evaluation of Surface and Pore Water pH at Peat Bay, Savannah River Site.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... There has recently been a great desire to find out the impact that the Savannah River Site has on the environment. This study was performed to see how pH varied across the surface and by depth in one of the many Carolina Bays on the Savannah...

The Relationship Between Cost and Puncture Resistance of Garbage Bags.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Four different brands of tall kitchen plastic garbage bags were tested for puncture resistance in order to determine if this puncture factor would be a reliable indicator for cost effectiveness in the bags. Each brand had different thicknesses...

Recovery of Longleaf and Loblolly Pine Stands After Hurricane Hugo.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... After Hurricane Hugo swept through South Carolina in 1989, sixteen plots were measured in Hobcaw Forest, a 17,500 ha tract of land on the lower coastal plain. All the trees within these plots were tagged, numbered, and measured. Eleven years...

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens for the Phytoremediation of Methyl Mercury.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... A prominent environment threat is xenobiotic contamination. Bioremediation, the use of microorganisms to clean the environment, has long been a method by which this type of contamination was maintained. However, a more practical process, that...

Activation of PAR-2 in Gallus gallus Trypsin Activation of Proteinase-Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2) and Its Role in Embryonic Programmed Motor Neuron Cell Death of Gallus gallus in ovo.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The Proteinase Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2) is one of four similar receptors discovered belonging to the group of proteinase activated receptors (PAR). PAR02 is antagonized by trypsin and the synthetic peptide sequence SLIGRL. In the embryonic...

Analysis of Crawfish Production and Harvesting Techniques in Louisiana.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Louisiana produces over 85% of the world's commercial grade crawfish. In recent years, inclement conditions along with the lack of technological advancements have caused production in the state to drop dramatically. Crawfish production and...

Population Ecology of Southern Lycosidae Spiders.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... A study of Southern wolf spider populations was performed in order to determine if there were any possible differences between their ecology and the ecology of wolf spiders studied in the northern United States, and also to determine if a...

Synthesis and Characterization of 10-Aza-Housane with Bulky Substituents of Nitrogen.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The synthesis of pentaprismane(1) has two currently favored syntheses stratagems, both of which use an intermediary compound known as a housane (Gribble, Hirth, 1996). A housane(2) is a molecule that is composed of two cyclopentyl dimers which...

A Study of the Relationship Between Bias Articles in the Washington Post and USA Today in the 1992 Presidential Election.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The purpose of this study was to see if there was a significant difference in the way newspapers treat different presidential candidates; in this case, President George Bush and Governor Bill Clinton. This was done by finding every article on...

Study of Female Neotropical Species of the Genus Dasymutilla.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... There are hundreds of species of the wasp, Dasymutilla, in the United States that have been identified and organized into a dichotomous key. However, there are less than a hundred species known in a neotropical region. This study identifies and...

Removal of Particulate Cerium Oxide Using Dense Phase Carbon Dioxide and Aqueous Surfactant.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Much of the radioactive waste at the Savannah River Site is transuranic waste. This waste includes rags, clothing, and tools contaminated with radioactive material. In an effort to permanently dispose of plutonium contaminated transuranic...

Repetition of Presented Words and its Effect on Memory in Children.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... This experiment was designed to determine the effects of abuse as well as repetition of presented words on children's memories. Children with parental consent were presented with word lists and later tested using a recall test. The subjects...

Analysis of Data Gathered by Hipparcos Satellite on Cepheid Variable Stars.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Quantifying the shapes of Cepheid variable star light curves is a technique that has been in use for the past several decades. Work to date has been primarily done for a few stars observed at a single site or by compiling the data for many...

Mutation Analysis of the L1Cell Adhesion Molecule Gene.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The L1Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1CAM) gene codes for a glycoprotein with six immunoglobulin (lg)-like domains and five fibronectin-like domains in the extracellular portion (Kohl et al., 1992). The L1CAM is typically expressed on neural cells...

Synthesis and Characterization of a New (Nitro) Pyridyl Cobalt Tetraphenyl Porphyrin Derivative, (Nitro) Pyridyl Cobalt Tetra (Orthopivalamido) Phenyl Porphyrin.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... It recent research, (py)Co(III)TTP(N[O.sub.2]) derivatives have been synthesized for possible use as an industrial oxo-transfer catalyst. One problem that arose during analysis was that this compound and its derivatives undergo a phenomenon...

Analysis of Photosensitizer Uptake in Roach Malpighian Tubules.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... With the outbreak of leukemia cases, there is a search for treatments that are more effective than chemotherapy or radiation. Many scientists are studying one such treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT). Multidrug resistance, however, is...

Expression of Fc-[gamma] Receptors in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells Infected with Chlamydia pneumoniae.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Many studies have been conducted in the past linking infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae with atherosclerosis and linking increased expression of Fc-[gamma] receptors with infection with C. trachomatis. Following in the footsteps of the two...

Effect of Various Catalysts on Bis-Ortho-Diynylarenes (BODA) Polymerization Kinetics and Analysis of Decomposition Kinetics of BODA Polymers.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Bis-ortho-diynylarenes (BODA) undergo cyclopolymerization at elevated temperatures to form polyarylene networks. Typically BODA monomers are polymerized neat or in solution at 210 [degrees] C or higher and in the absence of initiators or...

Detection and Identification of a Virus in Spiranthes cernua.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Some plants in a population of S. cernua growing at a nursery in South Carolina were observed to display a chlorotic mosaic typically associated with infection by a virus. An ELISA test indicated the presence of a potyvirus. A PCR test for the...

A Determination of Concentration and Types of Soil Bacteria, Arthropods, and Worms in Virgin Soil and Fill Dirt at a Construction Site.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The number of bacteria colonies and the number of soil organisms, mesofauna and macrofauna, from various sites were collected to determine the fertility and productiveness of fill dirt versus virgin soil at construction sites. Culturing the...

First and Follow Based Analysis of Context-Free Grammars.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Using formal linguistic theory, a measurement of parser compilation difficulty called the First and Follow can be computed. This measurement can be used in the same manner as a software metric. However, previous software metrics measure...

Which Common Algae Consumes the Most Oxygen, and Produces the Most Toxins as it Dies?(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The three most common types of algae are cyanobacteria, chlorophyta, and rhodophyta. Rhodophyta can be found in saltwater environments, chlorophyta in freshwater environments, and cyanobacteria in both environments. As these algae progress...

The Effect of Refrigeration and Type of Container Used on Ascorbic Acid in Various Juices.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is one of the most important vitamins found in citrus juices and many vegetables. Without any presence of vitamin C in the body, a person will eventually die. There are at least three hundred functions in the human...

An Application of the Minimax Algorithm in a Parallel Environment.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Parallelism can be a very effective way to increase the performance of a computing task, and theoretically should be beneficial to algorithms similar to the minimax algorithm, which can be used in move generation for simple computer versions of...

The Effects of Prunus avium, Vitis vinifera, and Vaccinium myrtillus on Mus musculus `Cognitive Learning and Psychomotor Skills.(Brief Article)(Statistical Data Included)
January 1, 2001... Humans experience slower, less effective functions as they age. Antioxidants can prevent or reverse some of the deficits in these functions. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the following fruits, cherries, grapes, and...

The Effect of Time on the Mozart Effect.(spatial temporal ability )(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... A study done by Rauchser, Shaw, and Ky found that after listening to Mozart's Sonata for Two Piano's in D Major, the spatial temporal ability of the test subjects was temporarily improved. The goals of this project were to confirm their...

A Novel in vitro Study of the Effect of [delta]-Aminoleuvlinic Acid on the Production of Class I c-Type Cytochromes in Bacillus subtilis as an Indicator of Bioheme Synthesis in Cell Metabolism.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The study was based on the possibility of accelerating the bioheme synthesis in Bacillus subtilis by increasing the amount of [delta]-aminoleuvlinic acid, a necessary precursor for the synthesis. After the synthesis is completed, the organism...

A Study of the Preferences of Reticulitermes flavipes for Various Wood Products Used in Residential Construction.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Termites strike over 500,000 homes and cause over 2 billion dollars in damage each year, increasing every year. The purpose of this research was to determine if the termite Reticulitermes flavipes prefer Cedar, Douglas Fir, Whitewood, Red Oak,...

A Study of the Rhizosphere of the Marsh Grass Juncus roemericus.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Samples from the rhizosphere of the marsh grass Juncus roemericus were taken from two sites, one a pure Juncus strand and one from an island of Juncus called Juncus Island, and cultured on four different carbon sources: sucrose, citrate, and...

A Comparison of Bokashi Compost to Traditional Soil Amendments.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The growth of Brassica rapa seeds grown with the addition of anaerobic Bokashi compost was compared to the growth of Brassica rapa seeds grown with additions of mushroom compost, garden compost, and potting soil in order to determine which...

Antibiotic Production of Marine Bacterial Isolates Extracted from White Pox Disease in Acropora palmata Corals.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The purposes of this research were to identify bacteria as antibiotic-producing agents against some common bacterial pathogens in humans, and to analyze these results from a marine biological prospective to obtain data as to the virtually...

An Assessment of Cervical Cancer Incidence in South Carolina with the Use of Diabetes Hospitalization as an Indicator of Access to Care.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The cervical cancer rates in South Carolina are higher than in any other state in the United States. The reasons for these high rates are unclear, but some factors are major constituents. For example, access to primary care is a major factor....

A Study of the Bacterial Transference of Antibacterial and Untreated Vinyl and Latex Gloves.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... While gloves do provide a barrier between the wearer and the subject, transference of bacteria from one to the other is still possible. There are chemicals in some gloves that can kill bacteria within seconds of contact (N-halamine). The...

The Effect of Random Packing By Pouring or Raining as Compared to Face Centered Cubic Packing of Particles on the Porosity and Permeability of a Packed Structure.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Porosity is the amount of water a packed structure can hold expressed as a percentage. Permeability is the amount of water able to flow through a system. The purpose of this experiment was to test the effect of random packing of small round...

Evaluation of Surface and Pore Water pH at Peat Bay Wetlands, Savannah River Site.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Surface and pore water pH were studied at Peat Bay Wetlands, located at the Savannah River Site. It is known that the Savannah River site, especially Peat Bay Wetlands, is contaminated because of the facility constructed in the 1950s to produce...

A Study of the Amount of Lead Content in Soils Surrounding Abandoned Gasoline Stations.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Some soils have been polluted with lead as a result of prior use of materials such as leaded gasoline. Lead contaminated soils are commonly located by old homes and buildings due to lead based paint and by heavily traveled roadways contaminated...

Expression and Distribution of Adam 9 (A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease) in the Developing Rat Heart.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The human heart begins developing early in gestation and lasts for a period of six weeks. Migration and proliferation of cells are essential to proper heart development. These processes are guided by the interactions between individual cells...

A Novel Study Investigating the Effect of Formula 409[R], Commercial Fantastic,[R] Bolex,[R] and Bravo HD[R] on the Growth of Escherichia coli K-12 After Prolonged Exposure.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The question of this research is, will Escherichia coli K-12 develop resistance to disinfectants used in public buildings by bacterial mutation? An hypothesis was formed stating that the antiseptic solutions chosen would be more effective as...

The Effect of Different Metals Used in Creating a Baseball Bat on the Resulting Vibrations of the Bat.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... In this experiment, three baseball bats of controlled length and weight from different manufacturers were tested to determine which had the largest sweet spot. It was hypothesized that the bat made by Louisville Slugger would have the largest...

The Extraction of Fungal DNA from Healthy and Diseased Samples of Pseudopterogorgia acerosa and Pseudopterogorgia americana Corals.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Among the many gorgonian coral diseases, only one has been systematically characterized. The fungal pathogen affecting sea fans, Aspergillus sydowii, was identified through morphological and nucleotide-sequence data. The disease, aspergillosis,...

Creation of a Variable Timestep Integrator for Use in Molecular Dynamics.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The purpose of this project was to design a variable timestep integrator that could be used to reduce the amount of CPU time required to run molecular dynamics simulations while retaining acceptable energy conservation. A routine was written...

The Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Over Time.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Solutions of [H.sub.2][O.sub.2] that had been left in an open container were added to the bacteria Clostridium sporgenes as it grew, and the efficacy of the decomposed [H.sub.2][O.sub.2]'s antibacterial properties were evaluated based on this...

A Study on the Behavior of VY Sculptoris-Type Cataclysmic Variables.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... This research was conducted through the assistance of Western Kentucky University and Indiana University. The purpose of this research project was to study VY Sculptoris cataclysmic variables, a type of binary star subset. Lightcurves from...

Search for Variable Components for Autonomous Robots.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Dr. Victor Giurgiutiu of the University of South Carolina teaches a class in programming the popular Motorola MC58HC11A8 microcontroller. For this class, a reliable piece of hardware was needed that would fully exploit the capabilities of the...

The Determination of the Concentration of Particulate Matter in Different Rooms of a Household.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Inhaling indoor air pollution can gradually lead to lung disease, respiratory tract infections, lung cancer, and asthma. Biological pollutants including molds, bacteria dust mites, and animal dander are sources of particulate matter that...

Characterization of Electrically Conductive Polymers.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The major problem with characterizing electrically conductive polymer films is that they have high light absorbance, while current characterization methods rely on high transmittance. The main objective of this research was to examine two...

The Effects of Clover, Wild Flower, and Manuka Honey on the Growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Streptococcus salivarius.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The effectiveness of using honey as an antibacterial treatment for common burns and scrapes was determined by testing the effect of clover, wild flower, and manuka honey on the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus,...

Cooling a Computer Processor Using a Water System.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... This project explored low-cost ways to water-cool a computer effectively. It was discovered that by using an inexpensive peltier based water system the performance dramatically increased, by making the computer run faster and more stable. These...

Risk Assessment of Gene Flow From Cultivated Populations of Strawberry into Surrounding Populations of Wild, Related Species.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... One of the primary concerns of introducing transgenic crops into areas where there are existing populations of wild, related species is the possibility of gene flow between the wild and cultivated populations. Such gene flow, or introgression,...

Copper Toxicity Testing of Juvenile Mussels (Utterbackia imbecillis): Acute and Chronic Effects.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Freshwater mussels are indicators of the environmental health and stability of marine ecosystems, and their endangerment in recent years has raised concern over environmental standards and the introduction of heavy metals into waterways. This...

The Effect of Cobalt Carbonate and Nickel Oxide Content in Glazes on the Strength of Clay Tiles.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The purpose of this paper was to see whether the composition of glazes effects the strength of clay tiles. Differing amounts of cobalt carbonate and nickel oxide were added to the same base glaze to see what the effects would be. Two types of...

The Effect of Caffeine Consumption on Reaction Time.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... In this study, differences in reaction times of students having consumed caffeine were compared over time to their reaction times when not having consumed caffeine. Caffeine is a stimulant found in Coke[R] products. People on average drink...

The Synthesis and Characterization of Stable Derivatives Using Tetra (Ortho-Pivalamido) Phenyl Porphyrin Rather Than Tetra Phenyl Porphyrin.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Derivatives of (nitro) tetra phenyl porphinate Cobalt(III) were synthesized in past research for use as industrial oxo-transfer catalysts. The compounds were found to undergo a phenomenon called disproportionation, in which molecules of the...

The Effects of Combinations of Shampoo and Conditioner Use on the Shafts of Virgin Hair.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Three tests groups of hair, each containing three swatches of hair (one light brown, one blond, one medium brown) were washed with different formulas of shampoos and/or conditioners for one month to determine which test group (control, separate...

A Study of Apoptosis in CHO and Its Mutants.(chinese hamster ovary)(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Apoptosis refers to programmed cell death which is part of many biological processes. Currently and for many years studies have been conducted to find out the effects of a range of drugs on various cell lines. This study was conducted in Dr....

The Effect of Storage Temperature on the Distribution Damage of Peaches.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The purpose of this study was to determine what effect storage temperatures have on damage inflicted by transportation of peaches. The peaches in this experiment were harvested, placed into a bath of ice and water for approximately 25 minutes,...

The Effect of Total Hardness and pH on Deep Well Water and Shallow Well Water.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Various naturally existing minerals affect the pH of water. This project investigates the difference in total hardness and pH of shallow and deep well water. The hypothesis for this research project stated that the shallow well water would have...

Variability in Orthemis ferruginea as Measured by RAPD-PCR (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA - Polymerase Chain Reaction).(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Heterogeneity within the dragonfly species Orthemis ferruginea was demonstrated by using the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction technique (RAPD-PCR). Reactions with primer OPC-14 produced a simple banding pattern...

Which Type of Hamburger Meat Contains More E. coli and Which is More Resistant to Certain Antibiotics - Organic or Inorganic?(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The purpose of this experiment was to find out which type of hamburger meat contains less E. coli and which is more resistant to E. coli - organic or inorganic meat. The hypothesis made was that organic meat would contain less E. coli and would...

The Growth of Bacteria on Jawbreakers.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The growth of bacteria was observed on jawbreakers that were washed after being licked and compared to bacterial growth on jawbreakers that were not washed after being licked. It was hypothesized that bacterial growth would increase more over...

The Effect of Storage Time and Preservatives on the Physical Properties of Recycled Pulp and Paper.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Paper pulp was made by recycling office paper and stored for four weeks with different chemical additions to determine the effects of time and preservatives of different physical properties of pulp and paper. The three batches were control (no...

The Determination of the Orientation of a Glycostlase cDNA in a Recombinant DNA Plasmid.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The purpose of this research was to determine the orientation of a DNA insert sequence when placed in a recombinant backbone plasmid. Mini-preparations were performed to extract the DNA from the plasmids. Restriction enzyme XMA I was used to...

The Use of Raman Spectroscopy to Create Models that Can Be Used to Discriminate Between Plastic Polymers.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... The plastic polymers that can be recycled are separated into seven categories: Polyethylene Terephthalate (polyester), High Density Polyethylene, Vinyl, Low Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polystyrene and Other. In this project, spectra of...

Three Dimensional Visualization of Groundwater Contamination: Field and Model Results.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... A recent development in information technologies is the advent and proliferation of the use of three-dimensional visualization. Though applications of this technology are widespread, its connections to groundwater remediation remain relatively...

The Effects of Thermal Pollution by the Marshall Steam Station on Dissolved Oxygen and Microbiodiversity in Lake Norman Surface Waters.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Coal-burning power plants are known producers of thermal pollution in nearby bodies of water that they use as cooling ponds. This research focused on the effects that thermal pollution caused by the Marshall Steam Station had on Lake Norman,...

Finding an Environmentally Safe Method to Increase Crop Respiration Rates.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... Sustainable agriculture has been studied in specific areas, and this project concentrated on finding an environmentally safe method to increase crop respiration rates, pH levels (4-10) were varied in order to determine the optimal range for a...

A Study of the Reproductive Patterns in Alligators by Use of Fecal DNA.(Brief Article)
January 1, 2001... To learn more about the reproductive patterns in alligators, one parental genotype was needed. However, not many females guard their nests and therefore it was difficult to obtain a blood sample. Feces, left by the guarding female, were noticed...