Canadian Journal of History articles from December 1995

Canadian Journal of History archives from December 1995

Peruvian politics and eight-hour day: rethinking the 1919 general strike.
December 1, 1995... PERUVIAN POLITICS AND THE EIGHT-HOUR DAY: RETHINKING THE 1919 GENERAL STRIKE Demanding that their workday be limited to a maximum of eight hours, workers in Lima and Callao initiated a general strike on 13 January 1919. The movement succeeded...

U.S. and Soviet policies towards France's struggle with anticolonial nationalism in North Africa.
December 1, 1995... The decolonization of the Maghreb (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia) confronted the United States and the Soviet Union with challenging and similar dilemmas. The process of decolonization took place at the peak of the Cold War, a time of high...

Henry Wilson's Mischief: Field Marshall Sir Henry Wilson's rise to power, 1917-1918.
December 1, 1995... Henry Wilson was the most politically adept member of the most politically aware generation of soldiers the British army has seen since the Commonwealth. He was, for this reason, disliked by most of his fellow soldiers, and distrusted by many...

Subversive Virtue: Ascetism and Authority in the Second-Century Pagan World.
December 1, 1995... Asceticism is a quality which we generally associate with the "holy men" of Christianity. There is good reason for that. It was Christianity which took over the ascetic tradition and transformed it into a mass movement. Pagan holy men, by...

The Germanization of Early Medieval Christianity: A Socio-historical Approach to religious Transformation.
December 1, 1995... The author has read widely and has filled his pages with quotations from anthropologists, sociologists, historians, and professors of literature, chosen according to their adaptability to his thesis. He fits those quotations together one after...

The Medieval Cult of Saints: Formations and Transformations.
December 1, 1995... Sous un titre abusivement general, on trouve ici une etude d'histoire de l'srt sur le dossier iconographique de s. Amand d'Elnone aux XIe-XIIe siecles. La premiere partie est consacree a une presentation generale de l'histoire du culte des saints...

Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade.
December 1, 1995... The military history of the first crusade is hardly untrodden ground. It does not, however, loom large in most general histories of the crusades. Earlier military historians tended to deal with the movement as a whole, which not only precluded...

From Personal Duties Towards Personal Rights: Late Medieval and Early Modern Political Thought, 1300-1600.
December 1, 1995... This is the second of a series of books by Arthus P. Monahan on the progress of European political thought. In the first volume, Consent, Coercion and Limit Monahan identified the three key concepts which he determines to trace through the...

Law and Citizenship in Early Modern France.
December 1, 1995... It is commonly thought that the modem concept of citizen was born in the Enlightenment and French Revolution. In this carefully argued and insightful study, Charlotte Wells argues that the French concept of citizen has a more interesting history....

The Danish Revolution, 1500-1800: An Ecohistorical Interpretation.
December 1, 1995... Two very different books on historical interactions between human beings and their natural surroundings make good examples of contemporary scholarship in environmental history. One emphasizes the web of interrelationships and the other traces a...

Energy in World History.
December 1, 1995... Two very different books on historical interactions between human beings and their natural surroundings make good examples of contemporary scholarship in environmental history. One emphasizes the web of interrelationships and the other traces a...

Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization on the Mind of the Enlightenment.
December 1, 1995... Si les humanistes de la Renaissance italienne diviserent l'Europe selon un axe nord-sud, les philosophes des Lumieres, eux, introduirent au dix-huitieme siecle une nouvelle ligne de demarcation - est-ouest. Le concept d'Europe de l'est est donc...

Kaunitz and Enlightened Absolutism: 1753-1780.
December 1, 1995... "The domestic condition of a Monarch," wrote Wenzel Anton Kaunitz in 1749, "is . . . the first and most important consideration which must be introduced and assessed in all diplomatic policy deliberations." This precept (cited in Szabo, p. 350)...

The Rise and Fall of Merry England: The Ritual Year, 1400-1700.
December 1, 1995... The study of popular culture in early modern England is now a well-established subject; we are long past the days when E.P. Thompson and Keith Thomas were virtually the only names in the field. In the past few years there have been major studies...

Francis Bacon: History, Politics and Science, 1561-1626.
December 1, 1995... Nearly four hundred years after the first edition of Bacon's Essays (1597) first brought him to European prominence, the seventeenth century's most famous crooked public servant continues to exercise an influence and fascination far beyond the...

Forest Rights: The War of the Demoiselles in Nineteenth-Century France.
December 1, 1995... Legal history has been enriched in recent years by studies examining the confrontation and interaction of rival conceptions of the nature and place of law in the popular consciousness. The Warwick school has argued that in England the age of...

Les almanacs republicains: Traditions revolutionnaires et culture politique des masses populaires de Paris: 1840-1851.
December 1, 1995... The sudden introduction of universal manhood suffrage in France in 1848 translated from dream to practical prospect the political hopes of parties and movements which might succeed in mobilizing public opinion. Napoleon III spoke for political...

Civilization Without Sexes: Reconstructing Gender in Postwar France, 1917-1927.
December 1, 1995... This postmodernist history studies how representations of gender, particularly of women, in popular novels, magazines, fashion commentary and natalist discourse, and the new expertise on vocational and sex education in the decade 1917 to 1927,...

Pierrot in Petrograd: The Commedia dell'Arte/Balagan in Twentieth-Century Russian Theater and Drama.
December 1, 1995... This provocative book offers an original approach to Russian modernist theatre by examining its incorporation of the characters and performance style of the commedia dell'arte, the Italian mask theatre whose origins can be traced back to the...

Friedrich Thimme 1868-1938. Ein politischer Historiker, Publizist und Schrifsteller in seinen Briefen.
December 1, 1995... Friedrich Thimme is best remembered by generations of scholars as co-editor of Die Grosse Politik der Europaischen Kabinette, 1871-1914, the 52-volume series of diplomatic documents that appeared between 1922 and 1927 under the auspices of the...

The Great Disorder: Politics, Economics and Society in the German Inflation, 1914-1924.
December 1, 1995... Like his previous books, Feldman's Great Disorder is a major contribution to understanding German history during and after World War One. His previous analyses of military-labour-state relations from 1914 to 1918 and of the functioning of the...

Der Rathernaumord: Rekonstruction eirner Verschworung gegen die Republik von Weimar.
December 1, 1995... Among the most fateful developments which shaped politics in Germany in the aftermath of World War I were the emergence of radical paramilitary organizations on both the extreme right and left as well as the unprecedented level of violence these...

Cleansing the Fatherland: Nazi Medicine and Racial Hygiene.
December 1, 1995... The title of this book suggests a systematic and team-approach study of Nazi medicine, when in fact its main contribution is to reprint two lengthy essays - "Medicine against the Useless" and "Pure and Tainted Progress" by Gotz Aly. These widely...

Defining Science: William Whewell, Natural Knowledge and Public Debate in Early Victorian Britain, Ideas in Context 27.
December 1, 1995... William Whewell has received a good deal of attention in recent years as philosopher and historian of science, natural theologian, educator, contributor to the language of science, academic politician, and more besides. And yet he has proved...

Religious Routes to Gladstonian Liberalism.
December 1, 1995... Between 1834 and 1868 members of the British House of Commons confronted forty-nine attempts to repeal or amend the law on church rates. Although church rate reform rarely makes an appearance in the great narratives of high Victorian politics, it...

On Her Their Lives Depend: Munitions Workers in the Great War.
December 1, 1995... In England during World War I approximately one million women were employed in munitions factories in a variety of skilled and unskilled capacities, far outnumbering women in any other war-time work. In this book, the first comprehensive...

Native American Communities in Wisconsin, 1600-1960: A Study of Tradition and Change.
December 1, 1995... Tradition and change are two central themes in this synthesis of Wisconsin Indian history. The early chapters of this work provide a concise background to the diverse pattern of existence in the region. Emphasizing the spiritual relationship...

American Indian Treaties: The History of a Political Anomaly.
December 1, 1995... Scholarship concerning the history of Indian-white relations in the United States has come a long way in the last thirty years. Within the many subfields pertaining to the history of Indian-white relations in the United States, the nature and...

Altogether American: Robert Mills, Architect and Engineer, 1781-1855.
December 1, 1995... Altogether American is described by its publishers as a combination of biography and architectural history, and this is probably as accurate a classification as any. In structure, the book is certainly biographical. The author narrates, in...

Never Just a Game: Players, Owners and American Baseball to 1920.
December 1, 1995... Although most baseball fans would now laugh in derision, the myth that America's great national pastime constituted an escape from careworn reality, a "Sunday of life," dies hard. Galactical player salaries in an era of poverty and want,...

Witch Hunt in Wise County: The Persecution of Edith Maxwell.
December 1, 1995... In 1935, a twenty-one year old woman was arrested, tried and convicted for the first degree murder of her father after beating him to death with a pair of bedroom slippers. So begins the fascinating account of Edith Maxwell from Wise County,...

U.S. Containment Policy and the Conflict in Indochina.
December 1, 1995... William J. Duiker has published widely on Vietnam, and his area expertise and language skills have provided him with impeccable credentials. In this work he analyses American entry into the war through the commitment of combat forces in 1965....

Resistance and Contradiction: Miskitu Indians and the Nicaraguan State, 1894-1987.
December 1, 1995... When Charles Hale observes that "conditions of field research [for cultural anthropologists from the west who study Third World societies in conflict] have become deeply politicized" (p. 1), he knows whereof he speaks. This published doctoral...

Millenarian Vision, Capitalist Reality: Brazil's Contestado Rebellion, 1912-1916.
December 1, 1995... Brazilians are not fanatics nor are they the stuff of martyrs. The ordinary Brazilian has been called "l'homme genial," someone who is free and easy in ways and beliefs. Catholicism, long the official faith, failed to make Brazilians exemplars of...

The Origins of the Tiandihui: The Chinese Triads in Legend and History.
December 1, 1995... Dian H. Murray, a history professor and associate dean at Notre Dame University, has produced for China specialists and general readers a comprehensive account on the origin and spread of the Tiandihui (The Heaven and Earth Society or Triad). Her...

The Technological Transformation of Japan: From the Seventeenth to the Twenty-first Century.
December 1, 1995... The Technological Transformation of Modern Japan is designed to provide an encompassing and convincing explanation of the causes that led Japan to become an industrial superpower, capable of challenging the West in certain key areas of the latest...

Indian Communism: Opposition, Collaboration and Institutionalization.
December 1, 1995... In her study of India's political economy in the thirty years after independence (India's Political Economy, 1947-1977, Princeton University Press, 1978), Francine Frankel analyses the paradox of Jawaharlal Nehru's commitment to both...

Children of Bondage: A Social History of the Slave Society at the Cape of Good Hope, 1652-1838.
December 1, 1995... The political struggle of blacks for legal and political rights in contemporary South Africa, has somewhat eclipsed its historical origins as a slave-holding society. And yet, as the author of the present work states, there is "an abundance of...

Avenues of Participation: Family Politics and Networks in Urban Quarters of Cairo.
December 1, 1995... A recent Egyptian study to assess "How Secure Are Egyptians?", commissioned by the National Institute for Planning (Egypt) and the United Nations Development Fund (U.N.D.P.), found that almost 28 per cent of those surveyed did not feel secure at...

Historia and Fabula: Myths and Legends in Historical Thought from Antiquity to the Modern Age.
December 1, 1995... First, what this book is not. This is no work of the recent Parisian school, in which thinkers are mere vessels for the ebb and flow of discourse. Here, rather, the author, a methodological pre-Parisian, lets his thinkers puzzle over problems...

Implicit Understandings: Observing, Reporting and Reflecting on the Encounters Between Europeans and Other Peoples in the Early Modern Era.
December 1, 1995... Although the Columbus quincentennial is now well behind us, the grand event engendered a remarkable surge of encounter studies and postmodernist revisionism that seems likely to continue into the foreseeable future. Historians, anthropologists,...

Gold Seeking: Victoria and California in the 1850s.
December 1, 1995... Despite its title, this book does not offer its readers a narrative of gold rush actions. Rather the goal is to examine how people in both Australia and the United States thought about and reacted to the gold discoveries in each country. The...

Lakshana: Autopsy of a Century.
December 1, 1995... Lakshana is a portmanteau Sanskrit word which means both "phallus" and "mark" (p. 43). Mark Slade uses the word to represent his idea of a lethal duality in modern history. If the phallus is subordinate to the mark of culture, we live. Vice...

Churchill and Roosevlet at War: The War They Fought and Peace They Hoped to Make.
December 1, 1995... How did the wartime friendship between Churchill and Roosevelt affect policy-making? Indeed, what sort of "friendship" was it? More particularly, to what extent were the two Allied leaders able to fashion a common policy and to achieve their...